Induction 〔 competent: Determined Expressed Able to respond in Able to follow same The apical meristem appropriate removal from its morphogenesis. evelope plant. egetative growth Figure 11-1
Figure 11-1
(leaves LDP(plant) B SDP(eaves)c SDP (Tip) SDP g.113
Fig. 11-3
l6L-8D,一个光诱导周期:15L-9D),16L-8D 16L-8D15L-9D 小囤也逃四想 Fig.11-5 a B
Fig.11-5
Light Photoperiodism Low Sucrose Gibberellins number temperature Far r GA receptor PHYB-PHYA CRY1 CRY2 Vernalization CLOCK GENES Autonomous Energy Gibberellin pathway Florigen (phloem) Inhibits FLOWERING LOCUS C flowering d CONSTANS AGAMOUS-LIKE 20 Meristem identity genes LEAFY FIGURE 24.32 Four developmental path ways for flowering in Arabidopsis: the Figure 11-7 photoperiodism, autonomous/vernaliza- tion, sucrose, and gibberellin pathways A transmissible floral stimulus(flori gen")from leaves is only involved in the HAG Floral photoperiodic pathway( After Blazquez 2000.) AP3, P/ homeotic genes Sepals Petals Stamens Carpels Floral organs
Figure 11-7
(A) Wild type Interpretation of the phe notypes of floral homeotic mutants based on the ABC model. (A) Wild type:(B)Loss of C function results in expansion of the A function throughout the floral meristem. (C) Loss of A func tion results in the spread of C function Genes throughout the meristem. (D) Loss of B function results in the expression of Structure Sepal Petal Stamen only A and C functions, (B)Loss of c function Whorl Genes structure Petal Sepal (C) Loss of A function Genes Structure Carpel Stamen stamen Fig 11-8 (D) Loss of B function Structure Carpel Carpe
Fig.11-8 Fig.11-8
Microfilament Endoplasmic Vesicles containing reticulum cell wall precursors Callose plu Vegetative Sp Mitochondri Exine wall Intine wall Golgi Vesicle fusing with cell mbrane at tube tip Figure 19.29 ( A) Schematic llustration of a pollen tube growing by tip extension. Callose plugs limit the volume occupied by the cytoplasm to regions close to the grow Igure ing tip. (B) Fluorescence micrograph of pollen tubes growing through a pistil The callose plugs that block off the pollen tube at regular intervals are visual- ized by staining with aniline blue
Figure 11-9
Pollen gr Pollen tube na m ra Intine wall Stigmatic papilla Pollen coat olecule SLRT SLG Figure 19.33 SLRI The scanning electron micrograph at left shows the surface of a stigma, Stigma nat tic SRK papillae and pollen grains are visible. The SRK simplified schematic representation at right MOD Stigma cell illustrates the contact zone between a brassica water channel stigmatic papillar cell and an incompatible pollen grain. Some of the proteins thought to be involved in the interaction are shown(the shapes and sizes of the proteins in this model Figure 11-10 are hypothetical). S locus receptor kinase (SRK)may bind the pollen ligand, and in some cases this binding might be facilitated by interaction with S locus glycopro SLG). The pollen ligand probably is a com- ponent of the pollen coat. SLG-like receptor I SLRI)and other components of the pollen coat probably are involved in pollen adhe- sion to the papillar cell. MOD, modifier of self-incompatibility
Figure 11-10
Figure 11-11 wind pollination. Each cluster of male oak flowers dangles from a tree branch and sheds a shower of pollen when the wind blows. These flowers lack petals. (Dr. Jeremy Burgess/Science Photo Library/Photo 尺 esearchers,nc.)
Figure 11-11
Figure 11-12 Beelike flowers. The flowers of this orchid (Ophrys scolopax) resemble a female bee (eucera longicornis). Male bees are attracted to the flowers and transfer pollen during misdirected attempts to copulate with the flowers. (The yellow sac attached near the bee's antennae is a pollen sac that became attached during pseudocopulation) Photographed in Sardinia. (Nuridsany
Figure 11-12
(A) (D) Silique (fruit) Pet Cauline (stem)leaf\ Internode Rosette leaf Roots FIGURE 16.1 Arabidopsis thaliana. (A) Drawing of a mature Arabidopsis plant showing the various organs.(B) Drawing of a flower showing the floral organs.(C) An immature vegeta tive plant consisting of basal rosette leaves and a root system Figure 11-13 (not shown).(D)A mature plant after most of the flowers have matured and the siliques have developed. (A and B after Clark 2001: C and D courtesy of Caren Chang)
Figure 11-13
