课件十三: Unification of Germany 德国的统 13-0-0 ■提纲: 48年革命后德意志的政治经济状况 ■二、普鲁士的统一活动和德国统一的完 成 ■三、五、六十年代的德国工人运动
课件十三：Unification of Germany 德国的统一 (13-0-0) ◼ 提纲： ◼ 一、48年革命后德意志的政治经济状况 ◼ 二、普鲁士的统一活动和德国统一的完 成 ◼ 三、五、六十年代的德国工人运动
he Origin of Kingdom of Prussia 普鲁士王国的建立 When Elector Friedrich ll crowned himself King Friedrich I in Prussia in 1701, the new kingdom ruled by the Hohenzollern dynasty became known as the Kingdom of Prussia After the First Partition of Poland in 1772, part of the former Polish province Roval Prussia, was merged with East Prussia. On January 31, 1773 King Friedrich l announced that the newly annexed lands were to be known as West Prussia and the old duchy of Prussia was to be known as east Prussia
The Origin of Kingdom of Prussia 普鲁士王国的建立 ◼ When Elector Friedrich III crowned himself King Friedrich I in Prussia in 1701, the new kingdom ruled by the Hohenzollern dynasty became known as the Kingdom of Prussia. ◼ After the First Partition of Poland in 1772, part of the former Polish province Royal Prussia, was merged with East Prussia. On January 31, 1773 King Friedrich II announced that the newly annexed lands were to be known as West Prussia and the old Duchy of Prussia was to be known as East Prussia
The growth of prussia 普鲁士王国的扩张 NORTH SEA BALTIC Light Blue. Schleswig 4 SEA R Prussia in 1865 konigsberg Dark Blue Stein Annexed by oor/° R US S I Prussia, 1866 PK OF WALDECI R ight Blue Line Border of north German LUXEMBOURG EAVARIA aremberg、 B a StuttgartKINGDOM M or Confederation FRANCE OF Bruno Avaria LIECHTENSTEIN
The Growth of Prussia 普鲁士王国的扩张 Light Blue: Prussia in 1865 Dark Blue: Annexed by Prussia, 1866 Light Blue Line: Border of North German Confederation
Toward the unification of Germany 174018371)统一之路 M兵了SEA HDENMARKS SHEDEN SCHL ESwi y SALTC SEA de提R OMERANIA WEST UPRUSSIAUM HANOVER POLAND HETHERLA NDS POSEN /BRANDEN BUR RUSSIA N( WEST PHALIA E MPIRE BELG夏M SILESIA 人KN BOHEME哭 Gem an Confederation boundary [ 1815) AL ATINATE MORA Fron Austria in 1763 BAVARIA ini72,179,179 States annexed by prussia in 1866 BADEN FRANCE AUSTRI North Gernan Confederation boundary WITZERLAN States added to for Terrories ceded by France (1871) X Batte sites a Fortifications ITAL
Toward the Unification of Germany( 1740-1871 ) 统一之路
Bismarck(8159俾斯麦 German statesman and Prussian junker known as“ The Iron Chancellor??. He was appointed prime minister of prussia (1862)in order to push army reform through parliament I In 1871, he became the first chancellor of the German Rich
Bismarck (1815-98) 俾斯麦 ◼ German statesman and Prussian junker, known as “The Iron Chancellor”. He was appointed prime minister of Prussia (1862) in order to push army reform through parliament. In 1871, he became the first chancellor of the German Riech
<The ron and blood chancellor? “铁血宰相” On Sept 30, 1862, Bismarck said in the parliament, "Germany has its eyes not on Prussia?s liberalism, but on its power. The great events of our day will not be decided by speeches andand resolutions of majority, but by blood and iron
“The Iron and Blood Chancellor” “铁血宰相” ◼ On Sept. 30, 1862, Bismarck said in the parliament, “Germany has its eyes not on Prussia’s liberalism, but on its power. The great events of our day will not be decided by speeches and and resolutions of majority, but by blood and iron
Schleswig-Holstein 普、奥同丹麦的战争(1864)夺得石勒苏益格和霍尔斯泰因 The duchies of Schleswig and Holstein became the personal possessions of the king of denmark in 1460 though the population was largely German s Slesvig Prussia, to stop a Danish attem pt to annex the duchies, with austria force Denmark to give them up(1864), Prussia taking Schleswig and Holstein Austria Holstein
Schleswig-Holstein 普、奥同丹麦的战争（1864）夺得石勒苏益格和霍尔斯泰因 ◼ The duchies of Schleswig and Holstein became the personal possessions of the king of Denmark in 1460, though the population was largely German. Prussia, to stop a Danish attempt to annex the duchies, with Austria force Denmark to give them up(1864), Prussia taking Schleswig and Austria Holstein
Austro-Prussian War(1866)(also known as Seven Weeks:War)普奥战争(图为萨多瓦战役) The Austro-Prussian War, provoked by Bismarck over the Schleswig Holstein controversy. Prussia was supported by Italy, while Austria was allied with Saxony, Hanover and several s German states The Prussian army under von Moltke won rapid victories, ending with decisive Battle of Sadowa( July 3, 1866) and the treaty of Prague (Aug.23,1866)
Austro-Prussian War (1866) （also known as: Seven Weeks‘ War） 普奥战争(图为萨多瓦战役） The Austro-Prussian War, provoked by Bismarck over the SchleswigHolstein controversy. Prussia was supported by Italy, while Austria was allied with Saxony, Hanover and several S. German states. The Prussian army under von Moltke won rapid victories, ending with decisive Battle of Sadowa ( July 3,1866) and the treaty of Prague (Aug. 23, 1866)
Prague Treaty(Aug23,186布拉格条约 The southern german states Prussia kept all the territories it formed their own had captured independent confederation A North German Confederation Austria promised to stay out was set up under the control of of german affairs Prussia Austria paid compensation to A federal Diet(parliament) was Prussia but did not lose land established for the states in this to it. Prussia did not want to North german Confederation weaken austria too much The diet would be elected and each state could keep its own since it might be a useful ally laws and customs in the future against Prussia's enemies
Prague Treaty(Aug. 23, 1866) 布拉格条约 ◼ Prussia kept all the territories it had captured. ◼ A North German Confederation was set up under the control of Prussia. ◼ A federal Diet (parliament) was established for the states in this North German Confederation. The Diet would be elected and each state could keep its own laws and customs. ◼ The southern German states formed their own independent confederation. ◼ Austria promised to stay out of German affairs. ◼ Austria paid compensation to Prussia but did not lose land to it. Prussia did not want to weaken Austria too much since it might be a useful ally in the future against Prussia's enemies
North German Confederation(1867) 北德意志联邦 Prussian territory HOLS MECKLENBURG Other North German states HANNOVER NETHERLANDS RUSSIAN EMPIRE South German states BELGIUM SAXONY Border of North German BOHEALA Confederation FRANCE AUSTRIA Boundary of German Empire HUNGARY
North German Confederation (1867) 北德意志联邦