Unit2 Survival New Words顺序朗读新单词 survive v. to continueto live;to endure or last;to continue in existence after(an adversity, etc.) 生存，生还，幸存 securityn. the state of being free from danger or injury 安全 reinforce . to make stronger 加强，增援 relief n. the feeling that comes when something burdensomeis removed or reduced;the condition of being comfortable or relieved(especially after being relieved of distress) 减轻，解除，教济 adaptation n. the process of adapting to something(such as environmental conditions) 适应 rescue v.to savefrom harm or danger 解救，营救 n.an act of rescuing,recovery or preservation from loss or danger 解救，救援 executev. to put in effect;to carry out or perform an action 实行，完成，进行 effective a. able to accomplish a purpose 有效的 crisis n. an unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty 危急关头，危机 lessen v. to decrease in size,extent,or range 减少，变小，减轻 disruptive a characterized by unrest,disorder or insubordination 捣乱的，破坏性的，制造混乱的
Unit 2 Survival New Words 顺序朗读新单词 survive v. to continue to live; to endure or last; to continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.) 生存，生还，幸存 securityn. the state of being free from danger or injury 安全 reinforce v. to make stronger 加强，增援 relief n. the feeling that comes when something burdensome is removed or reduced; the condition of being comfortable or relieved (especially after being relieved of distress) 减轻，解除，救济 adaptation n. the process of adapting to something (such as environmental conditions) 适应 rescue v. to save from harm or danger 解救，营救 n. an act of rescuing, recovery or preservation from loss or danger 解救，救援 executev. to put in effect; to carry out or perform an action 实行，完成，进行 effective a. able to accomplish a purpose 有效的 crisis n. an unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty 危急关头，危机 lessen v. to decrease in size, extent, or range 减少，变小，减轻 disruptive a. characterized by unrest, disorder or insubordination 捣乱的，破坏性的，制造混乱的
category n.a collection of things sharing a common attribute 种类，类别 defencen. an unconscious process that tries to reduce the anxiety associated with instinctive desires 防务，防御 equip v.to providewith(something)usually for a specific purpose 装备 emergency n. a sudden unforeseen crisis(usually involving danger)that requires immediate action 紧急情况，突发事件 adequate a. enough to meet a purpose 足够的，充足的，适当的。能胜任的 disastern. an event resulting in great loss and misfortune 灾难 updated a.recent;latest 更新的，最新的 feasible a.capable of being done with means at hand and circumstances as they are 可行的，可能的 incentive n. a positive motivationalinfluence 刺激，鼓励，动机 stable a.resistantto change of position or condition 稳定的，安定的 cohesion n. the state of sticking together 凝聚力，团结 swift a.moving very fast 快的，迅速的 corporate a. belonged to,or shared by all the members of a group 共同的，集体的
category n. a collection of things sharing a common attribute 种类，类别 defencen. an unconscious process that tries to reduce the anxiety associated with instinctive desires 防务，防御 equip v. to provide with (something) usually for a specific purpose 装备 emergency n. a sudden unforeseen crisis (usually involving danger) that requires immediate action 紧急情况，突发事件 adequate a. enough to meet a purpose 足够的，充足的，适当的，能胜任的 disastern. an event resulting in great loss and misfortune 灾难 updated a. recent; latest 更新的，最新的 feasible a. capable of being done with means at hand and circumstances as they are 可行的，可能的 incentive n. a positive motivational influence 刺激，鼓励，动机 stable a. resistant to change of position or condition 稳定的，安定的 cohesion n. the state of sticking together 凝聚力，团结 swift a. moving very fast 快的，迅速的 corporate a. belonged to, or shared by all the members of a group 共同的，集体的
response n. astatement(either spoken or written)thatis made in reply toa question,request,criticism or accusation 反应，回答，响应 profit n. the advantageous quality of being beneficial 利润，赢利，利益 coastal a.of or relating to a coast 海岸的，沿海的，沿岸的 typhoon n. a tropical cyclone occurring in the western Pacific Ocean or Indian Ocean 台风 escape n. the act of escaping 逃走，逃出 to run away from confinement 逃脱，避开 route n. an established line of travelor access 航线，路线 evacuate to moveout of an unsafe location into safety 疏散.撤出 suspend to officially stop something from continuing,especially for a short time 暂停，取消，中止 military n. the army 军队 additional a further or added 附加的，另外的 resilience n the ability to become strong,happy,or successfulagain after a difficult situation or event 弹性 self-reliance n. personal independence 依靠自己，自力更生
response n. a statement (either spoken or written) that is made in reply to a question, request, criticism or accusation 反应，回答，响应 profit n. the advantageous quality of being beneficial 利润，赢利，利益 coastal a. of or relating to a coast 海岸的，沿海的，沿岸的 typhoon n. a tropical cyclone occurring in the western Pacific Ocean or Indian Ocean 台风 escape n. the act of escaping 逃走，逃出 v. to run away from confinement 逃脱，避开 route n. an established line of travel or access 航线，路线 evacuate v. to move out of an unsafe location into safety 疏散，撤出 suspend v. to officially stop something from continuing, especially for a short time 暂停，取消，中止 military n. the army 军队 additional a. further or added 附加的，另外的 resilience n. the ability to become strong, happy, or successful again after a difficult situation or event 弹性 self-reliance n. personal independence 依靠自己，自力更生
pattern n.a way in which something happensor develops 模式，方式，形式 corporation n. a business firm whose articles of incorporation have been approved in some state 公司，企业 adaptive a.having a capacity for adaptation 适合的，适应的.能适应的 capability n.the quality of being capable 能力 comparatively ad.in a relative manner;by comparison to somethingelse 比较地，相当地 distribute V. to spread widely 分配，散布 coordination n. the regulation of diverse elements into an integrated and harmonious operation 协调 resort v. to do somethingextreme or unpleasant in order to solve a problem 采取，诉诸，求助于 subject a. likely to experience somethingor be affected by something 服从的，易患的，有…倾向的 frightened a. in a stateof fear,afraid 受惊的，害怕的 administration n. the persons,committees,departments,etc.who make up a bodyfor the purpose of administering something 行政，管理 Phrases and Expressions顺序朗读新短语 cutdown削减.删减break down坍塌.彻底失败.分解
pattern n. a way in which something happens or develops 模式，方式，形式 corporation n. a business firm whose articles of incorporation have been approved in some state 公司，企业 adaptive a. having a capacity for adaptation 适合的，适应的，能适应的 capability n. the quality of being capable 能力 comparatively ad. in a relative manner; by comparison to something else 比较地，相当地 distribute v. to spread widely 分配，散布 coordination n. the regulation of diverse elements into an integrated and harmonious operation 协调 resort v. to do something extreme or unpleasant in order to solve a problem 采取，诉诸，求助于 subject a. likely to experience something or be affected by something 服从的，易患的，有……倾向的 frightened a. in a state of fear, afraid 受惊的，害怕的 administration n. the persons, committees, departments, etc. who make up a body for the purpose of administering something 行政，管理 Phrases and Expressions 顺序朗读新短语 cut down 削减，删减 break down 坍塌，彻底失败，分解
work on对…起作用；从事all levels of government所有级别的政府单位 givean idea of使对有些了解end up with结束于 aim for瞄准，以…为目标be incapable of不能做… public awareness 公众认知come about发生，产生 focus on集中于…a wide rangeof各种各样的 rather than宁可…也不愿… responseto对的反应 in total总共carry out实行，执行 at the height of达到最高点in coordination with与-协调 textmessage手机短信resort to常去（诉诸，求助于） inal共计be subject to易受…的 related to 与…相关
work on 对……起作用；从事 all levels of government所有级别的政府单位 give an idea of 使对……有些了解 end up with 结束于 aim for 瞄准，以……为目标 be incapable of 不能做…… public awareness 公众认知 come about 发生，产生 focus on 集中于…… a wide range of 各种各样的 rather than 宁可……也不愿…… response to 对……的反应 in total 总共 carry out 实行，执行 at the height of 达到最高点 in coordination with 与……协调 text message 手机短信 resort to 常去（诉诸，求助于） in all 共计 be subject to 易受……的 related to 与……相关
Unit2 Survival Difficult Sentences长难句 Three Rs for Surviving EnvironmentalChange 三个R”:环境变化的生存之路 "survive”表示"幸存，生还”，其后通常不接其他表示方位的介词。 survive the car accident/the flood/thefire accident 在车祸中/在洪水中/在火灾中幸存下来 Only one passenger survived the air crash. 这次飞机失事只有一名乘客幸免于难。 The house survived the storm. 经过暴风雨袭击，这所房屋并未倒塌。 By August11,it had been hit by eight typhoons,including the most powerfulone in half-a- century. 截至当年8月11日，该地区遭受了8次台风袭击，包括半个世纪以来最强烈的一次。 第一个“by在此处表示时间期限，意为到…为止”或“不迟于”。后接表示过 去的时间状语时，多与过去完成时连用；后接"ow”时，多与现在完成时连用；后接表 示将来的时间状语时，多与一般将来时或将来完成时连用。 They had finished their work by the end of last week. 到上周末他们已完成了工作。 Maybeshe has returned by now. 或许现在她已经回来了。 I'll be here by five o'clock this afternoon. 我最迟在今天下午5点前到这里。 第二个by在被动语态里表示动作的执行者，意为“被或由”。 The bike was found by a boy last time. 上次.这辆自行车是被一个男孩找到的。 These bridges must be built by those workers. 这些桥一定是由那些工人建造的
Unit 2 Survival Difficult Sentences 长难句 Three Rs for Surviving Environmental Change 三个“R”：环境变化的生存之路 “survive”表示“幸存，生还”，其后通常不接其他表示方位的介词。 survive the car accident/the flood/the fire accident 在车祸中/在洪水中/在火灾中幸存下来 Only one passenger survived the air crash. 这次飞机失事只有一名乘客幸免于难。 The house survived the storm. 经过暴风雨袭击，这所房屋并未倒塌。 By August 11, it had been hit by eight typhoons, including the most powerful one in half-acentury. 截至当年 8 月 11 日，该地区遭受了 8 次台风袭击，包括半个世纪以来最强烈的一次。 第一个“by”在此处表示时间期限，意为“到……为止”或“不迟于”。后接表示过 去的时间状语时，多与过去完成时连用；后接“now”时，多与现在完成时连用；后接表 示将来的时间状语时，多与一般将来时或将来完成时连用。 They had finished their work by the end of last week. 到上周末他们已完成了工作。 Maybe she has returned by now. 或许现在她已经回来了。 I'll be here by five o'clock this afternoon. 我最迟在今天下午 5 点前到这里。 第二个“by”在被动语态里表示动作的执行者，意为“被”或“由”。 The bike was found by a boy last time. 上次，这辆自行车是被一个男孩找到的。 These bridges must be built by those workers. 这些桥一定是由那些工人建造的
At the height of the biggest typhoon,the government used all means possible,including TV,the Internet and text messages to get the word out about escape route. 在最大的那次合风的高潮，政府采取了一切可能的办法，包括电视、互联网和手机短信 通告关于避难路径的消息。 "means'”表示"方法，手段，具体用法如下。 (1)单复数同形（永远有词尾-5）。若用作主语，其谓语的数需根据句意来确定。 All possible means have been tried. 所有可能的办法都已经试过了。 Every possible means has been tried 每种可能的办法都已经试过了。 【注意】：若句意不能明确地表明主语的单复数，其谓语则用单数或复数均可。 Is/Are there any other means of doing it? 做这件事还有其他的什么办法吗？ (2)表示“以某种方式、方法或手段”，其后接介词by。 Only by this means can you do it well. 只有通过这种办法你才能做好此事。 有时用"by means of",意为“用…，依靠…。 Thoughts are expressed by means of words. 思想靠语言来表达。 (3)表示“做某事的方法或手段”，其后接“of+(动)名词”。 But they had no means of cooking the crabs. 但是他们没有办法来把螃蟹煮熟。 Taking a plane is the quickest means of getting there 去那儿最快的办法是坐飞机。 In all,more than 1.5 million people were evacuated,40,000ships wererecalled to ports and all business"not related to fighting the typhoon"was suspended
At the height of the biggest typhoon, the government used all means possible, including TV, the Internet and text messages to get the word out about escape route. 在最大的那次台风的高潮，政府采取了一切可能的办法，包括电视、互联网和手机短信， 通告关于避难路径的消息。 “means”表示“方法，手段”，具体用法如下。 （1）单复数同形（永远有词尾-s）。若用作主语，其谓语的数需根据句意来确定。 All possible means have been tried. 所有可能的办法都已经试过了。 Every possible means has been tried. 每种可能的办法都已经试过了。 【注意】：若句意不能明确地表明主语的单复数，其谓语则用单数或复数均可。 Is/Are there any other means of doing it? 做这件事还有其他的什么办法吗? （2）表示“以某种方式、方法或手段”，其后接介词 by。 Only by this means can you do it well. 只有通过这种办法你才能做好此事。 有时用“by means of”，意为“用……，依靠……”。 Thoughts are expressed by means of words. 思想靠语言来表达。 （3）表示“做某事的方法或手段”，其后接“of＋（动）名词”。 But they had no means of cooking the crabs. 但是他们没有办法来把螃蟹煮熟。 Taking a plane is the quickest means of getting there. 去那儿最快的办法是坐飞机。 In all, more than 1.5 million people were evacuated, 40,000 ships were recalled to ports and all business"not related to fighting the typhoon"was suspended
总共有150万人被疏散，4万艘船被召回港口，所有“与抗击台风无关”的行业全部停 业。 "inar意为“总共，总计。 There are thirty in all in the party who will travel to Lanzhou 赴兰州的旅游团总共有30人。 【辨析：aboveall,after all和first of all。 "aboveall意为“最重要的是，尤其是”，强调要引起特别注意。 We must work,and above all we must believe in ourselves 我们必须工作，尤其重要的是我们必须树立信心。 after all意为"毕竞，终究，到底"，表示让步。 He is certain to come.After all,he's already accepted the invitation. 他肯定来，毕竞他已接受了邀请。 "first of all"意为“首先”，强调次序。 First of all,let me introduce myself to you. 首先，让我做一个自我介绍。 Society did not break down and all levels of government,including the military,came together to effectively limit additional cost and suffering. 社会没有崩溃，所有级别的政府单位，包括军队，都同心协力，有效地控制了不必要的损 失和后果。 break down”是一个多意动词短语，具体用法如下。 (1)表示机器、车辆等坏了。 The car broke down after an hour's driving. 车子开了一个小时就坏了。 (2)表示计划、谈判等失败了。 Our plans have broken down 我们的计划失败了。 (3)表示谈话、通信等中断了
总共有 150 万人被疏散，4 万艘船被召回港口，所有“与抗击台风无关”的行业全部停 业。 “in all”意为“总共，总计”。 There are thirty in all in the party who will travel to Lanzhou. 赴兰州的旅游团总共有 30 人。 【辨析】：above all，after all 和 first of all。 “above all”意为“最重要的是，尤其是”，强调要引起特别注意。 We must work，and above all we must believe in ourselves. 我们必须工作，尤其重要的是我们必须树立信心。 “after all”意为“毕竟，终究，到底”，表示让步。 He is certain to come. After all, he’s already accepted the invitation. 他肯定来，毕竟他已接受了邀请。 “first of all”意为“首先”，强调次序。 First of all, let me introduce myself to you. 首先，让我做一个自我介绍。 Society did not break down and all levels of government, including the military, came together to effectively limit additional cost and suffering. 社会没有崩溃，所有级别的政府单位，包括军队，都同心协力，有效地控制了不必要的损 失和后果。 “break down”是一个多意动词短语，具体用法如下。 （1）表示机器、车辆等坏了。 The car broke down after an hour’s driving. 车子开了一个小时就坏了。 （2）表示计划、谈判等失败了。 Our plans have broken down. 我们的计划失败了。 （3）表示谈话、通信等中断了
He broke down as he was singing. 他没唱完就突然停住了。 (4)表示健康、精神等变坏了。 Her health broke down under the pressure of work. 工作的压力把她的身体弄垮了。 It is worth noting.however,that countries with a strong government response need to be careful to include the population in the resilience,rescue and recovery process,otherwise it will end up with a population that is incapable of self-reliance. 然而值得注意的是，那些政府回应能力强的国家必须要在民众中认真地建立一个弹性、救 援和恢复的进程，否则就会因为人民缺乏自教能力而失败。 “worth”意为“值…的，有…的价值的"，其后接名词、代词、数词或动词-ig 形式，而不能接动词不定式。它在句中一般作表语，不能单独使用。常用的句式如下。 (1)“主语+be+worth+动词ig形式+…'。句子的主语就是动词-ing形式的逻辑宾语。 The Museum of Fine Arts is worth visiting. 美术博物馆值得参观。 Thefim is definitely worth seeing. 这部电影确实值得一看。 (2)t(形式主语)+be+worth+-动词-ing形式+…”。 Is it worth reading the book? 这本书值得读吗？ 【注意】： 一般来说，"worth"前面可用"welr、really"、very much"、"hardly"、"easily"等词语 修饰，但一般不用“vey”修饰。 This is really worth doing. 这确实值得一做。 He has something very much worth saying. 他有些话很值得讲出来。 【注意】：
He broke down as he was singing. 他没唱完就突然停住了。 （4）表示健康、精神等变坏了。 Her health broke down under the pressure of work. 工作的压力把她的身体弄垮了。 It is worth noting, however, that countries with a strong government response need to be careful to include the population in the resilience, rescue and recovery process, otherwise it will end up with a population that is incapable of self-reliance. 然而值得注意的是，那些政府回应能力强的国家必须要在民众中认真地建立一个弹性、救 援和恢复的进程，否则就会因为人民缺乏自救能力而失败。 “worth”意为“值……的，有……的价值的”，其后接名词、代词、数词或动词-ing 形式，而不能接动词不定式。它在句中一般作表语，不能单独使用。常用的句式如下。 （1）“主语+be+worth+动词-ing 形式+……”。句子的主语就是动词-ing 形式的逻辑宾语。 The Museum of Fine Arts is worth visiting. 美术博物馆值得参观。 The film is definitely worth seeing. 这部电影确实值得一看。 （2）“It（形式主语）+be+worth+动词-ing 形式+……”。 Is it worth reading the book? 这本书值得读吗？ 【注意】： 一般来说，“worth”前面可用“well”、“really”、“very much”、“hardly”、“easily”等词语 修饰，但一般不用“very”修饰。 This is really worth doing. 这确实值得一做。 He has something very much worth saying. 他有些话很值得讲出来。 【注意】：
①worthy"常用于be worthy of+n."句型。 be worthy of note/attention/consideration/support/praise 值得注意/考虑/支持/表扬 ②"worthwhile”常用于It is worthwhile to do/doingsth."句型。 It is worthwhile to recall a few important facts. 值得回想一些重要的事实。 "otherwise”是一个常用词，也是一个多义词。在不同的语境中，"otherwise" 的含义和用法有着很大的差异。现将它的用法归纳如下。 (1)"otherwise”用作连词时，意为"否则，要不然"，相当于or”、"or else”"或f not"。 We'll go early,otherwise we may not get a seat. 我们得早点去，要不然就没有座位了。 Seize the chance,otherwise youwill regret it. 抓住机会，要不然你会后悔的。 (2)“otherwise”用作副词时，具有下列意义。 ①意为“另外，别样"，相当于differently或"'in another way"。 He evidently thinks otherwise. 他显然有不同的想法。 She is otherwise engaged. 她另外有事。 ②意为“在其他方面”，相当于"in otheror different ways"。 The rent is high,but otherwise the houseis satisfactory. 房租是贵，可这房子在别的方面倒令人满意。 The article is long,but not otherwise blameworthy. 这篇文章就是长，其他倒没什么不好。 ③意为"相反地，要不然，否则”，相当于"in theother way”或"on the contrary'。 He is guilty until proved otherwise
① “worthy”常用于“be worthy of +n.”句型。 be worthy of note/attention/consideration/support/praise 值得注意/考虑/支持/表扬 ② “worthwhile”常用于“It is worthwhile to do/doing sth.”句型。 It is worthwhile to recall a few important facts. 值得回想一些重要的事实。 “otherwise ”是一个常用词，也是一个多义词。在不同的语境中，“otherwise ” 的含义和用法有着很大的差异。现将它的用法归纳如下。 （1）“otherwise”用作连词时，意为“否则，要不然”，相当于“or”、“or else”或“if not”。 We'll go early, otherwise we may not get a seat. 我们得早点去，要不然就没有座位了。 Seize the chance, otherwise you will regret it. 抓住机会，要不然你会后悔的。 （2）“otherwise”用作副词时，具有下列意义。 ① 意为“另外，别样”，相当于“differently”或“in another way”。 He evidently thinks otherwise. 他显然有不同的想法。 She is otherwise engaged. 她另外有事。 ② 意为“在其他方面”，相当于“in other or different ways”。 The rent is high, but otherwise the house is satisfactory. 房租是贵，可这房子在别的方面倒令人满意。 The article is long, but not otherwise blameworthy. 这篇文章就是长，其他倒没什么不好。 ③ 意为“相反地，要不然，否则”，相当于“in the other way”或“on the contrary”。 He is guilty until proved otherwise