老子论道 The Taoist System of Lao Zi
老子简介 老子，姓李名耳字伯阳，谥曰聃，约生活在春秋末年（公元前 580年~500年)，《史记》载“楚苦县厉乡曲仁里人” (今安微毫州市涡阳县闸北郑店-一说为河南鹿邑)。老子 曾担任“周藏室之史”，深懂周朝的图书典籍，学问渊博， 见周王室衰微，弃官西去，至函谷关遇见关令尹喜。尹喜请 求他著书，“于是老子乃著书上下篇，言道德之意，五千余 言，而去”，最终成了隐士，“莫知所终”(《史记》)。 《道德经》：道经37章，德经44章. 《庄子天运》：“孔子行年五十有一，而不闻道，乃南之沛， 见老聃。”孔子尝谓弟子曰：“鸟，吾知其能飞；鱼，吾 如其能游：兽，吾知其能走。至于龙吾不能知，其乘风 云而上天。吾今日见老子，其犹见龙耶。" 孔子和老子的结合使中国哲学得以驶向正轨
引言：横空出“道” 一、道体论The Tao as Ontological Being l.1道是万物的本原The Tao is the origin of all things 1.2道生万物The Tao begets all things 1.3道的物质性The Tao is materialistic 二、道法论The Tao as the Dialectic Law 1.2对立统一The Law of Unity of Opposites 2.2否定之否定The Law of Negation of Negation 2.3质量转换The Law of Conversion between Quality and Quantity 三、道用论The Tao as a Practical Guide to Worldly Affairs 3.1人生观An Outlook upon Life 3.2政治观The Tao embodied in Politics 四、道隐无名五、尊道贵德 六、修身真德七、大道不肖
引言：横空出“道” 「道德經」：第一章 道可道非常道；名可名非常名。 无名天地之始；有名万物之母。 故， 常无欲以观其妙；常有欲以观其徼。 此两者同出而异名。 同谓之玄，玄之又玄，众妙之门。 徼，jiao,边界，引申为端倪
不同的句读，不同的理解 道可道，非常道：名可名，非常名。 无名，天地之始；有名，万物之母。 故， 常无欲，以观其妙 常有欲，以观其徼。 此两者 同出而异名。 同谓之玄，玄之又玄，众妙之门。 --James Legge
可道，非常道；名，可名，非常名。 无 名天地之始；有，名万物之母。 常无，欲以观其妙 常有，欲以观其徼。 此两者 同出而异名 同谓之玄，玄之又玄，众妙之门。 -辜正坤、任继愈
英译评析 道可道，非常道；名可名，非常名。 The Tao that can be trodden, is not the enduring and unchanging Tao. The name that can be named, is not the enduring and unchanging name. tread(trod,trodden):walk 可道”≠can be trodden;应是：can be utterable/said/told 常，恒久；长久不变[constant,fixed;invariable;eternal;unvarying]
无名，天地之始；有名，万物之母。 (Conceived of as)having no name,it is the Originator of heaven and earth; (conceived of as)having a name,it is the Mother of all things. 辜正坤： 无，名天地之始；有，名万物之母 The Nothingness is the name of the beginning of heaven and earth; The Being is the name of the mother of all things
故常无欲，以观其妙；常有欲，以观其徼。 Always without desire we must be found, If its deep mystery we would sound; But if desire always within us be, Its outer fringe is all that we shall see. 英译虽然朗朗上口，但意义难明！ 问题(1)“有欲”、“无欲”与整个文义不合 (2)“以”：用？“其”：指代？ 辜正坤 故常无，欲以观其妙；常有，欲以观其徼。 Hence one should gain a insight into the beginning of the Tao by constantly observing the Nothingness; And should perceived the end of the Tao by constantly observing the Being
此两者同，出而异名。 同谓之玄，玄之又玄，众妙之门。 Under these two aspects,it is really the same; but as development takes place,it receives the different names. Together we call them the Mystery. Where the Mystery is the deepest is the gate of all that is subtle and wonderful. 玄：神妙难捉摸，深奥[mystic;profound;abstruse] 问题：“常有”、“常无”怎么会“同”？