第二章Chapter2 中国历史与社会 The History and Society of China
第二章 Chapter 2 中国历史与社会 The History and Society of China
内容提要 Essentials 1.中国的早期历史与文明 The Early History and Civilization of China 2.孔子及其影响 Confucius and His Influence 3.古代中国的强盛与衰落 The Rise and Fall of Ancient China 4.中国社会的现代转型 The Modern Transition of Chinese Society
内容提要 Essentials 1.中国的早期历史与文明 The Early History and Civilization of China 2.孔子及其影响 Confucius and His Influence 3.古代中国的强盛与衰落 The Rise and Fall of Ancient China 4.中国社会的现代转型 The Modern Transition of Chinese Society
中国的早期历史与文明 The Early History and Civilization of China
中国的早期历史与文明 The Early History and Civilization of China
读前思考Pre-reading Questions 1.中国早期的文明和文化是如何发展起来 的？ How did the early civilization and culture of China grow? 2.你知道甲骨文和青铜器吗？它们的用 途是什么？ Have you ever heard of甲骨文 (inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells)or 青铜(bronzes)?What are their functions?
读前思考 Pre-reading Questions 1. 中国早期的文明和文化是如何发展起来 的？ How did the early civilization and culture of China grow? 2.你知道甲骨文和青铜器吗？它们的用 途是什么？ Have you ever heard of 甲骨文 (inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells) or 青铜(bronzes)? What are their functions?
中国的史前文明 China's Archeology and Mythology in Pre- history 北京房山周口店北京人遗址博物馆 Zhoukoudian Site Museum of Peking Man in Fangshan,Beijing
中国的史前文明 China’s Archeology and Mythology in Prehistory 北京房山周口店北京人遗址博物馆 Zhoukoudian Site Museum of Peking Man in Fangshan, Beijing
中国是世界上最早的文明发源地之一。早在170万年前，中国大地上 就开始有人类的活动，这就是生活在今天云南境内的“元谋猿人” The Chinese civilization is one of the earliest in the world,with human activity recorded as far back as 1 700 000 years ago in modern day Yunnan Province,nicknamed "Yuanmou Man. 20世纪20年代，北京西南周口店一带发现了很多古人类的头盖骨化 石和牙齿化石，经过鉴定，这些古人类生活在距今40到50万年前。考 古学家把这些古人类叫做“北京人”。 In the 1920s an archeological discovery in the southwestern suburbs of Beijing near Zhoukoudian uncovered a large amount of fossilized skulls and teeth that upon inspection were verified as dating from 400 000 to 500 000 years in the past.Archeologists gave this ancient human culture the name "Peking Man
中国是世界上最早的文明发源地之一。早在170万年前，中国大地上 就开始有人类的活动，这就是生活在今天云南境内的“元谋猿人”。 The Chinese civilization is one of the earliest in the world, with human activity recorded as far back as 1 700 000 years ago in modern day Yunnan Province, nicknamed “Yuanmou Man”. 20世纪20年代，北京西南周口店一带发现了很多古人类的头盖骨化 石和牙齿化石，经过鉴定，这些古人类生活在距今40到50万年前。考 古学家把这些古人类叫做“北京人”。 In the 1920s an archeological discovery in the southwestern suburbs of Beijing near Zhoukoudian uncovered a large amount of fossilized skulls and teeth that upon inspection were verified as dating from 400 000 to 500 000 years in the past. Archeologists gave this ancient human culture the name “Peking Man
从北京猿人到新石器时代末期，也就是从四五十万年前到四五千 年前之间，中国的史前文明以仰韶文化、龙山文化为代表 From the time of Peking Man to the late Neolithic Age,a period of time that stretched from 4-5 000000 to 4-5 000 years in the past,Yangshao and Longshan cultures represented the prehistoric civilization. > 现在你可能会听到很多关于那个时候的传说故事，但在历史学家 眼中，这些传说故事并不是真正的历史事实。实际上，黄帝只是 传说中的远古英雄人物，代表着中国人的祖先，是中华民族的 个文化符号。 Nowadays,you may have heard some of the myths from that period.Naturally,historians do not take these stories on face value.However characters such as the Yellow Emperor,a hero from ancient times who merely represents Chinese ancestry, have grown to become important symbols of Chinese culture
从北京猿人到新石器时代末期，也就是从四五十万年前到四五千 年前之间，中国的史前文明以仰韶文化、龙山文化为代表。 From the time of Peking Man to the late Neolithic Age,a period of time that stretched from 4–5 000 000 to 4–5 000 years in the past, Yangshao and Longshan cultures represented the prehistoric civilization. 现在你可能会听到很多关于那个时候的传说故事，但在历史学家 眼中，这些传说故事并不是真正的历史事实。实际上，黄帝只是 传说中的远古英雄人物，代表着中国人的祖先，是中华民族的一 个文化符号。 Nowadays, you may have heard some of the myths from that period. Naturally, historians do not take these stories on face value. However characters such as the Yellow Emperor, a hero from ancient times who merely represents Chinese ancestry, have grown to become important symbols of Chinese culture
甲骨文和青铜器 Inscriptions on Bones or Tortoise Shells and Bronzes 我们在商的都 城中找到了很多刻 着各种符号和图形 的动物骨骼，有牛 的肩胛骨和龟的腹 甲等，经过文字学 家的研究，这些符 号和图形就是最早 的汉字，叫做“甲 骨文”。这样算起 来，汉字至少有 河南安阳殷墟出土的甲骨文 3000 Inscriptions on oracle bones unearthed from Yin 名年的历中 Ruins of Anyang,Henan Province
甲骨文和青铜器 Inscriptions on Bones or Tortoise Shells and Bronzes 河南安阳殷墟出土的甲骨文 Inscriptions on oracle bones unearthed from Yin Ruins of Anyang, Henan Province 我们在商的都 城中找到了很多刻 着各种符号和图形 的动物骨骼，有牛 的肩胛 骨和龟的腹 甲等，经过文字学 家的研究，这些符 号和图形就是最早 的汉字，叫做“甲 骨文”。这样算起 来，汉字至少有 3000 多年的历史
甲骨文和青铜器 Inscriptions on Bones or Tortoise Shells and Bronzes At the site of the Shang capital we have found many animal bones such as cow blade bones and tortoise shells that bore various markings and symbols.After much research it was discovered that these carvings are indeed the earliest known form of Chinese characters,known as jiaguwen 甲骨文(inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells).Their discovery tells us that Chinese characters have a history of some 3 000 years. 河南安阳殷墟出土的甲骨文 Inscriptions on oracle bones unearthed from Yin Ruins of Anyang,Henan Province
甲骨文和青铜器 Inscriptions on Bones or Tortoise Shells and Bronzes 河南安阳殷墟出土的甲骨文 Inscriptions on oracle bones unearthed from Yin Ruins of Anyang, Henan Province At the site of the Shang capital we have found many animal bones such as cow blade bones and tortoise shells that bore various markings and symbols. After much research it was discovered that these carvings are indeed the earliest known form of Chinese characters, known as jiaguwen 甲骨文(inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells). Their discovery tells us that Chinese characters have a history of some 3 000 years
青铜器一一爵、鼎、尊 Bronze vessels Jue,Ding,Zun
青 铜 器 — — 爵、鼎 、尊 Bronze vessels Jue, Ding, Zun