第八章Chapter8 近现代中国与西方文明 China in Modern Times and Western Civilization
第八章Chapter 8 近现代中国与西方文明 China in Modern Times and Western Civilization
内容提要 正德厚生臻于至善。 Essentials 1.近代中国开眼看世界的第一批人物及其著作 Modern China's First Batch of Figures Learning from the Outside World and Their Works 2.近代中国向西方学习的曲折与变迁 The Complication and Turns of Learning from the West in Modern China 3.五四运动以后西方文明对中国人的影响 Influence of Western Civilization on Chinese After the May Fourth Movement
内容提要 Essentials 1. 近代中国开眼看世界的第一批人物及其著作 Modern China’s First Batch of Figures Learning from the Outside World and Their Works 2. 近代中国向西方学习的曲折与变迁 The Complication and Turns of Learning from the West in Modern China 3. 五四运动以后西方文明对中国人的影响 Influence of Western Civilization on Chinese After the May Fourth Movement
正德厚生臻于至善。 近代中国开眼看世界的 第一批人物及其著作 Modern China's First Batch of Figures Learning from the Outside World and Their Works 址
近代中国开眼看世界的 第一批人物及其著作 Modern China’s First Batch of Figures Learning from the Outside World and Their Works
正德厚生臻于至善。 读前思考Pre-reading Questions 你知道近代中国向西方学习的代表人物都有哪些？ 他们做了哪些努力，取得了什么样的成就？ Do you know who are the representatives in learning from the West in modern China?And what diligence did they try?What kind of achievements did they make?
读前思考 Pre-reading Questions 你知道近代中国向西方学习的代表人物都有哪些？ 他们做了哪些努力，取得了什么样的成就？ Do you know who are the representatives in learning from the West in modern China? And what diligence did they try? What kind of achievements did they make?
正德厚生臻于至善。 从1840年的鸦片战争开始，中国的大门被西方列强用武力 强行打开。中国与欧美列强签订了一系列不平等条约，一 向自认为“天朝上国”的清政府面临着崩溃的命运。中国 沿海和长江中下游地区基本上对外开放，外国人在中国获 得了内陆旅行和传教的自由。同时公使驻京和租界的出现， 也便利了西方文化和信息的渗透。 Starting with the Opium War in 1840,China's door to the West was once again opened with force.During the years to come China was forced into signing various unfair treaties with Western powers,leading many to conclude that the Qing government was causing the destruction of the mighty "Heavenly Kingdom.Certain cities along China s coast opened-up to the West and allowed foreigners to trade and preach.At the same time small areas of the capital city were acated to foreign residents and jurisdiction
从1840年的鸦片战争开始，中国的大门被西方列强用武力 强行打开。中国与欧美列强签订了一系列不平等条约，一 向自认为“天朝上国”的清政府面临着崩溃的命运。中国 沿海和长江中下游地区基本上对外开放，外国人在中国获 得了内陆旅行和传教的自由。同时公使驻京和租界的出现， 也便利了西方文化和信息的渗透。 Starting with the Opium War in 1840, China’s door to the West was once again opened with force. During the years to come China was forced into signing various unfair treaties with Western powers, leading many to conclude that the Qing government was causing the destruction of the mighty “Heavenly Kingdom”. Certain cities along China’ s coast opened-up to the West and allowed foreigners to trade and preach. At the same time small areas of the capital city were allocated to foreign residents and jurisdiction
正德厚生臻于至善。 另一方面，中国的统治者和知识分子从战败中看 到了中国与西方列强在各个方面的差距，开展了 一场“引进西方之物，学习西方之学”的洋务运 动。在这样的背景下，中外文化交流更加频繁， 形式更加多样。 On the other hand,such defeats forced Chinese elites to view the East-West gap in greater focus and with this a push to learn from the West was set in motion
另一方面，中国的统治者和知识分子从战败中看 到了中国与西方列强在各个方面的差距，开展了 一场“引进西方之物，学习西方之学”的洋务运 动。在这样的背景下，中外文化交流更加频繁， 形式更加多样。 On the other hand, such defeats forced Chinese elites to view the East-West gap in greater focus and with this a push to learn from the West was set in motion
正德厚生臻于至善。 魏源与《海国图志》 19世纪的最后几十年里，鸦片战争的失败使中国一部分 知识分子认识到，中国在很多方面存在不足，这批知识分 子成为中国向西方学习的先驱。他们著书立说，向中国普 通民众介绍西方国家，宣传西方文化，其中魏源的《海国 图志》影响较大。 In the last decades of the 19th century many Chinese intellectuals came to the conclusion that China lagged far behind the West.It was these intellectuals who formed the pioneers of studying the West and they took it upon themselves to disseminate knowledge of the West among ordinary Chinese.One such work that was to have a significant impact was the Haiguo Tuzhi (Illustrated Survey of Foreign Nations)by Wei Yuan /(1794-1857)
魏源与《海国图志》 19世纪的最后几十年里，鸦片战争的失败使中国一部分 知识分子认识到，中国在很多方面存在不足，这批知识分 子成为中国向西方学习的先驱。他们著书立说，向中国普 通民众介绍西方国家，宣传西方文化，其中魏源的《海国 图志》影响较大。 In the last decades of the 19th century many Chinese intellectuals came to the conclusion that China lagged far behind the West. It was these intellectuals who formed the pioneers of studying the West and they took it upon themselves to disseminate knowledge of the West among ordinary Chinese. One such work that was to have a significant impact was the Haiguo Tuzhi (Illustrated Survey of Foreign Nations) by Wei Yuan (1794–1857)
正德厦生缕手至善。 >鸦片战争爆发前，林则徐主 持汇编了《四洲志》一书，、记 述了世界五天洲30多个国家的 地理和历史。 >Before the Opium War Lin Zexu oversaw the editing of Sizhou Zhi(Survey of the Four Continents),an account of the geography and history of the world outside China。 林则徐像 Portrait of Lin Zexu 魏源在《四洲志》的基础上写成《海国图志》 From Sizhou Zhi Wei Yuan went on to write his own account of foreign lands and finished the Haiguo Tuzhi (hereafter HGTZ)
林则徐像 Portrait of Lin Zexu 鸦片战争爆发前，林则徐主 持汇编了《四洲志》一书，记 述了世界五大洲30多个国家的 地理和历史。 Before the Opium War Lin Zexu oversaw the editing of Sizhou Zhi(Survey of the Four Continents), an account of the geography and history of the world outside China。 魏源在《四洲志》的基础上写成《海国图志》。 From Sizhou Zhi Wei Yuan went on to write his own account of foreign lands and finished the Haiguo Tuzhi (hereafter HGTZ)
◇系统介绍了世界各国的情况，包括 各国宗教、历法等情况。 ◇It went much further than Lin’s book in introducing the religion,laws and customs of different nations. ◆全书地图、图片与文字并重，并提 出了“师夷长技以制夷”的主张， 希望通过学习西方的先进科技，来 打败当时的西方列强，实现国家富 强。 The theme running throughout is one of "mastering barbarian techniques in order to control the barbarian,in other words,by familiarizing themselves with Western methods,the Chinese could eventually gain the upper hand
系统介绍了世界各国的情况，包括 各国宗教、历法等情况。 It went much further than Lin’s book in introducing the religion, laws and customs of different nations. 全书地图、图片与文字并重，并提 出了“师夷长技以制夷”的主张， 希望通过学习西方的先进科技，来 打败当时的西方列强，实现国家富 强。 The theme running throughout is one of “mastering barbarian techniques in order to control the barbarian”, in other words, by familiarizing themselves with Western methods, the Chinese could eventually gain the upper hand
◇书中引用了古今中外近百 种资料，系统地介绍了西 方各国的地理、历史、政 治状况和许多先进科学技 术。 ◇Employing over100 different sources,the HGTZ covered history, politics,geography as well as various technological innovations
书中引用了古今中外近百 种资料，系统地介绍了西 方各国的地理、历史、政 治状况和许多先进科学技 术。 Employing over 100 different sources, the HGTZ covered history, politics, geography as well as various technological innovations