精品课程生理学习题库 Cardiovascular System Instructions: Select the single best answer to the numbered question. Heart As A Pur即 Question #1 Indicate whether the following statement is true or false. Calcium release from the SR contributes more to cardiac contraction than inflow of Ca++across the A.True B.False Question#2 Calcium reval from the cytoplasm after conraction of the cardu is: A.Dependent on the T-type calciun channel B.Regulated by phospholamban C.Augmented by the dihydropyridine receptor D.b&c Question#3 Indicate whether the following statement is true or false. The Frank-Starling Relationship partially explains how cardiac output can be stabilized in a patient after a modest mvocardial infarction. A.True B.False Question4 Indicate whether the following statement is true or false. Ventricular filling starts during isometric relaxation. A.True
精品课程生理学习题库 Cardiovascular System Instructions: Select the single best answer to the numbered question. Heart As A Pump Question # 1 Indicate whether the following statement is true or false. Calcium release from the SR contributes more to cardiac contraction than inflow of Ca++ across the sarcolemma. A. True B. False -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 2 Calcium removal from the cytoplasm after contraction of the myocardium is: A. Dependent on the T-type calcium channel B. Regulated by phospholamban C. Augmented by the dihydropyridine receptor D. b & c -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 3 Indicate whether the following statement is true or false. The Frank-Starling Relationship partially explains how cardiac output can be stabilized in a patient after a modest myocardial infarction. A. True B. False -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 4 Indicate whether the following statement is true or false. Ventricular filling starts during isometric relaxation. A. True
B.False Which of the folloing factors increase preload?A.Inereased blood volu B.Horizontal posture or negative intrapleural pressure C.Increased sympathetic tone to veins D.Skeletal auscle muscular activity E all of the above Answer: 1.A2.B3.A4.B5.E The Arterial System A reduction in arterial results in: A.a rise in systolic arterial pressure but a reduction in mean arterial pressure. B.a rise in systolic and in mean arterial pressure. C.a rise in systolic but no significant change in mean arterial pressure. D.a rise in systolic and an even greater rise in diastolic arterial pressure Question #2 Which is increased by an increase in total peripheral resistance in an old arteriosclerotic individual: omly C.Both of the above D.Neither of the above Question 3 hich is/are increased by a two-fold increase in heart rate simltaneous with a 25 reduction in stroke A Mean arterial pressure only B.Pulse pressure only C.Both of the above
B. False -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 5 Which of the following factors increase preload? A. Increased blood volume B. Horizontal posture or negative intrapleural pressure C. Increased sympathetic tone to veins D. Skeletal muscle muscular activity E. all of the above -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Answer： 1.A 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.E The Arterial System Question # 1 A reduction in arterial compliance results in: A. a rise in systolic arterial pressure but a reduction in mean arterial pressure. B. a rise in systolic and in mean arterial pressure. C. a rise in systolic but no significant change in mean arterial pressure. D. a rise in systolic and an even greater rise in diastolic arterial pressure. E. a fall in systolic but a rise in diastolic arterial pressure. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 2 Which is increased by an increase in total peripheral resistance in an old arteriosclerotic individual: A. Mean arterial pressure only B. Pulse pressure only C. Both of the above D. Neither of the above -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 3 Which is/are increased by a two-fold increase in heart rate simultaneous with a 25% reduction in stroke volume? A. Mean arterial pressure only B. Pulse pressure only C. Both of the above
D.Neither of the above Question# Increases in arterial capacitance and stroke volume will affect the pulse pressure in opposite directions: A.True B.False Question#5 A sudden rise in cardiac ouput ouldelevate the mean arterial pressure of a person ith reduced arterial capacitance more rapidly than it would in a normal person. A.True B.False The venous side of the circulation is characterized by A low pressure B.low resistance to flow C.large volume capacity. D.rich sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation E.all of the above except D. Question#7 In general,it can be said that: A the volume capacity of the aorta is high because of its great distensibility B.blood volume apacity is highest at the veins,cross sectional area is greatest at the capillaries and resistance to flow is greatest at the arterioles. C.blood velocity is sinilar in all parts of the bed. D.blood pressure drops from aorta to capillaries,then rises at the level of the venules. E All of the above except A. Previous Question Next Question Question #8 The arterial side of the circulation is characterized by
D. Neither of the above -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 4 Increases in arterial capacitance and stroke volume will affect the pulse pressure in opposite directions: A. True B. False -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 5 A sudden rise in cardiac output would elevate the mean arterial pressure of a person with reduced arterial capacitance more rapidly than it would in a normal person. A. True B. False -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 6 The venous side of the circulation is characterized by A. low pressure B. low resistance to flow. C. large volume capacity. D. rich sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation E. all of the above except D. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 7 In general, it can be said that: A. the volume capacity of the aorta is high because of its great distensibility. B. blood volume capacity is highest at the veins, cross sectional area is greatest at the capillaries, and resistance to flow is greatest at the arterioles. C. blood velocity is similar in all parts of the bed. D. blood pressure drops from aorta to capillaries, then rises at the level of the venules. E. All of the above except A. Previous Question Next Question -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 8 The arterial side of the circulation is characterized by
A.turbulent blood flow. B.hi pressure. C.high resistance to flow D.small volume capacity. E.All of the above except A. Question#9 The following is/are correct regarding the structure and composition of the vascular bed A.aortic capacity is highest because of the large concentration of elastin. B.blood volume is greatest in the veins,cross sectional area is greatest at the capillaries,and resistance to flow is greatest at the arterioles. C.blood velocity decreases in the smaller vessels. D.blood pressure drops from aorta to capillaries,then rises at the level of the venules E.B.and C. Question#10 The pressure pulse in the root of the aorta is: A.narrower than the peripheral pulse. B characterized by aore pronounced dicrotic notch than ouldbe found in the peripheral vessels C.identical to the pulse in the periphery. D.characterized by a lower frequency than the peripheral pulse. Question 11 Select the single best answer to the numbered question Mean pressure is approximately equal to: A.systolic pressure-diastolic pressure B.systolic pressure diastolic pressure C.diastolic pressure+1/3 systolic pressure D.1/3 (systolic pressure diastolic pressure) E none of these Answer: 1.C2.C3.A4.A5.A6.E7.B8.E9.E10.B1l.E Hemodynamics
A. turbulent blood flow. B. high pressure. C. high resistance to flow. D. small volume capacity. E. All of the above except A. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 9 The following is/are correct regarding the structure and composition of the vascular bed: A. aortic capacity is highest because of the large concentration of elastin. B. blood volume is greatest in the veins, cross sectional area is greatest at the capillaries, and resistance to flow is greatest at the arterioles. C. blood velocity decreases in the smaller vessels. D. blood pressure drops from aorta to capillaries, then rises at the level of the venules. E. B. and C. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 10 The pressure pulse in the root of the aorta is: A. narrower than the peripheral pulse. B. characterized by a more pronounced dicrotic notch than would be found in the peripheral vessels. C. identical to the pulse in the periphery. D. characterized by a lower frequency than the peripheral pulse. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 11 Select the single best answer to the numbered question. Mean pressure is approximately equal to: A. systolic pressure - diastolic pressure B. systolic pressure + diastolic pressure C. diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure D. 1/3 (systolic pressure - diastolic pressure) E. none of these --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Answer： 1.C 2.C 3.A 4.A 5.A 6.E 7.B 8.E 9.E 10.B 11.E Hemodynamics
Question# The total resistance through a parallel set of3 tubes,of resistance 5,10,and 20 units,respectively A.0.35 units B.2.9 units C.3.5 units D.35 units E29 units Question#2 If you measure the change in pressure in a subject's scalp and in her ankle during the time that she stands up: A the arterial pressure in the ankle,would increase more than the venous pressure B.due to the cardiac acceleration,the easured pressures oud rise in both the scalp and the ankle C.the driving pressure across the leg and the head would increase by the same amount D.the flow through the artery would increase by more than the flow through the vein because the blood flows down hill in the artery. E.none of these Question#3 Constriction of vessel 'C"would increase the filtration of fluid from vessels BI through B4. Question#4 Constriction of vessel"A"would have the same effect on total flow through this network as constriction of vessel "C".but would have the opposite effect on filtration from the B vessels. A.True B.False Question#5 Assumming that all of the "B"vessels below are identical,renoval of one of them would be expected to:
Question # 1 The total resistance through a parallel set of 3 tubes, of resistance 5, 10, and 20 units, respectively is: A. 0.35 units B. 2.9 units C. 3.5 units D. 35 units E. 29 units -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 2 If you measure the change in pressure in a subject's scalp and in her ankle during the time that she stands up: A. the arterial pressure in the ankle, would increase more than the venous pressure. B. due to the cardiac acceleration associated with standing, the measured pressures would rise in both the scalp and the ankle C. the driving pressure across the leg and the head would increase by the same amount D. the flow through the artery would increase by more than the flow through the vein because the blood flows down hill in the artery. E. none of these -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 3 Constriction of vessel "C" would increase the filtration of fluid from vessels B1 through B4. A. True B. False -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 4 Constriction of vessel"A" would have the same effect on total flow through this network as constriction of vessel "C", but would have the opposite effect on filtration from the B vessels. A. True B. False -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 5 Assumming that all of the "B" vessels below are identical, removal of one of them would be expected to:
Aincrease the flow through the network by33 B.increase the network resistance by 33% C.lower the filtration coefficient of the network D.A and B E.B and C Question#6 When linear velocity of flow in a blood vessel is 100 cm/sec and the volume flow is 200 ml/sec.the cross-sectional area is: A.300cm2 B.100cm2 C 0.5 cm2 D2.0c配 E.none of these Question#7 Select the single best answer to the numbered question. Given laminar flow of a Newtonian fluid through a cylindrical tube with a fixed driving pressure,if the radius is doubled,flow will A.double. B.remain unchanged. C.quadruple D.increase 16-fold Eincrease 8-fold. Question #8 Red blood cells have a relatively small effect on the viscosity of blood in arterioles due to their biconcave disc shape. A Irue B.False Question 9 The total force exerted on the semilunar valves by the pressure of the blood would be doubled if the diameter of the valve were doubled. A.True
A. increase the flow through the network by 33% B. increase the network resistance by 33% C. lower the filtration coefficient of the network D. A and B E. B and C -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 6 When linear velocity of flow in a blood vessel is 100 cm/sec and the volume flow is 200 ml/sec , the cross-sectional area is: A. 300 cm2 B. 100 cm2 C. 0.5 cm2 D. 2.0 cm2 E. none of these -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 7 Select the single best answer to the numbered question. Given laminar flow of a Newtonian fluid through a cylindrical tube with a fixed driving pressure, if the radius is doubled, flow will: A. double. B. remain unchanged. C. quadruple D. increase 16-fold. E. increase 8-fold. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 8 Red blood cells have a relatively small effect on the viscosity of blood in arterioles due to their biconcave disc shape. A. True B. False -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 9 The total force exerted on the semilunar valves by the pressure of the blood would be doubled if the diameter of the valve were doubled. A. True
B.False Question#10 The driving pressure for a given segent of the circulation is the difference between the input pressure and output pressure to the segment. A.True B.False Question#11 Blood is thicker than water mainly because of the semi gel nature of the plasma proteins in the body. A True B.False Question#12 The velocity of the red cells is usually faster than the velocity of the plasaa in the microvessels A.True B.False Question 13 If a Newtonian fluid is flowing through a constriction in a circular pipe,which of the following is A.the velocity of the fluid increases as the fluid exits the constriction. B.the pressure measured by a catheter inserted into the lumen at the constriction would be lower than the pressure measured at the entrance to the constriciton. c.the velocity through the constriction would vary with the 4th power of the radius of the tube. D.the total energy of the fluid would increase as the fluid accelerates through the constriction. Question 14 If the cardiac output is 6L/min and the arterial pressure is 120mm Hg,then the capillary pressure must be two aillimeters of mercury. A.True B.False
B. False -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 10 The driving pressure for a given segment of the circulation is the difference between the input pressure and output pressure to the segment. A. True B. False -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 11 Blood is thicker than water mainly because of the semi gel nature of the plasma proteins in the body. A. True B. False -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 12 The velocity of the red cells is usually faster than the velocity of the plasma in the microvessels. A. True B. False -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 13 If a Newtonian fluid is flowing through a constriction in a circular pipe, which of the following is true? A. the velocity of the fluid increases as the fluid exits the constriction. B. the pressure measured by a catheter inserted into the lumen at the constriction would be lower than the pressure measured at the entrance to the constriciton. C. the velocity through the constriction would vary with the 4th power of the radius of the tube. D. the total energy of the fluid would increase as the fluid accelerates through the constriction. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 14 If the cardiac output is 6L/min and the arterial pressure is 120 mm Hg, then the capillary pressure must be two millimeters of mercury. A. True B. False --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question#15 Two vessels with equal resistances are connected in series,and the inflow and outflow pressures are fixed.If the resistances of both doubled,the betee th be doubled. A.True B.False Which of the following are true about turbulence? A It is less likely to occur at a low flow than at a high flow. B.For a given flow,turbulence would be more likely to occur in a large vessel than in a saall vessel. C.Turbulence is more likely to occur with a high viscosity fluid than with a low viscosity fluid. D.Turbulence is noiser than laminar flow. E.A.and D Question #17 In the figure below,which of the curves would likely be the correct description of a distensible vessel? A picture B.picture C.picture D.picture E.picture Select the single best answer to the numbered question. Shear rate can affect the viscosity of the blood. A.True B.False Question#19 Examine the drawing below,and choose the correct answer regarding pressures that might be measured in the tube (assume that there are no frictional losses along the length of the tube). A.PI P2
Question # 15 Two vessels with equal resistances are connected in series, and the inflow and outflow pressures are fixed. If the resistances of both vessels are doubled, the pressure at a point midway between them would be doubled. A. True B. False -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 16 Which of the following are true about turbulence? A. It is less likely to occur at a low flow than at a high flow. B. For a given flow, turbulence would be more likely to occur in a large vessel than in a small vessel. C. Turbulence is more likely to occur with a high viscosity fluid than with a low viscosity fluid. D. Turbulence is noiser than laminar flow. E. A, and D -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 17 In the figure below, which of the curves would likely be the correct description of a distensible vessel? A. picture B. picture C. picture D. picture E. picture -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 18 Select the single best answer to the numbered question. Shear rate can affect the viscosity of the blood. A. True B. False -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 19 Examine the drawing below, and choose the correct answer regarding pressures that might be measured in the tube (assume that there are no frictional losses along the length of the tube). A. P1 < P2
B.PI P2 C.PI P2 Question#20 Examine the figure below and answer the questions regarding the pressures. A.P2>P3 B.P3 P2 C.P2 =P3 D.can't say Question #21 The shear stress in an artery is greater next to the the wall than at the center of the vessel A.True B.False Answer: 1.B2.E3.A4.A5.E6.D7.D8.B9.B10.A 11.B12.A13.B14.B15.B16.E17.A18.A19.A20.B 21.A The Microcirculation-Part 1 Question Which one of the following statements is true: a The higher the molecular weight of a substance the more readily it diffuses across the capillary B Capillary surface area does not influence the amount of substance which diffuses dom a concentration gradient. C.For a given nolecular size,lipid insoluble substances diffuse nore readily than lipid soluble substances. D.The transport of small solutes across the capillary wall cannot be described in terns of physical 1aw8. E.None are true Question #2 Under physiological conditions capillary exchange is controlled primarily by:
B. P1 > P2 C. P1 = P2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 20 Examine the figure below and answer the questions regarding the pressures. A. P2 > P3 B. P3 > P2 C. P2 = P3 D. can't say -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 21 The shear stress in an artery is greater next to the the wall than at the center of the vessel. A. True B. False ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Answer： 1.B 2.E 3.A 4.A 5.E 6.D 7.D 8.B 9.B 10.A 11.B 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.B 16.E 17.A 18.A 19.A 20.B 21.A The Microcirculation - Part 1 Question # 1 Which one of the following statements is true: A. The higher the molecular weight of a substance the more readily it diffuses across the capillary. B. Capillary surface area does not influence the amount of substance which diffuses down a concentration gradient. C. For a given molecular size, lipid insoluble substances diffuse more readily than lipid soluble substances. D. The transport of small solutes across the capillary wall cannot be described in terms of physical laws. E. None are true. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 2 Under physiological conditions capillary exchange is controlled primarily by:
A.altered capillary permeability. B.altered plas oncotic pressure C.altered vascular smooth muscle contraction. D.altered tissue hydrostatic pressure. E.altered lymphatic drainage. Question #3 Given that:1=tissue oncotic pressure.2=plasma oncotic pressure,3=plasma hydrostatic pressure 4=tissue hydrostatic pressure,the best statement for the net driving force for capillary filtration is (Hint:think about the forces involved): A.(3-2)-(4-1) B.（4-2)-(3-1 c3-1-4-2 D2-3)-1-40 E.none of the above. Question 4 The conditions in the blood capillaries are ideal for diffusional exchange because intracapillary pressure is higher than arteriolar pressure. B.the small diameter of capillaries permits red cell skimming. C.the ratio of capillary surface/capillary volume is largest and blood velocity is minimun D.of the low capillary flow resistance due to their small total cross-sectional area. E pinocytosis is minimal in endothelial cells. Which one of the following would not be expected to influence lymph flow: A.Muscular activity. B.Starvation. C.A similar increase in precapillary and postcapillary resistance Stimlation of the sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerves. E.An infusion of isotonic saline. Question#6 In which one of the following pairs of words are the pairs least related: A Protein-Van't Hoffs Law
A. altered capillary permeability. B. altered plasma oncotic pressure. C. altered vascular smooth muscle contraction. D. altered tissue hydrostatic pressure. E. altered lymphatic drainage. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 3 Given that: 1 = tissue oncotic pressure, 2 = plasma oncotic pressure, 3 = plasma hydrostatic pressure, 4 = tissue hydrostatic pressure, the best statement for the net driving force for capillary filtration is (Hint: think about the forces involved): A. (3-2) - (4-1) B. (4-2) - (3-1) C. (3-1) - (4-2) D. (2-3) - (1-4) E. none of the above. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 4 The conditions in the blood capillaries are ideal for diffusional exchange because: A. intracapillary pressure is higher than arteriolar pressure. B. the small diameter of capillaries permits red cell skimming. C. the ratio of capillary surface/capillary volume is largest and blood velocity is minimum. D. of the low capillary flow resistance due to their small total cross- sectional area. E. pinocytosis is minimal in endothelial cells. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 5 Which one of the following would not be expected to influence lymph flow: A. Muscular activity. B. Starvation. C. A similar increase in precapillary and postcapillary resistance. D. Stimulation of the sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerves. E. An infusion of isotonic saline. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question # 6 In which one of the following pairs of words are the pairs least related: A. Protein - Van't Hoffs Law