STATE OF THE WORLD's FORESTs 2003 International forest policy dialogue n the years following the United Nations Facility in bringing about positive change with Conference on environment and regard to capacity building, information sharing Development(UNCED ), ongoing and often and knowledge management is also intensive international debate on forest policy underscored. In conclusion, the chapter issues has taken place. However, the significant highlights the outcomes of the World Summit on ontribution that forests make to the health of Sustainable Development(WSSD)-the he planet and its inhabitants is now undisputed, Johannesburg Declaration and the Plan of securing their place on the international agenda Implementation-which affirm that sustainable for some time to come. With the establishment of forest management is essential to the the United Nations Forum on Forests(UNFF), achievement of sustainable development in attention can now turn to putting words into developed and developing countries alike practice, moving from negotiated text to action on the ground. This transition, however, is UNITED NATIONS FORUM ON marked by challenges as the global community FORESTS seeks to resolve difficult and complex problems In October 2000, the Economic and Social trade Council of the United Nations(ECOSoc) building, the transfer of environmentally sound established UNFF to carry out functions related technology and future international to the management, conservation and sustainable development of all types of forest, The global forest policy dialogue can including elements contained in the UNCED strengthen political will, catalyse action and Forest Principles and in the outputs of the mobilize financial resources, particularly if it Intergovernmental Panel on Forests(IPF)and takes full account of links with other sectors the Intergovernmental Forum on Forests(IFF) through integrated approaches and effective (ECOSOC, 2000). In this regard, UNFF has the partnerships. Ultimately, however, success will following tasks measured by the degree to which countries facilitating and promoting the implement commitments they have made in implementation of the IPF/IFF pro international fora. While progress is for action: encouraging, there is concern that forest issues providing a forum for continued policy are becoming increasingly politicized and that development and dialogue substantive discussions are being overtaken b enhancing cooperation as well as policy and procedural matters programme coordination; This chapter summarizes the results of the first fostering cooperation at the national and second sessions of unfe describes the regional and global levels, Collaborative Partnership on Forests(CPF)and monitoring and assessing progress and,on the CPF Network, explores the relationship nis basis, considering what future action is between the global policy debate on sustainable needed forest management and forest biological strengthening political commitment diversity, and provides updates on international In 2005, UNFF will consider the parameters of conventions and agreements concerning forests. a mandate to develop a legal framework he role of the new National Forest Programme covering all types of forest. At the moment
2003 FORESTS S’WORLD THE OF STATE 42 I Nations United the following years the n and Environment on Conference often and ongoing), UNCED (Development policy forest on debate international intensive significant the, However. place taken has issues of health the to make forests that contribution ,undisputed now is inhabitants its and planet the agenda international the on place their securing of establishment the With. come to time some for ,(UNFF (Forests on Forum Nations United the into words putting to turn now can attention action to text negotiated from moving, practice is, however, transition This. ground the on community global the as challenges by marked problems complex and difficult resolve to seeks capacity, trade, financing as areas such in sound environmentally of transfer the, building international future and technology .arrangements can dialogue policy forest global The and action catalyse, will political strengthen it if particularly, resources financial mobilize sectors other with links of account full takes effective and approaches integrated through will success, however, Ultimately. partnerships countries which to degree the by measured be in made have they commitments implement is progress While. fora international issues forest that concern is there, encouraging that and politicized increasingly becoming are by overtaken being are discussions substantive .matters procedural first the of results the summarizes chapter This the describes, UNFF of sessions second and and) CPF (Forests on Partnership Collaborative relationship the explores, Network CPF the sustainable on debate policy global the between biological forest and management forest international on updates provides and, diversity .forests concerning agreements and conventions Programme Forest National new the of role The with change positive about bringing in Facility sharing information, building capacity to regard also is management knowledge and chapter the, conclusion In. underscored on Summit World the of outcomes the highlights the) – WSSD (Development Sustainable of Plan the and Declaration Johannesburg sustainable that affirm which – Implementation the to essential is management forest in development sustainable of achievement .alike countries developing and developed ON FORUM NATIONS UNITED FORESTS Social and Economic the, 2000 October In (ECOSOC (Nations United the of Council related functions out carry to UNFF established and conservation, management the to ,forest of types all of development sustainable UNCED the in contained elements including the of outputs the in and Principles Forest and) IPF (Forests on Panel Intergovernmental (IFF (Forests on Forum Intergovernmental the the has UNFF, regard this In). 2000, ECOSOC( :tasks following the promoting and facilitating• proposals IFF/IPF the of implementation ;action for policy continued for forum a providing• ;dialogue and development and policy as well as cooperation enhancing• ;coordination programme ,national the at cooperation fostering• ;levels global and regional on, and progress assessing and monitoring• is action future what considering, basis this ;needed .commitment political strengthening• of parameters the consider will UNFF, 2005 In framework legal a develop to mandate a ,moment the At. forest of types all covering forest International dialogue policy
PART I THE SITUATION AND DEVELOPMENTS IN THE FOREST SECTOR financial and technological suppor or 6 however, it is focusing on issues related WSSD to advance sustainable forest management in response to critical issues, such implementing sustainable forest mana as the position of forests on national and international political agendas; the lack of First session: June 2001, New York financing; the need for collaboration with other During the first session, governments sectors;and attention to enhancing the emphasized the significance of UNFF as the conservation, protection and use of forests. This central intergovernmental forum to deliberate first ministerial segment also included a international policy, and welcomed the dialogue with heads of CPF members on their establishment of CPF (see p. 44).After two role and commitment to implementing the IPF weeks of intensive negotiations, it adopted a IFF proposals for action, and a multistakeholder Multi-Year Programme of Work and a Plan of dialogue to discuss the contributions of non- Action for implementing the IPF/IFF proposals governmental groups to implementation of these for action(ECOSOC, 2001) proposals(ECOSOC, 2002) In accordance with UNFF's programme of Second session: March 2002. New York work, the main outcomes focused on lessons During the high-level segment at the second learned and future steps with regard to session,ministers responsible for forests combating deforestation and forest underscored the role of as the primary forum for international forest policy conserving and protecting unique types of deliberations. In their declaration they invited forest and fragile ecosystems Canadian Environmental Network identifies IPF/IFF priorities for implementation in Canada he Forest Caucus of the Canadian Environmental Network .integrated national policies, economic instruments and consists of more than 100 environmental NGOs. As part of mechanisms to support sustainable forest management consultations for unFF- 2. Natural Resources canada funded nd to address deforestation and forest degradation; a workshop at which the Forest Caucus analysed and priori- the establishment of a network of representative protecte tized the IPF and IFF proposals for action for implementation in Canada. The group ranked those of greatest interest in .forest-related international development assistance to terms of opportunities for new commitments and any addi- support bottom-up, participatory approaches to forest tional effort required. On this basis, the groups priorities are: a national forest programme that incorporates the con- . transparent international trade negotiations that are ac- servation and sustainable use of forest resources and countable to civil society: forest revenue collection systems and examination of the policies and mechanisms to reform forest tenure, includ- relationship of land tenure with deforestation and forest ing access to and use of forest resources by local and The Canadian Environmental Network is now developing data collection on the value of all forest goods and ser- a work plan to present to the National Forest Strategy Coali- vices and on the environmental and social impact of tion as it prepares Canadas National Forest Strategy for the hanges in forest use; period 2003 to 200
43 SECTOR FOREST THE IN DEVELOPMENTS AND SITUATION THE I PART to related issues on focusing is it, however for support technological and financial .management forest sustainable implementing York New, 2001 June: session First governments, session first the During the as UNFF of significance the emphasized deliberate to forum intergovernmental central the welcomed and, policy international two After). 44. p see (CPF of establishment a adopted it, negotiations intensive of weeks of Plan a and Work of Programme Year-Multi proposals IFF/IPF the implementing for Action .(2001, ECOSOC (action for York New, 2002 March: session Second second the at segment level-high the During forests for responsible ministers, session primary the as UNFF of role the underscored policy forest international for forum invited they, declaration their In. deliberations forest sustainable advance to WSSD such, issues critical to response in management and national on forests of position the as of lack the; agendas political international other with collaboration for need the; financing the enhancing to attention and; sectors This. forests of use and protection, conservation a included also segment ministerial first their on members CPF of heads with dialogue /IPF the implementing to commitment and role multistakeholder a and, action for proposals IFF these of implementation to groups governmentalnon of contributions the discuss to dialogue .(2002, ECOSOC (proposals of programme s’UNFF with accordance In lessons on focused outcomes main the, work :to regard with steps future and learned forest and deforestation combating• ;degradation of types unique protecting and conserving• ;ecosystems fragile and forest Network Environmental Canadian the of Caucus Forest The of part As. NGOs environmental 100 than more of consists funded Canada Resources Natural, 2-UNFF for consultations implementation for action for proposals IFF and IPF the tizedpriori and analysed Caucus Forest the which at workshop a in interest greatest of those ranked group The. Canada in :are priorities s’group the, basis this On. required effort tionaladdi any and commitments new for opportunities of terms and resources forest of use sustainable and servationcon the incorporates that programme forest national a• ;values and local by resources forest of use and to access inginclud, tenure forest reform to mechanisms and policies• ;communities indigenous of impact social and environmental the on and vicesser and goods forest all of value the on collection data• ;use forest in changes and instruments economic, policies national integrated• management forest sustainable support to mechanisms ;degradation forest and deforestation address to and protected representative of network a of establishment the• ;areas to assistance development international related-forest• forest to approaches participatory, up-bottom support ;management ;society civil to countableac are that negotiations trade international transparent• the of examination and systems collection revenue forest• forest and deforestation with tenure land of relationship .degradation developing now is Network Environmental Canadian The the for Strategy Forest National s’Canada prepares it as tionCoali Strategy Forest National the to present to plan work a .2008 to 2003 period Canada in implementation for priorities IFF/IPF identifies Network Environmental Canadian
STATE OF THE WORLDs FORESTs 2003 rehabilitating and restoring degraded lands 10 percent of the worlds forests now fall and promoting natural and planted forests within protected forest areas(FAO, 2001); concepts, terms and definitions the involvement of local communities in Agreement was also reached on criteria for forest planning and management is growing reviewing the effectiveness of the international Now that UNFF has met twice, it should be in arrangement on forests at the fifth session of a better position to allow for rich exchanges of UNFF in 2005 experience on implementing proposals for action Despite its best efforts, however, UNFF-2 was so that countries can learn from one another. unable to agree on terms of reference for ad hoc UNFF therefore has significant potential for expert groups on three subjects: monitoring developing solutions, generating strong polit assessment and reporting; the financing and commitment and strengthening partnerhi tical transfer of environmentally sound technologies and the parameters of a mandate to develop a COLLABORATIVE PARTNERSHIP ON legal framework covering all types of forest. FORESTS Discussions will continue at UNFF-3, from 26 CPF was launched in April 2001 to support the May to 6 June 2003, in Geneva, Switzerland work of UNFF and to enhance cooperation and coordination among cpf members on forest- Looking back and moving forward related issues. It was created in response to an Since UNCED, the international policy dialogue invitation from ECOSOC to the heads of relevant has brought forest issues to the forefront and rganizations, institutions and instruments at aised awareness of the significant contributions the time UNFF was established in October 2000 that forests make to the health of the planet CPF is chaired by FAO and serviced by the and its inhabitants. In addition to Secretariat of UNFF environmental services, their roles in sustaining Based on the high-level, informal Inter-Agenc velihoods, contributing to food security and Task Force on Forests which supported IPF and reducing poverty are increasingly being IFE CPF continues the tradition of teamwork through an informal and voluntary arrangement. IPF and IFF provided the forest community Where the mandates of individual organ nizations with an opportunity to build trust, confidence are complementary, members collaborate on and consensus in the aftermath of the polarized specific activities related to the work of UNFE debate of more than ten years ago. With a firm CPF reports annually to UNFF on its progress commitment to move from dialogue to action, and plans, with a document entitled CPF UNFF is embarking on the next critical phase. framework to support the work of the UINFF While While translating words into practice remains a CPF takes into account the guidance it receives constant challenge, current trends on the from unff each member is accountable to its encouraging. For example own governing body with regard to priority more than 100 countries have revised activities, work programmes and budge national forest policies and developed expenditure. If the partnership is to function national forest programmes, taking into tively, it is therefore critical for national account the need for wide participation and governments, through their various ministries, linkages with other sectors; to send consistent messages to the governing 150 countries are involved in international bodies of all member organizations concerning initiatives concerning criteria and indicators their involvement in and contribution to CPF for sustainable forest management The notion of teamwork and comparative areas under official forest management advantage is relatively new in the global arena, plans have increased to 88 percent in and the forest sector is leading the way in many developed countries and some 6 percent in respects. Major intergovernmental fora, including developing countries(FAO, 2001) WSSD and the sixth Conference of the parties
2003 FORESTS S’WORLD THE OF STATE 44 lands degraded restoring and rehabilitating• ;forests planted and natural promoting and .definitions and terms, concepts• for criteria on reached also was Agreement international the of effectiveness the reviewing of session fifth the at forests on arrangement .2005 in UNFF was 2-UNFF, however, efforts best its Despite hoc ad for reference of terms on agree to unable ,monitoring: subjects three on groups expert and financing the; reporting and assessment ;technologies sound environmentally of transfer a develop to mandate a of parameters the and .forest of types all covering framework legal 26 from, 3-UNFF at continue will Discussions .Switzerland, Geneva in, 2003 June 6 to May forward moving and back Looking dialogue policy international the, UNCED Since and forefront the to issues forest brought has contributions significant the of awareness raised planet the of health the to make forests that to addition In. inhabitants its and sustaining in roles their, services environmental and security food to contributing, livelihoods being increasingly are poverty reducing .recognized community forest the provided IFF and IPF confidence, trust build to opportunity an with polarized the of aftermath the in consensus and firm a With. ago years ten than more of debate ,action to dialogue from move to commitment .phase critical next the on embarking is UNFF a remains practice into words translating While the on trends current, challenge constant :example For. encouraging are ground revised have countries 100 than more• developed and policies forest national into taking, programmes forest national and participation wide for need the account ;sectors other with linkages international in involved are countries 150• indicators and criteria concerning initiatives ;management forest sustainable for management forest official under areas• in percent 88 to increased have plans in percent 6 some and countries developed ;(2001, FAO (countries developing fall now forests s’world the of percent 10• ;(2001, FAO (areas forest protected within in communities local of involvement the• .growing is management and planning forest in be should it, twice met has UNFF that Now of exchanges rich for allow to position better a action for proposals implementing on experience .another one from learn can countries that so for potential significant has therefore UNFF political strong generating, solutions developing .partnerships strengthening and commitment ON PARTNERSHIP COLLABORATIVE FORESTS the support to 2001 April in launched was CPF and cooperation enhance to and UNFF of work an to response in created was It. issues relatedforest on members CPF among coordination relevant of heads the to ECOSOC from invitation at instruments and institutions, organizations .2000 October in established was UNFF time the the by serviced and FAO by chaired is CPF .UNFF of Secretariat Agency-Inter informal, level-high the on Based and IPF supported which Forests on Force Task teamwork of tradition the continues CPF, IFF .arrangement voluntary and informal an through organizations individual of mandates the Where on collaborate members, complementary are .UNFF of work the to related activities specific progress its on UNFF to annually reports CPF CPF entitled document a with, plans and While. UNFF the of work the support to framework receives it guidance the account into takes CPF its to accountable is member each, UNFF from priority to regard with body governing own budget and programmes work, activities function to is partnership the If. expenditure national for critical therefore is it, effectively ,ministries various their through, governments governing the to messages consistent send to concerning organizations member all of bodies .CPF to contribution and in involvement their comparative and teamwork of notion The ,arena global the in new relatively is advantage many in way the leading is sector forest the and including, fora intergovernmental Major. respects Parties the of Conference sixth the and WSSD
PART I THE SITUATION AND DEVELOPMENTS IN THE FOREST SECTOR 45 COP-6)to the Convention on Biological Diversity CBD)(see p. 49), are taking note of CPFs achievements and are making reference to it in CPF members some of their decisions. In addition to the cpf Framework, CPF produced a policy document outlining its objectives and operating modalities It also supported a number of country-led Center for International Forestry Research(CIFOR) initiatives and established a focal agency system Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO) to carry out joint responsibilities and activities, all International Tropical Timber Organization(ITTO) within one year of its establishment Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD) CPF acts as a catalyst for national, regional Secretariat of the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and international action, provides expertise and Secretariat of the united Nations Convention to combat information, strengthens political commitment, mobilizes financial resources and networks with Desertification(UNCCD) Secretariat of the United Nations framework Convention on a wide range of partners Climate Change(UNFCCC) United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs CPF Network (DESA Membership of CPF is limited by design, to enable United Nations Development Programme(UNDP) it to work effectively and flexibly. However, United Nations Environment Programme(UNEP) members clearly recognize the important contributions that a variety of groups make to World Agroforestry Centre(ICRAF World Bank sustainable forest management through their World Conservation Union (IUCN) experience,resources and perspectives, which ive enriched the intergovernmental forest policy ialogue to date. To capitalize on these, CPF has established the informal CPF Network, which seeks to involve a broad range of stakeholders in order to enhance CPF's work in supporting UNFE In pa on of the IPF/ Examples of areas in which CPF members are collaborating proposals for action. Additional key functions include strengthening communication among stakeholders and further enhancing collaboration and cooperation among organizations, National forest programmes institutions, instruments and processes working International criteria and indicators proces on forest-related matters. The inaugural meeting Activities to combat illegal logging was held in March 2002. Sessions are organize Guidelines on reduced-impact logging as far as possible, on the margins of major Local communities participation in fire management internation Capacity building and policy development More information on cpf and the cpf Protection of unique types of forest and fragile ecosystems in Network is available on the internet at more than 50 countries www.un.org/esa/sustdev/unffcpf.htm Assistanceto low forest cover countries within the tehran Process Data and information on forests NTERNATIONAL POLICY DEBATE ON Projections and outlook studies FORESTS AND FOREST BIOLOGICAL Guidelines for DIVERSITY Inputs to the reports of the UN Secretary-General to UNFF Forest ecosystems are major reservoirs of Secondment of senior professionals to the UNFF Secretariat biological diversity, supporting 50 to 70 percent of the world's terrestrial species, according to
45 SECTOR FOREST THE IN DEVELOPMENTS AND SITUATION THE I PART Diversity Biological on Convention the to) 6-COP( s’CPF of note taking are), 49. p see) (CBD( in it to reference making are and achievements CPF the to addition In. decisions their of some document policy a produced CPF, Framework .modalities operating and objectives its outlining led-country of number a supported also It system agency focal a established and initiatives all, activities and responsibilities joint out carry to .establishment its of year one within regional, national for catalyst a as acts CPF and expertise provides, action international and ,commitment political strengthens, information with networks and resources financial mobilizes .partners of range wide a Network CPF enable to, design by limited is CPF of Membership ,However. flexibly and effectively work to it important the recognize clearly members to make groups of variety a that contributions their through management forest sustainable which, perspectives and resources, experience policy forest intergovernmental the enriched have has CPF, these on capitalize To. date to dialogue which, Network CPF informal the established in stakeholders of range broad a involve to seeks ,UNFF supporting in work s’CPF enhance to order IFF/IPF the of implementation the particular in functions key Additional. action for proposals among communication strengthening include collaboration enhancing further and stakeholders ,organizations among cooperation and working processes and instruments, institutions meeting inaugural The. matters related-forest on ,organized are Sessions. 2002 March in held was major of margins the on, possible as far as .gatherings forest international CPF the and CPF on information More at Internet the on available is Network .htm.unffcpf/sustdev/esa/org.un.www ON DEBATE POLICY INTERNATIONAL BIOLOGICAL FOREST AND FORESTS DIVERSITY of reservoirs major are ecosystems Forest percent 70 to 50 supporting, diversity biological to according, species terrestrial s’world the of (CIFOR (Research Forestry International for Center• (FAO (Nations United the of Organization Agriculture and Food• (ITTO (Organization Timber Tropical International• (CBD (Diversity Biological on Convention the of Secretariat• (GEF (Facility Environment Global the of Secretariat• Combat to Convention Nations United the of Secretariat• (UNCCD (Desertification on Convention Framework Nations United the of Secretariat• (UNFCCC (Change Climate Affairs Social and Economic of Department Nations United• (DESA( (UNDP (Programme Development Nations United• (UNEP (Programme Environment Nations United• (ICRAF (Centre Agroforestry World• Bank World• (IUCN (Union Conservation World• programmes forest National• processes indicators and criteria International• logging illegal combat to Activities• logging impact-reduced on Guidelines• management fire in participation’ communities Local• development policy and building Capacity• in ecosystems fragile and forest of types unique of Protection• countries 50 than more Process Tehran the within countries cover forest low to Assistance• forests on information and Data• studies outlook and Projections• forests on reporting and assessing, monitoring for Guidelines• UNFF to General-Secretary UN the of reports the to Inputs• Secretariat UNFF the to professionals senior of Secondment• members CPF collaborating are members CPF which in areas of Examples
STATE OF THE WORLDs FORESTs 2003 some estimates. Natural forests in the tropics UNCED Forest Principles and Chapter 11 of are the richest in biological diversity, but are Agenda 21 ("Combating deforestation")as a also the most threatened by deforestation and basis for deliberations. IPF recognized that forest degradation Increased awareness of sustainably managed forests play a valuable part potentially considerable losses of forest in conserving biological diversity, as reflected biological diversity has led to growing demands the large number of proposals for action that for international and national regulatory either directly or indirectly address this issue mechanisms, principles and guidelines to In 2000, after five years of ad hoc discussions, ECOSOC established UNFF to continue policy The forest community has lor ng recognized development, coordinate forest-related action the need to enhance forest resources and enhance international collaboration and facilitate conserve biological diversity in forest implementation of the IPF/IFF proposals for ecosystems. This is shown, for example, by the action(see p. 42) international processes on criteria and Development of the forest component in CBD indicators for sustainable forest management, Although many articles of CBD apply to forest which all consider the conservation of biological ecosystems, the convention itself does not make diversity an essential and integral element of specific mention of forests. Discussions on the sustainability conservation of forest biological diversity within CBD and UNFF are two separate but parallel CBD first started at COP-2, in November 1995.A processes dealing with forests and forest year later, COP-3 recommended that CBD biological diversity. The former addresses the develop a work programme in this regard.At conservation and sustainable use of biological the same time, it also discussed developing a diversity and the fair and equitable sharing of protocol that could obviate the need for a global benefits arising from the use of genetic forest convention a controversial issue debated resources, including those from forest by IPF and later by IFE, on which consensus ecosystems, while the latter looks at the could not be reached management, conservation and sustainable In 1998, COP-4 adopted the CBD Work levelopment of forests on the basis of the rogramme for Forest Biological Diversity, outcomes of UNCED, IPF and IFF Both which focused on research, cooperation and consider their roles complementary and technology development. It established an ad recognize the need to strengthen collaboration. hoc technical expert group on forest biological Other international and regional bodies deal diversity to make further progress on the issues with various aspects of forest biological COP-6, held in April 2002, significantly diversity as well, including FAO, the global increased the scope of CBD forest-related Environment Facility(GEF), the World activities by adopting an expanded Pro Conservation Union(IUCN), the International of Work on Forest Biological Diversity Tropical Timber Organization(ITTO)and the described in the section on forest-related Center for International Forestry Research conventions(see p 49) IFOR), by supporting country activities and inking policy debate to implementation on the Shift from conservation to management within ground CBD Since COP-4 identified forest biological diversity IPF/IFF/UNFF and forest biodiversity as one of its five thematic areas. it has been a The main purpose of IPF(1995-1997)and IFF significant part of the agenda of CBD. Recently, (1997-2000)was to build consensus on the other aspects of forests have been added, management, conservation and sustainable including the harvesting of wood and non-wood development of all types of forest, using the forest products(NWFPs), illegal logging and
2003 FORESTS S’WORLD THE OF STATE 46 tropics the in forests Natural. estimates some are but, diversity biological in richest the are and deforestation by threatened most the also of awareness Increased. degradation forest forest of losses considerable potentially demands growing to led has diversity biological regulatory national and international for to guidelines and principles, mechanisms .trend this reverse recognized long has community forest The and resources forest enhance to need the forest in diversity biological conserve the by, example for, shown is This. ecosystems nine the within countries 150 some of work and criteria on processes international ,management forest sustainable for indicators biological of conservation the consider all which of element integral and essential an diversity .sustainability parallel but separate two are UNFF and CBD forest and forests with dealing processes the addresses former The. diversity biological biological of use sustainable and conservation of sharing equitable and fair the and diversity genetic of use the from arising benefits forest from those including, resources the at looks latter the while, ecosystems sustainable and conservation, management the of basis the on forests of development Both. IFF and IPF, UNCED of outcomes and complementary roles their consider .collaboration strengthen to need the recognize deal bodies regional and international Other biological forest of aspects various with Global the, FAO including, well as diversity World the), GEF (Facility Environment International the), IUCN (Union Conservation the and) ITTO (Organization Timber Tropical Research Forestry International for Center and activities country supporting by), CIFOR( the on implementation to debate policy linking .ground biodiversity forest and UNFF/IFF/IPF IFF and) 1997–1995 (IPF of purpose main The the on consensus build to was) 2000–1997( sustainable and conservation, management the using, forest of types all of development of 11 Chapter and Principles Forest UNCED a as”) deforestation Combating (“21 Agenda that recognized IPF. deliberations for basis part valuable a play forests managed sustainably in reflected as, diversity biological conserving in that action for proposals of number large the .issue this address indirectly or directly either ,discussions hoc ad of years five after, 2000 In policy continue to UNFF established ECOSOC ,action related-forest coordinate, development facilitate and collaboration international enhance for proposals IFF/IPF the of implementation .(42. p see (action CBD in component forest the of Development forest to apply CBD of articles many Although make not does itself convention the, ecosystems the on Discussions. forests of mention specific within diversity biological forest of conservation A. 1995 November in, 2-COP at started first CBD CBD that recommended 3-COP, later year At. regard this in programme work a develop a developing discussed also it, time same the global a for need the obviate could that protocol debated issue controversial a, convention forest consensus which on, IFF by later and IPF by .reached be not could Work CBD the adopted 4-COP, 1998 In ,Diversity Biological Forest for Programme and cooperation, research on focused which ad an established It. development technology biological forest on group expert technical hoc .issues the on progress further make to diversity significantly, 2002 April in held, 6-COP related-forest CBD of scope the increased Programme expanded an adopting by activities – Diversity Biological Forest on Work of related-forest on section the in described .(49. p see (conventions within management to conservation from Shift CBD diversity biological forest identified 4-COP Since a been has it, areas thematic five its of one as ,Recently. CBD of agenda the of part significant ,added been have forests of aspects other wood-non and wood of harvesting the including and logging illegal), NWFPs (products forest
PART I THE SITUATION AND DEVELOPMENTS IN THE FOREST SECTOR forest fires. CBD thus appears to be focusing partnerships. However, it is up to countries to increasingly on the management and use of conserve forest biological diversity at the forest resources rather than on biological national level, as no outside organization can diversity in forest ecosystems per se undertake this, any more than it can halt In the course of this process, the debate has at deforestation. times been confusing. For example, the use of The Secretariat of CBD is the focal agency such terms in COp-6 documents as"harvesting within CPF for forest-related traditional of forest biodiversity","management of forest knowledge. COP-6 called on the CBD and"forest biodiv Secretariat to facilitate the coordination and oroducts"leaves the impression that diversity is cooperation of CPF members in implementing synonymous with resources. This is clearly not the CBD expanded programme of work and the the case, inasmuch as resources are managed IPF/IFF proposals for action related to forest and harvested, and products are obtained from biological diversity. It also urged CPF to ne resources. More important, CBD seems to be consider the CBD Secretariat as the focal point moving far away from its own definition of for forest biological diversity and CPF accepted biological diversity as"the variability among this request Another shift is the increasing reliance of The ecosystem approach and sustainable parties on international organizations to support forest management implementation of decisions and to assist with Amid growing confusion, calls are being made national reporting. There are growing to clarify the relationship between an ecosystem expectations that CPF assume a larger role in approach on the one hand, and sustainable this regard, a trend that has also emerged in forest management on the other. In essence, unFF deliberations while there are both differences and similarities they are mutually supportive rather than Role of cpf contradictory concepts, with sustainable forest As already noted, CPF was established to support management encompassing the principles of the the work of UNFF and to enhance collaboration ecosystem approach. among its members on forest-related issues Sustainable forest management refers to Consistent with this mandate, UNFF invited CPF meeting present needs for forest goods and to support its Multi-Year Programme of Work services, while ensuring their continued and Plan of Action, especially with regard to availability in the long term. The concept implementing the IPF/IFF proposals for action. combines the production of wood and NWFPs Soon after, COP-6 to CBD invited CPF to support with the conservation of soil, water and the expanded Programme of Work on Forest biological diversity, while the socio-economic, Biological Diversity cultural and spiritual values of forests are While CPF is a voluntary partnership that maintained or enhanced. The conservation of receives guidance from UNFF, it is not an biological diversity thus constitutes an essential implementing agency, as CPF members operate and integral element of sustainable forest individually under their own mandates, work management, as recognized in all international programmes and budgets, which are approved criteria and indicators processes y their respective governing bodies Still CPf CBd defines the ecosystem approach as the members can act as catalysts in countries to help integrated management of land, water and implement sustainable forest management. They living resources, which promotes their and other international and bilateral conservation and sustainable use in an equitable organizations can provide assistance and way. Accordingly, forest ecosystems should be technical support, help raise awareness of needs, managed for their intrinsic values and for the advise on strategies and help build capacity and tangible benefits they provide to humans
47 SECTOR FOREST THE IN DEVELOPMENTS AND SITUATION THE I PART focusing be to appears thus CBD. fires forest of use and management the on increasingly biological on than rather resources forest .se per ecosystems forest in diversity at has debate the, process this of course the In of use the, example For. confusing been times harvesting “as documents 6-COP in terms such forest of management”, “biodiversity forest of biodiversity forest “and” diversity biological is diversity that impression the leaves” products not clearly is This. resources with synonymous managed are resources as inasmuch, case the from obtained are products and, harvested and be to seems CBD, important More. resources the of definition own its from away far moving among variability the “as diversity biological .“organisms living of reliance increasing the is shift Another support to organizations international on parties with assist to and decisions of implementation growing are There. reporting national in role larger a assume CPF that expectations in emerged also has that trend a, regard this .deliberations UNFF CPF of Role support to established was CPF, noted already As collaboration enhance to and UNFF of work the .issues related-forest on members its among CPF invited UNFF, mandate this with Consistent Work of Programme Year-Multi its support to to regard with especially, Action of Plan and .action for proposals IFF/IPF the implementing support to CPF invited CBD to 6-COP, after Soon Forest on Work of Programme expanded the .Diversity Biological that partnership voluntary a is CPF While an not is it, UNFF from guidance receives operate members CPF as, agency implementing work, mandates own their under individually approved are which, budgets and programmes CPF Still. bodies governing respective their by help to countries in catalysts as act can members They. management forest sustainable implement bilateral and international other and and assistance provide can organizations ,needs of awareness raise help, support technical and capacity build help and strategies on advise to countries to up is it, However. partnerships the at diversity biological forest conserve can organization outside no as, level national halt can it than more any, this undertake .deforestation agency focal the is CBD of Secretariat The traditional related-forest for CPF within CBD the on called 6-COP. knowledge and coordination the facilitate to Secretariat implementing in members CPF of cooperation the and work of programme expanded CBD the forest to related action for proposals IFF/IPF to CPF urged also It. diversity biological point focal the as Secretariat CBD the consider accepted CPF and diversity biological forest for .request this sustainable and approach ecosystem The management forest made being are calls, confusion growing Amid ecosystem an between relationship the clarify to sustainable and, hand one the on approach ,essence In. other the on management forest ,similarities and differences both are there while than rather supportive mutually are they forest sustainable with, concepts contradictory the of principles the encompassing management .approach ecosystem to refers management forest Sustainable and goods forest for needs present meeting continued their ensuring while, services concept The. term long the in availability NWFPs and wood of production the combines and water, soil of conservation the with ,economic-socio the while, diversity biological are forests of values spiritual and cultural of conservation The. enhanced or maintained essential an constitutes thus diversity biological forest sustainable of element integral and international all in recognized as, management .processes indicators and criteria the as approach ecosystem the defines CBD and water, land of management integrated their promotes which, resources living equitable an in use sustainable and conservation be should ecosystems forest, Accordingly. way the for and values intrinsic their for managed .humans to provide they benefits tangible
STATE OF THE WORLDs FORESTs 2003 Challenges of international debate on forests means of evaluating progress, it also places a and forest biological diversity significant burden on countries In this regard, overlap and possible duplication in UNFF and streamlining forest-related reporting b ays of Some concern has been expressed over the UNFF recently invited CPF to propose CBD activities. One reason for these international organizations and bodies hortcomings may be that the forest community Lack of resources and insufficient capacity for is not reaching out enough to other sectors implementing action proposals is a reality of including the environment sector, which is the CBD and UNFF (as for many other fora most closely involved in CBD-to facilitate a Neither has the means to carry out action apar constructive policy dialogue. Industry and socio- from supporting information exchange and economic groups, for example those further dialogue. Indirectly, CBd has access to representing labour, local communities and funds from gef and in 2001. forests were the indigenous people, have also indicated that they subject of 80 projects-worth more than US$500 lo not feel sufficiently engaged. Another reason million-in its biological diversity portfolio may be that some deem CBD to have a higher Action by countries in response to CBD and status than UNFF. However, while CBD is UNFF commitments needs to be coordinated gally binding, its work programmes are not In and mutually supportive. Integration of the 130 this regard, they have the same status as the activities in the CBD expanded Programme of IPF/IFF proposals for action and UNFF Work on Forest Biological Diversity with the decisions more than 270 IPF/IFF proposals for action CBD has generally acknowledged the work of constitutes a major challenge. Both CBD and IPF, IFF and UNFE, but it is worrying to note that UNFF encourage a cross-sectoral approach to in the CBD negotiations there seems to be a lack national implementation through existing of knowledge of post-UNCED forest discussions frameworks: UNFF through national forest and follow-up action at the international programmes and CBd through national regional and national levels. Awareness of work biological diversity strategies and action plans carried out by international organizations such Nevertheless, according to a stud as FAO, ITTo and Cifor also appears to be commissioned by the global Forest Coalition lacking, even though efforts of these (2002), by March 2002 virtually no integration nizations in pursuit of sustainable f fore had taken place management have entailed an ecosystem While enhancing cooperation, coordination approach over the years and synergy is among the main functions of All post-UNCED fora emphasize a move from UNFE, international discussions on forests seem ialogue to action. However, neither UNFF nor to be increasingly fragmented. As CBD moves CBd has time-bound commitments or targets in beyond its initial focus on conservation to issues ts programme of work, and difficult related to resource management, there i negotiations are beginning to reflect a North/ considerable concern that other bodies, such as South divide again. Both fora spend the United Nations framework Convention on considerable time on procedural matters-for Climate Change(UNFCCC)and the World group on forest biological diversity, following those concerning reforestation and the termination of the first, whereas UNFF must rehabilitation, trade and sustainable forest continue to discuss terms of reference for thre management. If they do so without considering groups on various aspects of sustainable forest activities that are being undertaken by mandated bodies. this will lead to confusion National reporting is yet another sensitive and wasteful duplication, and it could be issue in both fora, because although it provides a counterproductive
2003 FORESTS S’WORLD THE OF STATE 48 forests on debate international of Challenges diversity biological forest and the over expressed been has concern Some and UNFF in duplication possible and overlap these for reason One. activities CBD community forest the that be may shortcomings – sectors other to enough out reaching not is the is which, sector environment the including a facilitate to – CBD in involved closely most those example for, groups economicsocio and Industry. dialogue policy constructive and communities local, labour representing they that indicated also have, people indigenous reason Another. engaged sufficiently feel not do higher a have to CBD deem some that be may is CBD while, However. UNFF than status In. not are programmes work its, binding legally the as status same the have they, regard this UNFF and action for proposals IFF/IPF .decisions of work the acknowledged generally has CBD that note to worrying is it but, UNFF and IFF, IPF lack a be to seems there negotiations CBD the in discussions forest UNCED-post of knowledge of ,international the at action up-follow and work of Awareness. levels national and regional such organizations international by out carried be to appears also CIFOR and ITTO, FAO as these of efforts though even, lacking forest sustainable of pursuit in organizations ecosystem an entailed have management .years the over approach from move a emphasize fora UNCED-post All nor UNFF neither, However. action to dialogue in targets or commitments bound-time has CBD difficult and, work of programme its /North a reflect to beginning are negotiations spend fora Both. again divide South for – matters procedural on time considerable expert establish to whether debating on example expert another established recently CBD. groups following, diversity biological forest on group must UNFF whereas, first the of termination the three for reference of terms discuss to continue forest sustainable of aspects various on groups .management sensitive another yet is reporting National a provides it although because, fora both in issue a places also it, progress evaluating of means ,regard this In. countries on burden significant of ways propose to CPF invited recently UNFF to reporting related-forest streamlining .bodies and organizations international for capacity insufficient and resources of Lack of reality a is proposals action implementing .(fora other many for as (UNFF and CBD apart action out carry to means the has Neither and exchange information supporting from to access has CBD, Indirectly. dialogue further the were forests, 2001 in and, GEF from funds 500$US than more worth – projects 80 of subject .portfolio diversity biological its in – million and CBD to response in countries by Action coordinated be to needs commitments UNFF 130 the of Integration. supportive mutually and of Programme expanded CBD the in activities the with Diversity Biological Forest on Work action for proposals IFF/IPF 270 than more and CBD Both. challenge major a constitutes to approach sectoral-cross a encourage UNFF existing through implementation national forest national through UNFF: frameworks national through CBD and programmes .plans action and strategies diversity biological study a to according, Nevertheless Coalition Forest Global the by commissioned integration no virtually 2002 March by), 2002( .place taken had coordination, cooperation enhancing While of functions main the among is synergy and seem forests on discussions international, UNFF moves CBD As. fragmented increasingly be to issues to conservation on focus initial its beyond is there, management resource to related as such, bodies other that concern considerable on Convention Framework Nations United the World the and) UNFCCC (Change Climate to wish also may), WTO (Organization Trade notably, issues forest on role leading a take and reforestation concerning those forest sustainable and trade, rehabilitation considering without so do they If. management by undertaken being are that activities confusion to lead will this, bodies mandated be could it and, duplication wasteful and .counterproductive
PART I THE SITUATION AND DEVELOPMENTS IN THE FOREST SECTOR 49 Ways forward lies. An example of this type of process is in UNFF is relatively young, as is the CBD place at the regional level in Europe, where the expanded Programme of Work on Forest Ministerial Conference on the protection of Biological Diversity, and the effectiveness of both Forests in Europe and the pan-European to guide action has still to be seen. What are ministerial process"Environment for Europe quired now are innovative approaches, bently developed and adopted a work effective support, and collaboration and programme that defines shared objectives and coordination among partners. Governments actions in the field of biological diversity eed to stress this message when giving advice essential elements of sustainable forest to governing bodies management. This could well serve as a model Recognizing that their work programmes are separate but complementary, the secretariats of UPDATE ON FOREST-RELATED UNFF and CBD are working together to identify INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS AND common areas for action, with a view to AGREEMENTS avoiding duplication. Such efforts are consistent Convention on Biological Diversity with the recommendations made by COP-6 to COP-6 was held in The Hague, the Netherlands CBD and the Workshop on Forests and from 7 to 19 April 2002. Among other decisions, Biological Diversity held in Accra, Ghana in it agreed on an expanded Programme of Work January 2002(UNEP/CBD, 2002). CPF members on Forest Biological Diversity composed of three are also collaborating to support both processes. elements: conservation, sustainable use and Perhaps countries should then agree on one benefit sharing; an enabling institutional and joint programme of work that assembles these socio-economic environment; and knowledge, common elements, and they should ensure assessment and monitoring. It also refers to the effective coordination and implementation at the more specific issues of strategies on in situ and ex national level, where responsibility for action situ conservation, sustainable resource use, the Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe The Fourth Ministerial Conference on the protection of Fo ing into account the CBD expanded Programme of Work ests in Europe will be held in Vienna, Austria from 28 to 30 n Forest Biological Diversity and the UNFF Multi-Year Programme of Work and Plan of Actio pean Community and 42 observer countries and organiza- . topics related to economically viable sustainable forest tions will reaffirm commitments made at previous ministerial management, such as enabling conditions for activities conferences and report on their implementation. Reports and investment, the promotion and marketing of forest will also be presented on the state of forests in Europe and on products and services, and labour issues climate change and sustainable forest management, in- pants will also discuss adoption of the Vienna Declaration, cluding the role of bioenergy and the use of wood prod- drafted as a strong and balanced political statement on the ucts as a substitute for non -renewable resources. sustainable management of European forests. Additional . cultural aspects as an integral component of sustainable agenda items include: pan-European priorities for forest biological diversity, tak-
49 SECTOR FOREST THE IN DEVELOPMENTS AND SITUATION THE I PART forward Ways CBD the is as, young relatively is UNFF Forest on Work of Programme expanded both of effectiveness the and, Diversity Biological are What. seen be to still has action guide to ,approaches innovative are now required and collaboration and, support effective Governments. partners among coordination advice giving when message this stress to need .bodies governing to are programmes work their that Recognizing of secretariats the, complementary but separate identify to together working are CBD and UNFF to view a with, action for areas common consistent are efforts Such. duplication avoiding to 6-COP by made recommendations the with and Forests on Workshop the and CBD in Ghana, Accra in held Diversity Biological members CPF). 2002, CBD/UNEP (2002 January .processes both support to collaborating also are one on agree then should countries Perhaps these assembles that work of programme joint ensure should they and, elements common the at implementation and coordination effective action for responsibility where, level national in is process of type this of example An. lies the where, Europe in level regional the at place of Protection the on Conference Ministerial European-pan the and Europe in Forests “Europe for Environment “process ministerial work a adopted and developed jointly and objectives shared defines that programme as diversity biological of field the in actions forest sustainable of elements essential .model a as serve well could This. management RELATED-FOREST ON UPDATE AND CONVENTIONS INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS Diversity Biological on Convention Netherlands the, Hague The in held was 6-COP ,decisions other Among. 2002 April 19 to 7 from Work of Programme expanded an on agreed it three of composed Diversity Biological Forest on and use sustainable, conservation: elements and institutional enabling an; sharing benefit ,knowledge and; environment economic-socio the to refers also It. monitoring and assessment ex and situ in on strategies of issues specific more the, use resource sustainable, conservation situ 30 to 28 from Austria, Vienna in held be will Europe in estsFor of Protection the on Conference Ministerial Fourth The ministerial previous at made commitments reaffirm will tionsorganiza and countries observer 42 and Community peanEuro the, countries European 43, time that At. 2003 April Reports. implementation their on report and conferences on and Europe in forests of state the on presented be also will ,Declaration Vienna the of adoption discuss also will pantsPartici. levels European-pan and national the at taken action the on statement political balanced and strong a as drafted Additional. forests European of management sustainable :include items agenda Work of Programme expanded CBD the account into ingtak, diversity biological forest for priorities European-pan• Year-Multi UNFF the and Diversity Biological Forest on ;Action of Plan and Work of Programme forest sustainable viable economically to related topics• activities for conditions enabling as such, management forest of marketing and promotion the, investment and ;issues labour and, services and products ;resources renewable-non for substitute a as uctsprod wood of use the and bioenergy of role the cludingin, management forest sustainable and change climate• sustainable of component integral an as aspects cultural• .management forest Europe in Forests of Protection the on Conference Ministerial
STATE OF THE WORLDs FORESTs 2003 need to establish, evaluate and strengthen common objectives contained in national forest protected area networks, forest law enforcement, programmes and national biological diversity national coordination and the need to facilitate strategies and action plans. It requested that the participation of local and indigenous FAO, in collaboration with international and ommunities in the management of protected national partners, continue its work on forest areas related concepts, terms and definitions COP-6 stressed urgent action to safeguard COP-6 requested the Executive Secretary of forests that are threatened and/or that can CBD to establish an ad hoc technical expert contribute to conservation, sustainable use and group to review progress on the work programme, and recognized that new and consider forest biological diversity in additional financial resources were necessary for programmes concerning global forest resources its implementation. assessments, forest fires, climate change and Further information on the decisions and the pollution abatement. It also noted the Programme of Work on Forest Biological importance of linking forest biological diversity Diversity can be found on the Internet at conservation with work on alien species www.biodiv.org/meetings/cop-06.asp During the high-level segment, ministers resolved to"strengthen efforts to put in place Convention to combat desertification measures to halt biodiversity loss, which is In October 2001. 176 countries attended COP-5 taking place at an alarming rate, at the global, to the Convention to Combat Desertification in regional, subregional and national levels, by the Geneva, Switzerland. Building on previous year 2010"(CBD, 2002) sessions that focused on negotiating priorities COP-6 recognized that implementation of the and determining future action, this session work programme should be based on national turned its attention to issues of implementation ties and needs. In particular, it emphasized One of the key decisions w the need for the Secretariat of CBD and parties to establishment of the Committee for the Review it to cooperate with UNFF, CPF and their of the Implementation of the Convention to partners to ensure better implementation of assist the Conference of the parties in determining progress and proposing future action. Deliberations began at its first session in November 2002. Agreement was also reached A fifth regional annex to the Convention increase resources to the secretariat and to the to Combat Desertification Global Mechanism for 2002-2003 With regard to addressing the devastating pact of land degradation in terms of income and lost productive land, participants Regional implementation annexes to the welcomed the May 2001 decision of the council Convention to Combat Desertification of gEf to pursue the designation of land provide on how to prepareand carry degradation as a focal area. Such support then out national, subregional and regional paved the way for the assembly to consider this action programmes. A fifth regional annex focal area in October 2002. Consistent with the for Central and Eastern Europe, adopted in urgent need to raise awareness of this issue, 2000, entered into force in September COP-5 also gave the Committee on Science and 2001, complementing the four annexes Technology the priority task of examining for Africa, Latin America and the carib- to address land degradation, vulnerability and bean, asia and the northern mediterra- rehabilitation in an integrated fashion Many governments have prepared National Action Programmes to reverse desertification
2003 FORESTS S’WORLD THE OF STATE 50 strengthen and evaluate, establish to need ,enforcement law forest, networks area protected facilitate to need the and coordination national indigenous and local of participation the protected of management the in communities .areas safeguard to action urgent stressed 6-COP can that or/and threatened are that forests and use sustainable, conservation to contribute to need the highlighted It. sharing benefit in diversity biological forest consider resources forest global concerning programmes and change climate, fires forest, assessments the noted also It. abatement pollution diversity biological forest linking of importance .species alien on work with conservation ministers, segment level-high the During place in put to efforts strengthen “to resolved is which, loss biodiversity halt to measures ,global the at, rate alarming an at place taking the by, levels national and subregional, regional .(2002, CBD” (2010 year the of implementation that recognized 6-COP national on based be should programme work emphasized it, particular In. needs and priorities to parties and CBD of Secretariat the for need the their and CPF, UNFF with cooperate to it of implementation better ensure to partners forest national in contained objectives common diversity biological national and programmes that requested It. plans action and strategies and international with collaboration in, FAO .definitions and terms, concepts relatedforest on work its continue, partners national of Secretary Executive the requested 6-COP expert technical hoc ad an establish to CBD work the on progress review to group and new that recognized and, programme for necessary were resources financial additional .implementation its the and decisions the on information Further Biological Forest on Work of Programme at Internet the on found be can Diversity .asp.06-cop/meetings/org.biodiv.www Desertification Combat to Convention 5-COP attended countries 176, 2001 October In in Desertification Combat to Convention the to previous on Building. Switzerland, Geneva priorities negotiating on focused that sessions session this, action future determining and .implementation of issues to attention its turned the was decisions key the of One Review the for Committee the of establishment to Convention the of Implementation the of in Parties the of Conference the assist future proposing and progress determining in session first its at began Deliberations. action to reached also was Agreement. 2002 November the to and secretariat the to resources increase .2003–2002 for Mechanism Global devastating the addressing to regard With lost of terms in degradation land of impact participants, land productive lost and income council the of decision 2001 May the welcomed land of designation the pursue to GEF of then support Such. area focal a as degradation this consider to assembly the for way the paved the with Consistent. 2002 October in area focal ,issue this of awareness raise to need urgent and Science on Committee the gave also 5-COP how examining of task priority the Technology and vulnerability, degradation land address to .fashion integrated an in rehabilitation National prepared have governments Many .desertification reverse to Programmes Action the to annexes implementation Regional Desertification Combat to Convention carry and prepare to how on details provide regional and subregional, national out annex regional fifth A. programmes action in adopted, Europe Eastern and Central for September in force into entered, 2000 annexes four the complementing, 2001 .neanMediterra Northern the and Asia, beanCarib the and America Latin, Africa for Convention the to annex regional fifth A Desertification Combat to
PART I THE SITUATION AND DEVELOPMENTS IN THE FOREST SECTOR 51 This is a significant step, enabling affected of permits Member governments submitted countries to inform partners about their efforts more than 50 proposed amendments, including to combat land degradation and about their one to list bigleaf mahogany(Swietenia requirements for international support macrophylla)in Appendix Il. The results of the Further information on the Convention to deliberations can be found on the Internet at Combat Desertification can be found on the www.cites.org/eng/cop/index.shtml Internetatwww.unccd.int/main.php COP-12 also considered reports from two ing th blished at CoP-11 United Nations Framework Convention on one on mahogany and one on bushmeat. Among Climate Change and the kyoto protocol other items the former addressed the effectiveness COP-8 to UNFCCC was held in New Delhi of current and potential Appendix Ill listings three years of intense negotiations on the Kyoto reported on the status of the species in trop cay y India from 23 October to 1 November 2002. After provided an analysis of legal and illegal trade Protocol, and with the signing of the Marrakech America. The working group on bushmeat, Accord in november 2001 discussions are established to address the unsustainable hunting moving from the establishment of rules for of wild animals for their meat, especially in Africa implementation to implementation itself. By ee p 24), reported on factors contributing to the 1 August 2002, 76 countries had ratified the bushmeat crisis and suggested ways in which the Kyoto Protocol, 22 of which are from the international community might deal with the industrialized world and responsible for problem. National legal reform and 36 perent of that group's 1990 carbon dioxide harmonization of laws among countries were emissions. When this figure increases to viewed as important elements in the solution 55 perent, the protocol will enter into force An account of recent developments in the Ramsar Convention on wetlands forest sector in the context of climate change is Unlike most other environmental treaties, the given on p. 25. Documents and decision Ramsar Convention on Wetlands is not part of the reached at COP-8 are on the Internet at www.unfccc.org Convention on international trade in Endangered Species of wild Fauna and Flora COP-12 to the Convention on international Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora(cites)took place in November 2002 in Santiago, Chile. One of the key items discussed was the CITES lists, or Appendices, which come up for review every two and a half years Appendix I prohibits commercial trade in some 0O species threatened with extinction, while Appendix II regulates trade in 4 000 animal and more than 22 000 plant species though a system macrophylla) shown here in Mexico, was included in Appendix I of CITES at COP-12 in November 2002
51 SECTOR FOREST THE IN DEVELOPMENTS AND SITUATION THE I PART affected enabling, step significant a is This efforts their about partners inform to countries their about and degradation land combat to .support international for requirements to Convention the on information Further the on found be can Desertification Combat .php.main/int.unccd.www at Internet on Convention Framework Nations United Protocol Kyoto the and Change Climate ,Delhi New in held was UNFCCC to 8-COP After. 2002 November 1 to October 23 from India Kyoto the on negotiations intense of years three Marrakech the of signing the with and, Protocol are discussions, 2001 November in Accord for rules of establishment the from moving By. itself implementation to implementation the ratified had countries 76, 2002 August 1 the from are which of 22, Protocol Kyoto for responsible and world industrialized dioxide carbon 1990 s’group that of percent 36 to increases figure this When. emissions .force into enter will protocol the, percent 55 the in developments recent of account An is change climate of context the in sector forest decisions and Documents. 25. p on given at Internet the on are 8-COP at reached .org.unfccc.www in Trade International on Convention Flora and Fauna Wild of Species Endangered International on Convention the to 12-COP and Fauna Wild of Species Endangered in Trade in 2002 November in place took) CITES (Flora discussed items key the of One. Chile, Santiago come which, Appendices or, lists CITES the was .years half a and two every review for up some in trade commercial prohibits I Appendix while, extinction with threatened species 900 and animal 000 4 in trade regulates II Appendix system a through species plant 000 22 than more Swietenia (mahogany Bigleaf in here shown), macrophylla Appendix in included was, Mexico in 12-COP at CITES of II 2002 November PATIÑO. F submitted governments Member. permits of including, amendments proposed 50 than more Swietenia (mahogany bigleaf list to one their of results The. II Appendix in) macrophylla at Internet the on found be can deliberations .shtml.index/cop/eng/org.cites.www two from reports considered also 12-COP :11-COP at established were that groups working Among. bushmeat on one and mahogany on one effectiveness the addressed former the, items other ,listings III Appendix potential and current of and trade illegal and legal of analysis an provided tropical in species the of status the on reported ,bushmeat on group working The. America hunting unsustainable the address to established Africa in especially, meat their for animals wild of the to contributing factors on reported), 24. p see( the which in ways suggested and crisis bushmeat the with deal might community international and reform legal National. problem were countries among laws of harmonization .solution the in elements important as viewed Wetlands on Convention Ramsar the, treaties environmental other most Unlike the of part not is Wetlands on Convention Ramsar