Chapter 10 Economic Integration:Customs Unions and Free Trade Areas (经济一体化：关税同盟与自由贸易区) Main points of this chapter: ■the form of economic integration(经济一体化的类型) ■trade-creating customs unions(贸易创造关税同盟) ■trade-diverting customs unions（贸易转移关税同盟) static welfare effects of customs unions (关税同盟的静态福利效应) dynamic benefits from customs unions (关税同盟的动态效益)
1 Chapter 10 Economic Integration: Customs Unions and Free Trade Areas （经济一体化：关税同盟与自由贸易区） Main points of this chapter: the form of economic integration（经济一体化的类型） trade-creating customs unions（贸易创造关税同盟） trade-diverting customs unions（贸易转移关税同盟） static welfare effects of customs unions （关税同盟的静态福利效应） dynamic benefits from customs unions （关税同盟的动态效益）
10.1 introduction economic integration:两个或两个以上的国家或地 区，通过协调，缔结条约或协定，实施共同政策或措施、互 惠互利，以便在经济上联结成一个单一的经济实体。 EU(European Union)1993.11.1 NAFTA(North American Free Trade Area) APEC(Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation) ASEAN(Association of Southeast Asian Nations 2
2 10. 1 introduction economic integration：两个或两个以上的国家或地 区，通过协调，缔结条约或协定，实施共同政策或措施、互 惠互利，以便在经济上联结成一个单一的经济实体。 EU(European Union) 1993.11.1 NAFTA(North American Free Trade Area) APEC(Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation) ASEAN(Association of Southeast Asian Nations )
the form of economic integration Preferential Trade Arrangements(特惠贸易协定) Free Trade Area(自由贸易区) Customs Union(关税同盟) Common Market(共同市场) Economic Union(经济同盟) 3
3 the form of economic integration Preferential Trade Arrangements（特惠贸易协定） Free Trade Area（自由贸易区） Customs Union（关税同盟） Common Market（共同市场） Economic Union（经济同盟）
character Preferential Free Customs Common Economic Trade Trade Union Market Union Arrangements Area No barriers on trade among no yes yes yes yes members Harmonize trade policies no no yes yes yes toward nonmember Free movement of no no no yes yes labor and capital among members Unify the economic no no no no yes policies of members
4 no no no no Preferential Trade Arrangements no no no yes Unify the economic policies of members no no yes yes Free movement of labor and capital among members no yes yes yes Harmonize trade policies toward nonmember yes yes yes yes No barriers on trade among members Economic Union Common Market Customs Union Free Trade Area character
10.2 trade-creating customs unions 贸易创造关税同盟 10.2A trade-creation 贸易创造 10.2B Illustration of a trade-creating customs union 贸易创造关税同盟的说明 Figure 10.1:a trade-creating customs union 5
5 10. 2 trade-creating customs unions 贸易创造关税同盟 10.2A trade-creation 贸易创造 10.2B Illustration of a trade-creating customs union 贸易创造关税同盟的说明 Figure 10.1: a trade-creating customs union
10.3 trade-diverting customs unions 贸易转移关税同盟 10.3 A trade-divertion 贸易转移 10.3B Illustration of a trade-diverting customs union 贸易转移关税同盟的说明 Figure 10.2:a trade-diverting customs union 6
6 10. 3 trade-diverting customs unions 贸易转移关税同盟 10.3 A trade-divertion 贸易转移 10.3B Illustration of a trade-diverting customs union 贸易转移关税同盟的说明 Figure 10.2: a trade-diverting customs union
10.4 B conditions more likely to lead to increased welfare更有可能导致福利增加的条件 >成员国之间以前的贸易壁垒较高。 >成员国与世界其他国家的贸易壁垒较低。 >建立关税同盟的国家数量多，规模大。 >同盟国间经济竞争的程度高于互补的程度。 >同盟成员国间的地理位置较靠近。 >潜在同盟成员国间的贸易和经济交往较多。 7
7 10. 4 B conditions more likely to lead to increased welfare 更有可能导致福利增加的条件 ¾成员国之间以前的贸易壁垒较高。 ¾成员国与世界其他国家的贸易壁垒较低。 ¾建立关税同盟的国家数量多，规模大。 ¾同盟国间经济竞争的程度高于互补的程度。 ¾同盟成员国间的地理位置较靠近。 ¾潜在同盟成员国间的贸易和经济交往较多
10.5 dynamic benefits from customs unions (关税同盟的动态效益) >Increased competition >Economies of scale >Stimulus to investment >Better utilization of economic resources 8
8 10. 5 dynamic benefits from customs unions （关税同盟的动态效益） ¾Increased competition ¾Economies of scale ¾Stimulus to investment ¾Better utilization of economic resources