Chapter 8 Genetic structure in animal population 第八章动物群体的遗传结构 The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in animal populations动物群体的平衡 a Changes in the genetic structure of populations影响平衡和基因频率变化的 因素 Genetic diversity遗传多样性 Species and speciation物种与物种形成
Chapter 8 Genetic structure in animal population 第八章 动物群体的遗传结构 ◼ The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in animal populations 动物群体的平衡 ◼ Changes in the genetic structure of populations 影响平衡和基因频率变化的 因素 ◼ Genetic diversity 遗传多样性 ◼ Species and speciation 物种与物种形成
Population and population genetics 群体与群体遗传学 Population: entire group of organisms of one kind an interbreeding group of plants and animals; the extensive group from which a sample might be taken.群体是由交配和亲子关系相连的个体构成 的集团 Mendelian population: A natural interbreeding unit of sexually reproducing plants or animals sharing a common gene pool孟德尔群体是指能相互交配 以有性方式产生个体的集团
Population and population genetics 群体与群体遗传学 ➢ Population: entire group of organisms of one kind; an interbreeding group of plants and animals; the extensive group from which a sample might be taken. 群体是由交配和亲子关系相连的个体构成 的集团 ➢ Mendelian population: A natural interbreeding unit of sexually reproducing plants or animals sharing a common gene pool.孟德尔群体是指能相互交配 以有性方式产生个体的集团
Population genetics: The branch of genetics that deals with frequencies of alleles and genotypes in breeding population.研究群体的遗传结构及 其变化规律的遗传学就是群体遗传学 Evolution genetics进化遗传学
➢ Population genetics: The branch of genetics that deals with frequencies of alleles and genotypes in breeding population.研究群体的遗传结构及 其变化规律的遗传学就是群体遗传学 ➢ Evolution genetics进化遗传学
The Hardy. Weinberg equilibrium in animal populations动物群体的平衡 Allele frequencies and The hardy-Weinberg equilibrium基因频率与 Hardy- Weinberg 平衡 Calculation of allele frequencies in random breeding populations随机交配群体基因频 率的计算 The Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium for over one locus一个以上座位的平衡
The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in animal populations 动物群体的平衡 ➢ Allele frequencies and The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium 基因频率与Hardy-Weinberg 平衡 ➢ Calculation of allele frequencies in randombreeding populations 随机交配群体基因频 率的计算 ➢ The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for over one locus 一个以上座位的平衡
Allele frequencies and The hardy Weinberg equilibrium 基因频率与 Hardy-Weinberg平衡 Y Allele frequency: The proportion of one allele relative to all alleles at a locus in a population 个群体内某一定等位基因的频率叫做基因频 率,其中A1的频率为 X1=(2Nn+Nn)(2N)=X+x12/2 A2的频率 X2=1-X1=X12/2+X22
Allele frequencies and The HardyWeinberg equilibrium 基因频率与Hardy-Weinberg平衡 ✓ Allele frequency: The proportion of one allele relative to all alleles at a locus in a population 一个群体内某一定等位基因的频率叫做基因频 率，其中A1的频率为： x1 = (2N11+N12)/(2N) = X11+X12/2 A2的频率 x 2 = 1-x1 =X12/2 + X22
Allele frequencies and The hardy. Weinberg equilibrium 基因频率与 Hardy-Weinberg平衡 Ⅹ1=X12 X12=2x 22 The Hardy-Weinberg principle of genetic equilibium describes the relationship between allele frequencies and genotype frequencies under the assumption of random mating. This principle applies to loci with alleles, loci with multiple alleles, and X-linked loci
Allele frequencies and The HardyWeinberg equilibrium 基因频率与Hardy-Weinberg平衡 X11 = x1 2 X12 = 2x1x2 X22 = x2 2 The Hardy-Weinberg principle of genetic equilibium describes the relationship between allele frequencies and genotype frequencies under the assumption of random mating. This principle applies to loci with alleles, loci with multiple alleles, and X-linked loci
Random mating随机交配 这是指在群体中一种性别的任何一个个体 与其相反性别的任一个体交配的机会均等
Random mating随机交配 这是指在群体中一种性别的任何一个个体 与其相反性别的任一个体交配的机会均等
Allele frequencies in loci with multiple alleles 复等位基因的基因频率 般情况: x=xi+(1/2)>X Hardy- Weinberg平衡: X=x2,X=2
Allele frequencies in loci with multiple alleles 复等位基因的基因频率 一般情况： Hardy-Weinberg平衡： xi = Xii +(1/2) ∑Xij i≠j Xii = xi 2 , Xij = 2 xixj
Calculation of allele frequencies in random-breeding populations 随机交配群体基因频率的计算 Co-dominant or in-completed dominant alleles 等显性或不完全显性等位基因 4=(2ni+∑n:)/(2 √ Completed dominant alleles完全显性等位基因 Sex- -linked loci伴性基因频率的计算
Calculation of allele frequencies in random-breeding populations 随机交配群体基因频率的计算 ✓ Co-dominant or in-completed dominant alleles 等显性或不完全显性等位基因 xi = (2nii + ∑nij)/(2n) ✓ Completed dominant alleles 完全显性等位基因 x2 =√ nk /n ✓ Sex-linked loci 伴性基因频率的计算
For example例子 Genotype AA BB CC AB AC BC Total Observed74 0 26 1280 200 Expected720.524.51284 8—7 200 Calculate allele frequencies of A, B, c 求出等位基因A,B,C的频率
For example 例子 Calculate allele frequencies of A, B, C 求出等位基因A, B, C的频率 Genotype AA BB CC AB AC BC Total Observed 74 0 26 12 80 8 200 Expected 72 0.5 24.5 12 84 7 200