EnglishinMechanicalEngineeringUnit 3 Mechanical Machining
English in Mechanical Engineering Unit 3 Mechanical Machining
MAINCONTENTSOFTHECHAPTER?3.1CAD/CAM/CAPP?3.2Flexible Manufacturing System? 3.3 Computer Numerical Control?3.4RailGrinding 3.5Micromachine and Nanomachine
3.1 CAD/CAM/CAPP 3.2 Flexible Manufacturing System 3.3 Computer Numerical Control 3.4 Rail Grinding 3.5 Micromachine and Nanomachine MAIN CONTENTS OF THE CHAPTER
MAINCONTENTSOFTHECHAPTER?31 CAD/CAM/CAPP?3.2Flexible Manufacturing System3.3Computer Numerical Control3.4RailGrinding 3.5Micromachineand Nanomachine
3.1 CAD/CAM/CAPP 3.2 Flexible Manufacturing System 3.3 Computer Numerical Control 3.4 Rail Grinding 3.5 Micromachine and Nanomachine MAIN CONTENTS OF THE CHAPTER
3.1CAD/CAM/CAPP3.1.1Computer-aidedDesign(CAD)3.1.2Computer-aided Manufacturing(CAM)3.1.3Computer-aided Process Planning(CAPP)
3.1.1 Computer-aided Design (CAD) 3.1.2 Computer-aided Manufacturing (CAM) 3.1.3 Computer-aided Process Planning (CAPP) 3.1 CAD/CAM/CAPP
3.1.1Computer-aidedDesign(CAD)?IntroductionComputer-aided design(CAD)can be defined as the use of computersystems to assist in the creation, modification, analysis, or optimizationof a design.The computer systems consist ofthehardware and softwareto performthe specialized designfunctions reguired bytheparticularuserfirm.The CAD hardware typically includes the computer, one or moregraphics display terminals,keyboards, and other peripheral equipment.计算机辅助设计（CAD）可以定义为使用计算机系统来辅助设计的创建、修改、分析或优化。计算机系统由硬件和软件组成，以执行特定用户公司要求的专门设计功能。CAD硬件通常包括计算机、一个或多个图形显示终端、键盘和其他外围设备
Computer-aided design (CAD) can be defined as the use of computer systems to assist in the creation, modification, analysis, or optimization of a design. The computer systems consist of the hardware and software to perform the specialized design functions required by the particular user firm. The CAD hardware typically includes the computer, one or more graphics display terminals, keyboards, and other peripheral equipment. 计算机辅助设计（CAD）可以定义为使用计算机系统来辅助设计的创建、修改、 分析或优化。计算机系统由硬件和软件组成，以执行特定用户公司要求的专门 设计功能。CAD硬件通常包括计算机、一个或多个图形显示终端、键盘和其他 外围设备。 Introduction 3.1.1 Computer-aided Design (CAD)
3.1.1Computer-aidedDesign(CAD)?AdvantagesofCADEasier creation and correction of drawingsBetter visualization of drawings.Database of drawing aidsQuick and convenient design analysisSimulation and testing of designsIncreased accuracy.Improvedfiling
Advantages of CAD Easier creation and correction of drawings Better visualization of drawings. Database of drawing aids. Quick and convenient design analysis. Simulation and testing of designs. Increased accuracy. Improved filing. 3.1.1 Computer-aided Design (CAD)
3.1.2Computer-aidedManufacturing(CAM)?IntroductionComputer-aided manufacturing (CAM) can be defined as the use ofcomputer systems to plan, manage,and control the operations of amanufacturing plant through either direct or indirect computer interfacewiththeplant'sproductionresources.计算机辅助制造（CAM）可以定义为使用计算机系统，通过与工厂生产资源的直接或间接计算机接口，规划、管理和控制制造工厂的操作
Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) can be defined as the use of computer systems to plan, manage, and control the operations of a manufacturing plant through either direct or indirect computer interface with the plant's production resources. 计算机辅助制造（CAM）可以定义为使用计算机系统，通过与工厂生产 资源的直接或间接计算机接口，规划、管理和控制制造工厂的操作。 Introduction 3.1.2 Computer-aided Manufacturing (CAM)
3.1.2Computer-aidedManufacturing(CAM) CAMHierarchyCentralizedManagementFinancialEngineeringProductionMarketing;ManufacturingManufactureAnalysis;Processcontrolaccounting;Design;productionfinancialCADengineeringMachine tools;planningInventory,qualitycontrolRand D;Manufacturingdistribution;material selection;specifications;shipping;financialNCpartdesign drafting;productionmodeling:testingprogramming;control;sales;etctoolingmaintenance
CAM Hierarchy 3.1.2 Computer-aided Manufacturing (CAM)
3.1.2Computer-aidedManufacturing(CAM)NCinComputer-AidedManufacturingComputer managed numerical control is a generic term that encompassesDNC (Direct Numerical Control) and CNC (Computerized NumericalControl).DNC and CNC are methods that distribute programmablecomputing responsibility between a control computer and NC machinetool. Neither system changes the functional characteristics of the NCmachine,instead,each provides a means for communication of processdata and commands outside theNCmachine control loop.计算机管理数控是一个通用术语，包括DNC（直接数控）和CNC（计算机数控）DNC和CNC是在控制计算机和数控机床之间分配可编程计算职责的方法。这两个系统都不会改变数控机床的功能特性：相反，每个系统都提供了一种在数控机床控制回路6之外进行过程数据和命令通信的方法
Computer managed numerical control is a generic term that encompasses DNC (Direct Numerical Control) and CNC (Computerized Numerical Control). DNC and CNC are methods that distribute programmable computing responsibility between a control computer and NC machine tool. Neither system changes the functional characteristics of the NC machine; instead, each provides a means for communication of process data and commands outside the NC machine control loop. 计算机管理数控是一个通用术语，包括DNC（直接数控）和CNC（计算机数控）。 DNC和CNC是在控制计算机和数控机床之间分配可编程计算职责的方法。这两个 系统都不会改变数控机床的功能特性；相反，每个系统都提供了一种在数控机 床控制回路6之外进行过程数据和命令通信的方法。 NC in Computer-Aided Manufacturing 3.1.2 Computer-aided Manufacturing (CAM)
3.1.2Computer-aidedManufacturing(CAM)The cluster concept is essentially an extension of computer management tomorethan onekind of machine.A series ofmachine tools (e.g,those used formilling,boring grinding) are interconnected by a conveying system thatautomatically supplies individual machines with components at the requiredtime.Two levels of control and monitoring become necessary.The individualmachines are controlled with computer managed NC, and the cluster itself ismanaged by a centralized computer coordinating the production output of manyclusters.Again, a hierarchical arrangement becomes evident.集群概念实质上是计算机管理的一个扩展，扩展到多种机器。一系列机床（例如，用于铣削、镗磨的机床）通过一个输送系统相互连接，该系统在需要的时间自动为各个机器提供部件。需要两个级别的控制和监控。单台机器由计算机管理的NC控制，集群本身由一台中央计算机管理，协调多个集群的生产输出。同样，等级安排变得明显
The cluster concept is essentially an extension of computer management to more than one kind of machine. A series of machine tools (e. g, those used for milling, boring grinding) are interconnected by a conveying system that automatically supplies individual machines with components at the required time. Two levels of control and monitoring become necessary. The individual machines are controlled with computer managed NC, and the cluster itself is managed by a centralized computer coordinating the production output of many clusters. Again, a hierarchical arrangement becomes evident. 集群概念实质上是计算机管理的一个扩展，扩展到多种机器。一系列机床（例如，用 于铣削、镗磨的机床）通过一个输送系统相互连接，该系统在需要的时间自动为各个 机器提供部件。需要两个级别的控制和监控。单台机器由计算机管理的NC控制，集群 本身由一台中央计算机管理，协调多个集群的生产输出。同样，等级安排变得明显。 3.1.2 Computer-aided Manufacturing (CAM)