决胜四级-阅读(4) eamen on long voyages salted meat and biscuits. Many of them died of scurvy (tlfi), a disease of the ollen gums, livid white spots on the flesh and general exhaustion. On one occasion in 1535, an English ship arrived in Newfoundland with its crew desperately ill. The men s lives were saved by Iroquois Indians who gave them vegetable leaves to eat. Gradually it came to be realized that scurvy ras caused by some lack in the sailors diet and Captain Cook, on his long voyages of discovery to Australia and New Zealand established the fact tha scurvy could be warded off by the provision of fresh fruit for the sailors. Nowadays it is understood that a diet which contains nothing harmful may yet result in serious disease if certain important elements are missing. These elements are called "vitamins". Quite a number of such substances are known and they are given letters to identify them, A, B, C, D, and so on. Different diseases are associated with deficiencies of particular vitamins. Even a slight lack of Vitamin C, for example, the vitamin most plentiful in fresh fruit and vegetables, is thought to increase significantly our susceptibility (ta k E) to colds and influenza The vitamins necessary for a healthy body are normally supplied by a good mixed diet including a variety of fruit and green vegetables. It is only when people try to live on a very restricted diet, say during extended periods of religious fasting(n), or when trying to lose weight that it is necessary to make special provision to supply the missing vitamins 1. Scurvy is a disease that is provoked by A. salted meat and biscuits B. exhaustion C. want of some essential substances D. lack of fresh vegetables and fruits 2. In the last sentence of Paragraph 1, warded off" could probably be replaced
决胜四级--阅读（4） 1 In the early days of sea travel, seamen on long voyages lived exclusively on salted meat and biscuits. Many of them died of scurvy(坏血病), a disease of the blood which causes swollen gums, livid white spots on the flesh and general exhaustion. On one occasion, in 1535, an English ship arrived in Newfoundland with its crew desperately ill. The men’s lives were saved by Iroquois Indians who gave them vegetable leaves to eat. Gradually it came to be realized that scurvy was caused by some lack in the sailors’ diet and Captain Cook, on his long voyages of discovery to Australia and New Zealand, established the fact that scurvy could be warded off by the provision of fresh fruit for the sailors. Nowadays it is understood that a diet which contains nothing harmful may yet result in serious disease if certain important elements are missing. These elements are called “vitamins”. Quite a number of such substances are known and they are given letters to identify them, A, B, C, D, and so on. Different diseases are associated with deficiencies of particular vitamins. Even a slight lack of Vitamin C, for example, the vitamin most plentiful in fresh fruit and vegetables, is thought to increase significantly our susceptibility(敏感度) to colds and influenza. The vitamins necessary for a healthy body are normally supplied by a good mixed diet, including a variety of fruit and green vegetables. It is only when people try to live on a very restricted diet, say during extended periods of religious fasting(斋戒), or when trying to lose weight, that it is necessary to make special provision to supply the missing vitamins. 1. Scurvy is a disease that is provoked by ____ A. salted meat and biscuits B. exhaustion C. want of some essential substances D. lack of fresh vegetables and fruits 2. In the last sentence of Paragraph 1, “warded off” could probably be replaced
A. got rid of B. killed C avoided d 3. To avoid such disease as scurvy, it's better for us A. not to eat much salted meat B to supplement our diet with various vitamin pills C to have more fresh fruit and vegetables D. to develop a good dietary habit ased on the passage we can safely conclude that if our diet is not comprehensive enough A. vitamin pills are of no avail B. nutritious food might be unhealthy C vegetable leaves can be a good remedy religious fas 5. Which of the following sentences best expresses the central ideal of the passage A Deficiencies of vitamin C may cause serious diseases B. Fresh fruit and green vegetables contain enough nutrition that is necessary for a healthy body. C Vitamins play a vitally important role in people's health D. a good mixed diet normally supplies sufficient vitamins for us
by ____. A. got rid of B. killed C. avoided D. cleared away 3. To avoid such disease as scurvy, it’s better for us ____. A. not to eat much salted meat B. to supplement our diet with various vitamin pills C. to have more fresh fruit and vegetables D. to develop a good dietary habit 4. Based on the passage we can safely conclude that if our diet is not comprehensive enough ____. A. vitamin pills are of no avail B. nutritious food might be unhealthy C. vegetable leaves can be a good remedy D. religious fasting may help out a lot 5. Which of the following sentences best expresses the central ideal of the passage? A. Deficiencies of Vitamin C may cause serious diseases. B. Fresh fruit and green vegetables contain enough nutrition that is necessary for a healthy body. C. Vitamins play a vitally important role in people’s health. D. A good mixed diet normally supplies sufficient vitamins for us
In a society such as the United States or Canada, which has many national, religious and cultural differences, people highly value individualism-the differences among people. Teachers place a lot of importance on the qualities that make each student special. The educational systems in these countries show these values. Students do not memorize information Instead they work individually and find answers themselves. There is often discussion in the classroom. At an early age, students learn to form their own ideas and opinions In most Asian societies by contrast the people have the same language, history and culture. Perhaps for this reason, the educational system in much of the Orient reflets society's belief in group goals and purposes rather than individualism. Children in China, Japan, and Korea often work together and help one another on assignments. In the classroom the teaching methods are often very formal. The teacher lectures, and the students listen. There is not much discussion. Instead the students recite rules or information that they have memorized There are advantages and disadvantages to both of these systems of ducation For example one advantage to the system in Japan is that students there learn much more math and science than american students learn by the end of high school. They also study more hours each day and more days each year than North Americans do. The system is difficult, but it prepares students for a society that values discipline and self control. There is, however, a disadvantage. Memorization is an important learning method in Japanese schools, yet many students say that after an exam, they forget much of the information that they have memorized The advantage of the educational system in North america, on the other hand is that students learn to think for themselves. The system prepares them for a society that values creative ideas. There is, however, a disadvantage. When students graduate from high school, they haven't memorized as many basic rules and facts as students in other countries have 6. The reason why american teachers attach much importance to individualism is that
2 In a society such as the United States or Canada, which has many national, religious, and cultural differences, people highly value individualism—the differences among people. Teachers place a lot of importance on the qualities that make each student special. The educational systems in these countries show these values. Students do not memorize information. Instead, they work individually and find answers themselves. There is often discussion in the classroom. At an early age, students learn to form their own ideas and opinions. In most Asian societies, by contrast, the people have the same language, history, and culture. Perhaps for this reason, the educational system in much of the Orient reflets society’s belief in group goals and purposes rather than individualism. Children in China, Japan, and Korea often work together and help one another on assignments. In the classroom, the teaching methods are often very formal. The teacher lectures, and the students listen. There is not much discussion. Instead, the students recite rules or information that they have memorized. There are advantages and disadvantages to both of these systems of education. For example, one advantage to the system in Japan is that students there learn much more math and science than American students learn by the end of high school. They also study more hours each day and more days each year than North Americans do. The system is difficult, but it prepares students for a society that values discipline and self control. There is, however, a disadvantage. Memorization is an important learning method in Japanese schools, yet many students say that after an exam, they forget much of the information that they have memorized. The advantage of the educational system in North America, on the other hand, is that students learn to think for themselves. The system prepares them for a society that values creative ideas. There is, however, a disadvantage. When students graduate from high school, they haven’t memorized as many basic rules and facts as students in other countries have. 6. The reason why American teachers attach much importance to individualism is that ____
A. they are required to do so B. their students do not memorize information C the United States is a country of multiculture D. their students work individually 7. Which of the following statements applies to Asian methods of education? A. Each child in a classroom draws a different picture B. Students have to find information themselves C. Students are prepared for a society that values discipline D. Teachers serve as a guide in discussion 8. An ideal educational system would be the one that A have more advantages B. is the com bination of western and oriental methods C is based on the Western system D rests on the asian system 9. The author is convinced that A. different educational systems reflect different culture of the societies B. students from Western countries are creative but selfish C Asian students are merely interested in math and science D. there are more advantages to Western system of education than to
A. they are required to do so B. their students do not memorize information C. the United States is a country of multiculture D. their students work individually 7. Which of the following statements applies to Asian methods of education? A. Each child in a classroom draws a different picture. B. Students have to find information themselves. C. Students are prepared for a society that values discipline. D. Teachers serve as a guide in discussion. 8. An ideal educational system would be the one that ____. A. have more advantages B. is the combination of Western and Oriental methods C. is based on the Western system D. rests on the Asian system 9. The author is convinced that ____. A. different educational systems reflect different culture of the societies B. students from Western countries are creative but selfish C. Asian students are merely interested in math and science D. there are more advantages to Western system of education than to
Oriental one 10. The author focuses on A. the differences in methods of education between orient and west B. the advantages and disadvantages to both of the estern and asian educational system C how Asian school systems reflect group goals D. how Western school systems mirror the value of individualism Auctions are public sales of goods, conducted by an officially approved auctioneer. He asks the crowd assem bled in the auction room to make offers or "bids", for the various items on sale. He encourages buyers to bid higher figures, and finally names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods. This is called"knocking down"the goods, for the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a table at which he stands. this is often set on a raised platform called a rostrum(台子) The ancient Romans probably invented sales by auction, and the English word comes from the Latin auction, meaning "increase". The romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war Practically all goods whose qualities vary are sold by auction. Among these are coffee, hides skins, wool, tea, cocoa, furs, spices, fruit and vegetables and wines. Auction sales are also usual for land and property antique furniture pictures rare books, old china and similar works of art. The auctioneer must know fairly accurately the current market values of the oods he is selling and he should be acquainted with regular buyers of such goods. He will not waste time by starting the bidding too low. He will also play on the rivalries among his buyers and succeed in getting a high price by encouraging two business competitors to bid against each other It is largely on his advice that a seller will fix a"reserve"price, that is, a price below which the goods cannot be sold. Even the best auctioneers, however, find it difficult to stop a " knock out", whereby dealers illegally arrange beforehand not to bid
Oriental one 10.The author focuses on ____. A. the differences in methods of education between Orient and West B. the advantages and disadvantages to both of the Western and Asian educational system C. how Asian school systems reflect group goals D. how Western school systems mirror the value of individualism 3 Auctions are public sales of goods, conducted by an officially approved auctioneer. He asks the crowd assembled in the auction room to make offers, or “bids”, for the various items on sale. He encourages buyers to bid higher figures, and finally names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods. This is called “knocking down” the goods, for the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a table at which he stands. This is often set on a raised platform called a rostrum(台子). The ancient Romans probably invented sales by auction, and the English word comes from the Latin auction, meaning “increase”. The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war. Practically all goods whose qualities vary are sold by auction. Among these are coffee, hides, skins, wool, tea, cocoa, furs, spices, fruit and vegetables and wines. Auction sales are also usual for land and property, antique furniture, pictures, rare books, old china and similar works of art. The auctioneer must know fairly accurately the current market values of the goods he is selling, and he should be acquainted with regular buyers of such goods. He will not waste time by starting the bidding too low. He will also play on the rivalries among his buyers and succeed in getting a high price by encouraging two business competitors to bid against each other. It is largely on his advice that a seller will fix a “reserve” price, that is, a price below which the goods cannot be sold. Even the best auctioneers, however, find it difficult to stop a “knock out”, whereby dealers illegally arrange beforehand not to bid
against each other, but nominate one of themselves as the only bidder in the hope of buying goods at extremely low prices. If such a " knock out"comes off, the real auction sale takes place privately afterwards among the dealers The auctioneers services are paid for in the form of a percentage of the price the goods are sold for 11. Auction goods are sold A in a competitive way B at a bargain price C for a higher price offered D. at a moderate price 12. The end of the bidding is calledknocking down"because A. the auctioneer bangs down the table at which he stands with a hammer B. the goods are knocked down by the auctioneer C the rostrum is knocked down at the end of the bidding D. the auctioneer bangs the table with a hammer to end the bidding 13. People can buy the following goods from auction sales except A pelt B. art C. prisoner of war D. property 14.A knock out"is arranged A. to help the auctioneer to sell the goods for a better price B for the purpose to keep the price in the auction room low C to benefit the owners of the goods D. in order to encourage buyers to bid
against each other, but nominate one of themselves as the only bidder, in the hope of buying goods at extremely low prices. If such a “knock out” comes off, the real auction sale takes place privately afterwards among the dealers. The auctioneer’s services are paid for in the form of a percentage of the price the goods are sold for. 11.Auction goods are sold ____. A. in a competitive way B. at a bargain price C. for a higher price offered D. at a moderate price 12. The end of the bidding is called “knocking down” because ____. A. the auctioneer bangs down the table at which he stands with a hammer B. the goods are knocked down by the auctioneer C. the rostrum is knocked down at the end of the bidding D. the auctioneer bangs the table with a hammer to end the bidding 13.People can buy the following goods from auction sales except ____. A. pelt B. art C. prisoner of war D. property 14.A “knock out” is arranged ____. A. to help the auctioneer to sell the goods for a better price B. for the purpose to keep the price in the auction room low C. to benefit the owners of the goods D. in order to encourage buyers to bid
higher figures 15.It can be inferred from the passage that A auction sales were initially conducted in Rome in wartime B. in order to begin the bidding moderately, the auctioneer should be kept informed of current market quotations C the higher prices an auctioneer gets for the goods he sells the more profits he earns for himself D. an auctioneer is often in a rivalry with his buyers As many as one thousand years ago in the Southwest, the Hopi and Zuni tribes of North America were building with adobe--sun baked brick plastered with mud. Their homes looked remarkablly like modern apartment houses. Some were four stories high and contained quarters for perhaps a thousand people along with storerooms for grain and other goods. These buildings were usually put up against cliffs, both to make construction easier and for defense agaisnt enemies. They were really villages in themselves, as later Spanish explorers must have realized since they called them "pueblos, " which is Spanish for town The people of the pueblos raised what are called "the three sisters"-corn bean, and squash (Mi/W). They made excellent pottery and wove marvelous baskets, some so fine that they could hold water. The Southwest has always been a dry country, with water scarce. The Hopi and Zuni brought water from streams to their fields and gardens through irrigation ditches. Water was so important that it played a major role in their religion They developed elaborate ceremonies and religious rituals(ire) to bring rain The way of life of less settled groups was simpler and more strongly nfluenced by nature. Small tribes such as the shoshone and Ute wandered the dry and mountainous lands between the Rocky mountains and the Pacific Ocean They gathered seeds and hunted small animals such as rabbits and snakes. In the Far north the ancestors of today's inuit hunted seals, walruses, and the great whales. they lived right on the frozen seas in shelters called igloos(all ikk)built of blocks of packed snow. When summer came, they fished for Imon and hunted the lordly caribou
higher figures 15.It can be inferred from the passage that ____. A. auction sales were initially conducted in Rome in wartime B. in order to begin the bidding moderately, the auctioneer should be kept informed of current market quotations C. the higher prices an auctioneer gets for the goods he sells the more profits he earns for himself D. an auctioneer is often in a rivalry with his buyers 4 As many as one thousand years ago in the Southwest, the Hopi and Zuni tribes of North America were building with adobe—sun baked brick plastered with mud. Their homes looked remarkablly like modern apartment houses. Some were four stories high and contained quarters for perhaps a thousand people, along with storerooms for grain and other goods. These buildings were usually put up against cliffs, both to make construction easier and for defense agaisnt enemies. They were really villages in themselves, as later Spanish explorers must have realized since they called them “pueblos,” which is Spanish for town. The people of the pueblos raised what are called “the three sisters”—corn, bean, and squash(南瓜). They made excellent pottery and wove marvelous baskets, some so fine that they could hold water. The Southwest has always been a dry country, with water scarce. The Hopi and Zuni brought water from streams to their fields and gardens through irrigation ditches. Water was so important that it played a major role in their religion. They developed elaborate ceremonies and religious rituals(仪式) to bring rain. The way of life of less settled groups was simpler and more strongly influenced by nature. Small tribes such as the Shoshone and Ute wandered the dry and mountainous lands between the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. They gathered seeds and hunted small animals such as rabbits and snakes. In the Far North the ancestors of today’s Inuit hunted seals, walruses, and the great whales. They lived right on the frozen seas in shelters called igloos(圆顶 冰屋) built of blocks of packed snow. When summer came, they fished for salmon and hunted the lordly caribou
The Cheyenne pawnee and Sioux tribes known as the plains Indians lived n the grasslands between the rocky Mountains and the Mississippi River. They hunted the bison, commonly called the buffalo. Its meat was the chief food of these tribes, and its hide was used to make their clothing and the covering of their tents and tepees(圆锥形帐篷). 16.The dwellings of the Hopi and Zuni were A very crowded B. extremely crude C highly advanced D. located on plai 17.The phrase the three sisters"in the second paragraph refers to A important crops B Hopi and Zuni women C handicrafts D. Hopi and Zuni tribes 18. All of the following are mentioned in the passage as lodgings of the early North Americans, except A igloos B tepees C. adobe houses d. log cabins 19. Which of the following statements is NoT TRUE, according to the passage? A. The Plain Indians lived to a great extent on the buffalo B. The life style of each North American Indian tribe was decided by its environment C. The Cheyenne and Sioux tribes lived on the grasslands D. The Hopi and Zuni tribes built their homes against cliffs for the simple reason that they lacked a sense of security
The Cheyenne, Pawnee, and Sioux tribes, known as the Plains Indians, lived on the grasslands between the Rocky Mountains and the Mississippi River. They hunted the bison, commonly called the buffalo. Its meat was the chief food of these tribes, and its hide was used to make their clothing and the covering of their tents and tepees(圆锥形帐篷). 16.The dwellings of the Hopi and Zuni were ____. A. very crowded B. extremely crude C. highly advanced D. located on plains 17.The phrase “the three sisters” in the second paragraph refers to ____. A. important crops B. Hopi and Zuni women C. handicrafts D. Hopi and Zuni tribes 18.All of the following are mentioned in the passage as lodgings of the early North Americans, except ____. A. igloos B. tepees C. adobe houses D. log cabins 19.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE, according to the passage? A. The Plain Indians lived, to a great extent, on the buffalo. B. The life style of each North American Indian tribe was decided by its environment. C. The Cheyenne and Sioux tribes lived on the grasslands. D. The Hopi and Zuni tribes built their homes against cliffs for the simple reason that they lacked a sense of security
20. The best title for the passage might be A. The Hopi and Zuni Tribes B Early North American Societies C Dwellings of the Early North Americans D. The History of the Early North Americans 答案部分 1.答案C。 【参考译文】败血症是一种由于缺乏一些必不可少的物质而引起的 【试题分析】本题要求掌握文章主旨的事实和细节 【详细解答】对于 scurvy(败血症)整个第一段都在介绍其情况,是什么引起它的呢?这 就要求读者对这一段的各细节都准确理解,文中很明确地提到败血症是由于水手的饮食中缺 少一些东西而引起的,而败血症又可通过吃新鲜蔬果而避免,这是否意味着败血症是由于缺 少新鲜蔬果而引起的呢?从字面看,似乎是正确的,有的读者会选D项,但我们仔细理解每 选项及原文,新鲜蔬果为什么能避免败血症,当然是由于其中含有丰富的维生素,从下文 主要讲述的对象一一维生素来看,我们也可猜到,真正引起败血症的是缺乏蔬果中的维生素, 所以C项者是最准确的。 2.答案C。 【参考译文】第一段最后一句中的“ warded off”完全能够用“ avoided”来替换, 【试题分析】本题要求根据上下文判断词汇和短语的意义。 【详细解答】用一个词或短语代替另一个词或短语,也是对词义的考查,通常可以从上下 文来推断,既然败血症的产生原因己被査明,那么通过提供新鲜蔬果败血症当然能被“避免 A项的除掉显然不正确,因为防治败血症可以通过多吃蔬果,但要除掉一种病症却不是那么 简单的事。B项“杀死”,这与A项意思基本相似,也是不正确的。C项“避免”这与原文
20.The best title for the passage might be ____. A. The Hopi and Zuni Tribes B. Early North American Societies C. Dwellings of the Early North Americans D. The History of the Early North Americans 答案部分 1. 答案 C。 【参考译文】 败血症是一种由于缺乏一些必不可少的物质而引起的。 【试题分析】 本题要求掌握文章主旨的事实和细节。 【详细解答】 对于 scurvy(败血症)整个第一段都在介绍其情况，是什么引起它的呢?这 就要求读者对这一段的各细节都准确理解，文中很明确地提到败血症是由于水手的饮食中缺 少一些东西而引起的，而败血症又可通过吃新鲜蔬果而避免，这是否意味着败血症是由于缺 少新鲜蔬果而引起的呢?从字面看，似乎是正确的，有的读者会选 D 项，但我们仔细理解每 一选项及原文，新鲜蔬果为什么能避免败血症，当然是由于其中含有丰富的维生素，从下文 主要讲述的对象——维生素来看，我们也可猜到，真正引起败血症的是缺乏蔬果中的维生素， 所以 C 项者是最准确的。 2. 答案 C。 【参考译文】 第一段最后一句中的“warded off”完全能够用“avoided”来替换。 【试题分析】 本题要求根据上下文判断词汇和短语的意义。 【详细解答】 用一个词或短语代替另一个词或短语，也是对词义的考查，通常可以从上下 文来推断，既然败血症的产生原因已被查明，那么通过提供新鲜蔬果败血症当然能被“避免”。 A 项的除掉显然不正确，因为防治败血症可以通过多吃蔬果，但要除掉一种病症却不是那么 简单的事。B 项“杀死”，这与 A 项意思基本相似，也是不正确的。C 项“避免”这与原文
相符。D项“清除”这也与A、B两项相近,是不正确的 3.答案D。 【参考译文】为了避免得像败血病这样的病,我们最好养成良好的饮食习惯。 【试题分析】本题要求根据相关材料进行一定的推理和引申。 【详细解答】如何避免败血症的方法,文中已提到,可通过多吃新鲜蔬果的方法,正如 第一题一样,透过表面文字新鲜蔬果的真正意义是什么?当然是指水手们单一的腌肉饮食太 不合理,要补充蔬果以增加维生素,也就是说需要合理的饮食习惯,这样在仔细理解原文和 选项后,我们不难发现D项是最合适的答案 4.答案B。 【参考译文】根据本文,我们完全有把握地得出结论,如果我们的饮食不够广泛,有营 养的食物也可能是不健康的 【试题分析】本题要求理解文章的主旨。 【详细解答】这一题需要我们对全文都理解后才能得出答案,如果我们的食物摄取不够 广泛会如何?A项“维生素丸没有用”,而文中未曾提到维生素丸的作用,而根据常识服食维 生素丸是可以补充暂时的维生素不足的,因此A不正确。B项“有营养的食物也可能是 不健康的”,正如文中提到的腌肉,虽然腌肉也有营养,但只吃咸肉而没有足够的维生素 水手们依然患了败血症,第二段第一句也表达了此意,因此B项是正确的。C项“蔬菜 叶子可以作为一味好药”,如果食物摄取不广泛,蔬菜叶子并不能作万能的药,在文中它只 适合于败血症的治疗,所以C项不准确。D项“宗教式的斋戒会很有帮助”,而文中提到, 在进行斋戒时需要特别补充某些缺乏的维生素,所以D项不正确 5.答案C 【参考译文】下面哪一句最好地表达了本文的中心思想? 【试题分析】本题要求理解文章的主旨。 【详细解答】这一题是读者对全文中心的理解,文章以败血症开篇引出维生素的重要性, 末尾也提到了维生素的摄取途径,而这些都是为了突出维生素的重要性服务的。因此这篇文 章的中心在于讲述维生素的重要性,所以应选C项 短文大意 本文讨论的是东西方教育系统的不同之处。在西方人们强调高度尊重个人和人与人之间的差
相符。D 项“清除”这也与 A、B 两项相近，是不正确的。 3. 答案 D。 【参考译文】 为了避免得像败血病这样的病，我们最好养成良好的饮食习惯。 【试题分析】 本题要求根据相关材料进行一定的推理和引申。 【详细解答】 如何避免败血症的方法，文中已提到，可通过多吃新鲜蔬果的方法，正如 第一题一样，透过表面文字新鲜蔬果的真正意义是什么?当然是指水手们单一的腌肉饮食太 不合理，要补充蔬果以增加维生素，也就是说需要合理的饮食习惯，这样在仔细理解原文和 选项后，我们不难发现 D 项是最合适的答案。 4. 答案 B。 【参考译文】 根据本文，我们完全有把握地得出结论，如果我们的饮食不够广泛，有营 养的食物也可能是不健康的。 【试题分析】 本题要求理解文章的主旨。 【详细解答】 这一题需要我们对全文都理解后才能得出答案，如果我们的食物摄取不够 广泛会如何?A 项“维生素丸没有用”，而文中未曾提到维生素丸的作用，而根据常识服食维 生素丸是可以补充暂时的维生素不足的，因此 A 不正确。 B 项“有营养的食物也可能是 不健康的”，正如文中提到的腌肉，虽然腌肉也有营养，但只吃咸肉而没有足够的维生素， 水手们依然患了败血症，第二段第一句也表达了此意，因此 B 项是正确的。 C 项“蔬菜 叶子可以作为一味好药”，如果食物摄取不广泛，蔬菜叶子并不能作万能的药，在文中它只 适合于败血症的治疗，所以 C 项不准确。 D 项“宗教式的斋戒会很有帮助”，而文中提到， 在进行斋戒时需要特别补充某些缺乏的维生素，所以 D 项不正确。 5. 答案 C。 【参考译文】 下面哪一句最好地表达了本文的中心思想? 【试题分析】 本题要求理解文章的主旨。 【详细解答】 这一题是读者对全文中心的理解，文章以败血症开篇引出维生素的重要性， 末尾也提到了维生素的摄取途径，而这些都是为了突出维生素的重要性服务的。因此这篇文 章的中心在于讲述维生素的重要性，所以应选 C 项。 短文大意 本文讨论的是东西方教育系统的不同之处。在西方人们强调高度尊重个人和人与人之间的差