决胜四级-阅读(2) If the salinity (E #h E)of ocean waters is analyzed, it is found to vary only slightly from place to place. Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation-conversion of liquid water to water vapour. In this manner, the salinity is increased, since the salts stay behind. If this is carried to the extreme, of course, white crystals of salt would be left behind; this by the way, is how much of the table salt we use is actually obtained The opposite of evaporation is precipitation (Af k), such as rain, by which water is added to the ocean Here the ocean is being diluted tiso that the salinity is decreased. This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean Thus salinity may be increased by the substraction of the water by evaporation, or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation or runoff. Normally, in tropical regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. Similarly, in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas a third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of sea ice. When seawater is frozen the dissolved materials are left behind. In this manner, seawater directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeared. Of course, when this ice melts, it will tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water. In the Weddell sea, of America the densest water in the oceans is formed as a result of this freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portions of the oceans of the world 1. All of the following are processes that decrease salinity except A runoff B evaporation C. melting D precipitation 2. The salinity of the oceanic water is generally higher in
决胜四级--阅读（2） 1 If the salinity(含盐量)of ocean waters is analyzed,it is found to vary only slightly from place to place.Nevertheless,some of these small changes are important.There are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity.One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation—conversion of liquid water to water vapour.In this manner,the salinity is increased,since the salts stay behind.If this is carried to the extreme,of course,white crystals of salt would be left behind; this, by the way,is how much of the table salt we use is actually obtained. The opposite of evaporation is precipitation(降水),such as rain,by which water is added to the ocean.Here the ocean is being diluted(冲淡)so that the salinity is decreased.This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean.Thus salinity may be increased by the substraction of the water by evaporation,or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation or runoff. Normally,in tropical regions where the sun is very strong,the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation.Similarly,in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea,salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas. A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of sea ice.When seawater is frozen,the dissolved materials are left behind.In this manner,seawater directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeared.Of course,when this ice melts,it will tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water. In the Weddell Sea,of America,the densest water in the oceans is formed as a result of this freezing process,which increases the salinity of cold water.This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portions of the oceans of the world. 1. All of the following are processes that decrease salinity except ____. A.runoff B.evaporation C.melting D.precipitation 2. The salinity of the oceanic water is generally higher in ____
A tropical areas b coastal regions C turbulent areas D rainy regions 3. The Weddell Sea is mentioned in the passage to A give an example of cold water salinity B point out the location of deep waters C compare antarctic waters with arctic water D indicate that this body of water has salinity variations 4. Which of the following statements is NoT TRUE, according to the passage? A. Various factors combine to cause variations in the salinity of water. B As a result of the formation of ocean ice water salinity decreases C The salinity of the water near the bottom of the oceans is relatively high D In coastal areas the ocean is diluted by rivers 5. The major points discussed in the passage is A. the subtraction of water B the conversion of liquid water to water vapour C the salinity of ocean water D. the effect of precipitation on the salinity of ocean water T he cat has probably been associated with Man since it was first given a place by his fire in return for keeping the cave dwelling free of rats and mice. The
A.tropical areas B.coastal regions C.turbulent areas D.rainy regions 3. The Weddell Sea is mentioned in the passage to ____. A.give an example of cold water salinity B.point out the location of deep waters C.compare Antarctic waters with Arctic waters D.indicate that this body of water has salinity variations 4. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE,according to the passage? A.Various factors combine to cause variations in the salinity of water. B.As a result of the formation of ocean ice water salinity decreases. C.The salinity of the water near the bottom of the oceans is relatively high. D.In coastal areas the ocean is diluted by rivers. 5. The major points discussed in the passage is ____. A.the subtraction of water B.the conversion of liquid water to water vapour C.the salinity of ocean water D.the effect of precipitation on the salinity of ocean water 2 T he cat has probably been associated with Man since it was first given a place by his fire in return for keeping the cave dwelling free of rats and mice.The
relationship between the cat and Man has not been constant, however. Mans attitude has ranged through indifference and neglect to the extremes of persecution(残 害) and worship The Egyptians had great faith in the power of a living cat to protect them from both natural and supernatural evils. They made small ornaments and charms representing cats and the various cat deities(iPt).These decorated their homes and were buried with them to ensure that the soul of the dead person was protected on it's perilous journey through the hostile spirit world Pious Egyptians al ways mummified their cats and had them buried with almost as much reverence (efj)as if they were human beings. At the end of the last century, a cat cemetery was discovered near the site of the ancient city of Bubastis Here literally hundreds of thousands of little cat mummies were found ranged neatly on shelves. Some were stolen, some destroyed and antique dealers sold many to tourists thousands were left The ancient Jews believed that when a religious person who had reached a high degree of sanctity died his soul entered the body of a cat and remained there until the cat itself died a natural death Only then could it enter Paradise. Exactly the same belief existed in Burma and Thailand until comparatively recently, and beautiful sacred cats were kept in great luxury in the temples. When a member of the royal house of Siam died, his favorite cat was buried alive with him but a small opening was always left for its escape. When the cat emerged the priests knew that the princes soul had safely entered its feline(似猫的) host, and the cat was ceremonially sent to the Temple. At the crowning of the young King of Siam in 1926, a white cat was carried by a court official in the procession to the Throne room The old King s soul was resting in this cat, and his faithful former courtiers knew that he would want to be presen at the crowning of his successor. 6. Man's attitude towards cats has been
relationship between the cat and Man has not been constant,however.Man’s attitude has ranged through indifference and neglect to the extremes of persecution(残 害) and worship. The Egyptians had great faith in the power of a living cat to protect them from both natural and supernatural evils.They made small ornaments and charms representing cats and the various cat deities(神性).These decorated their homes and were buried with them to ensure that the soul of the dead person was protected on it’s perilous journey through the hostile spirit world. Pious Egyptians always mummified their cats and had them buried with almost as much reverence(尊严) as if they were human beings.At the end of the last century,a cat cemetery was discovered near the site of the ancient city of Bubastis. Here literally hundreds of thousands of little cat mummies were found ranged neatly on shelves. Some were stolen,some destroyed,and antique dealers sold many to tourists.Thousands were left. The ancient Jews believed that when a religious person who had reached a high degree of sanctity died,his soul entered the body of a cat and remained there until the cat itself died a natural death.Only then could it enter Paradise. Exactly the same belief existed in Burma and Thailand until comparatively recently,and beautiful sacred cats were kept in great luxury in the temples.When a member of the royal house of Siam died,his favorite cat was buried alive with him but a small opening was always left for its escape.When the cat emerged,the priests knew that the prince’s soul had safely entered its feline(似猫的)host,and the cat was ceremonially sent to the Temple.At the crowning of the young King of Siam in 1926,a white cat was carried by a court official in the procession to the Throne Room.The old King’s soul was resting in this cat,and his faithful former courtiers knew that he would want to be present at the crowning of his successor. 6. Man’s attitude towards cats has been ____
A constantly hostile throughout the ages B friendly C through many changes D negligent from time immemorial 7. The word"perilous"in the last sentence of Paragraph 2 most probably means A dangerous B long C boring D pleasant 8. Ancient Egyptians buried catlike omaments with them for the reason that A. they had blind worship of cats B. they had natural inclination to persecute cats C. they hoped to be under the cat's protection against all evils D cats were their pets 9. The ancient jews held the belief that A good cats could enter paradise after they died a natural death B. a good man s soul was protected by a cat Ca holy person s soul entered a cat's body after his death D. man had to believe religion 10. At the 1926 Coronation of siam a white cat was A escorted to the Temple B. believed to be the spiritual guardian of the old king C presented to the new king D buried alive with the old king
A.constantly hostile throughout the ages B.friendly C.through many changes D.negligent from time immemorial 7. The word“perilous”in the last sentence of Paragraph 2 most probably means ____. A.dangerous B. long C.boring D.pleasant 8. Ancient Egyptians buried catlike ornaments with them for the reason that ____. A.they had blind worship of cats B.they had natural inclination to persecute cats C.they hoped to be under the cat’s protection against all evils D.cats were their pets 9. The ancient Jews held the belief that ____. A.good cats could enter paradise after they died a natural death B.a good man’s soul was protected by a cat C.a holy person’s soul entered a cat’s body after his death D.man had to believe religion 10.At the 1926 Coronation of Siam a white cat was ____. A.escorted to the Temple B.believed to be the spiritual guardian of the old king C.presented to the new king D.buried alive with the old king
One famous surgeon always made it a rule to spend at least 15 minutes on general reading before he went to sleep each night Whether he went to bed at 10 p.m 2.30 a m. made no difference. Even if you cannot keep to this kind of discipline, it is a good idea to make sure you always have a general interest book in your pocket Don't forget it should be a book which entertains you and the English must not be too difficult for you Nearly all speed reading"course have a pacing"element some timing device which lets the students know how many words a minute he is reading You can do this simply by looking at your watch 5 or 10 minutes and noting down the page number you have reached Check the average number of ords per page for the particular book you are reading. Pace yourself every three or four days, always with the same kind of easy, general interest book.You should soon notice your habitual w p.m. rate creeping up. obviously there is little point in increasing your w.p. m rate if you do not understand what you are reading When you are conciously trying to increase your reading speed ,stop after every chapter if you are reading a novel or every section or group of ten or twelve pages if it is a textbook and ask yourself a few questions about what you have been reading. If you find you have lost the thread of the story,or you cant remember clearly the details of what was said, reread the section or chapter. Try this from time to time. Take four or five pages of the general interest book you happen to be reading at the time. Read them as fast as you possibly can. Don't bother about whether you understand or not Now go back and read them at what you feel to be your normal"wp. m rate, the rate at which you can comfortably understand. After a lightning speed"read through probably around 600w.p. m, you will usually find that your normal"speed has increaed perhaps by as much as 50-100 w.p.m. This is the technique athletes use when they habitually run furt
3 One famous surgeon always made it a rule to spend at least 15 minutes on general reading before he went to sleep each night.Whether he went to bed at 10 p.m. or 2.30 a.m. made no difference.Even if you cannot keep to this kind of discipline,it is a good idea to make sure you always have a general interest book in your pocket.Don’t forget it should be a book which entertains you and the English must not be too difficult for you. Nearly all “speed reading” course have a “pacing” element — some timing device which lets the students know how many words a minute he is reading.You can do this simply by looking at your watch 5 or 10 minutes and noting down the page number you have reached.Check the average number of words per page for the particular book you are reading.Pace yourself every three or four days,always with the same kind of easy,general interest book.You should soon notice your habitual w.p.m.rate creeping up. Obviously there is little point in increasing your w.p.m.rate if you do not understand what you are reading.When you are conciously trying to increase your reading speed,stop after every chapter if you are reading a novel or every section or group of ten or twelve pages if it is a textbook and ask yourself a few questions about what you have been reading.If you find you have lost the thread of the story,or you can’t remember clearly the details of what was said,reread the section or chapter. Try this from time to time.Take four or five pages of the general interest book you happen to be reading at the time.Read them as fast as you possibly can.Don’t bother about whether you understand or not.Now go back and read them at what you feel to be your “normal”w.p.m.rate,the rate at which you can comfortably understand.After a “lightning speed”read through probably around 600w.p.m.,you will usually find that your “normal” speed has increaed perhaps by as much as 50—100 w.p.m.This is the technique athletes use when they habitually run furt
her in training than they will have to on the day of the big race 11. The famous surgeon mentioned in the first paragraph exemplifies the people who A. make it a rule to read at 10 p. m or 2: 30 a m. every day B. are in the habit of doing regular reading every day no matter how busy they are C al ways have an interesting book in their pockets D. habitually go to bed late 12. A pacing device of a reading course is aimed at enabling the students A. assess their reading speed B speed up their reading C check their comprehension D. do the most efficient reading 13. Which of the following statements NOT TRUE according to the passage? A. You can never ignore your comprehension when you try to increase your reading speed B. The purpose of lightning speed exercise is to help you win the English contest C. To pace yourself, you should use books with more or less the same degrees of difficulty D. It is always a good idea to carry in your pocket an easy and interesting English book. 14. The author writes this passage mainly to A emphasize the importance of reading
her in training than they will have to on the day of the big race. 11.The famous surgeon mentioned in the first paragraph exemplifies the people who ____. A. make it a rule to read at 10 p.m. or 2:30 a.m.every day B. are in the habit of doing regular reading every day no matter how busy they are C. always have an interesting book in their pockets D. habitually go to bed late 12.A pacing device of a reading course is aimed at enabling the students to ____. A. assess their reading speed B. speed up their reading C. check their comprehension D. do the most efficient reading 13.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage? A. You can never ignore your comprehension when you try to increase your reading speed. B. The purpose of lightning speed exercise is to help you win the English contest. C. To pace yourself,you should use books with more or less the same degrees of difficulty. D. It is always a good idea to carry in your pocket an easy and interesting English book. 14.The author writes this passage mainly to ____. A. emphasize the importance of reading
B classify different kinds of reading materials C give suggestions for reading practice D. set a pace in reading 15.All of the following points are hints for reading practice given by the author pt A checking your progress through pacing B. setting aside time each day for general reading C doing lightning speed exercise D. recalling the thread of the story already read The early scientific study of chemistry, known as alchemy grew up in the first few centuries A D. at Alexandria in Egypt. There two important things came together: one was the practical knowledge of the Egyptian workers in metals, pottery and dyes the other was the learning of the earlier Greek philosophers, such as Hippocrates and Aristotle. At the same time alchemy was much influenced by ideas from the east about magic and astrology(占星术) foretelling the future from the stars. Greek philosophers regarded debate about the nature of matter as superior to experiment and some held that all matter was made up of the same four elements earth fire air and water. Many people therefore thought that if these elements could be rearranged, one substance could be changed into another. For instance, a base metal could perhaps be turned into gold The chief aim of the alchemists was to find a way of doing this Alchemy came under Arab influence when the armies of Islam conquered Egypt during the seventh century. The Arabs carried its study into Western Europe when they advanc into spain the greatest arab alchemist was Jabir ibn Hayyan, possibly the same person as Geber, author of two important books on alchemy known from the Latin translations of the thirteenth century Jabir claimed that mercury(水银) and sulphur(硫磺)were“ elements" like the four Greek ones. He said that all metals were composed of mercury and sulphur in different proportions. To change a base metal into gold required the proportions to be changed by the action of a mysterious substance which came to be called
B. classify different kinds of reading materials C. give suggestions for reading practice D. set a pace in reading 15.All of the following points are hints for reading practice given by the author except ____. A. checking your progress through pacing B. setting aside time each day for general reading C. doing lightning speed exercise D. recalling the thread of the story already read 4 The early scientific study of chemistry,known as alchemy,grew up in the first few centuries A.D. at Alexandria in Egypt.There two important things came together:one was the practical knowledge of the Egyptian workers in metals,pottery and dyes;the other was the learning of the earlier Greek philosophers,such as Hippocrates and Aristotle.At the same time alchemy was much influenced by ideas from the East about magic and astrology（占星术）— foretelling the future from the stars. Greek philosophers regarded debate about the nature of matter as superior to experiment,and some held that all matter was made up of the same four “elements” — earth,fire,air and water.Many people therefore thought that if these elements could be rearranged,one substance could be changed into another.For instance,a base metal could perhaps be turned into gold.The chief aim of the alchemists was to find a way of doing this. Alchemy came under Arab influence when the armies of Islam conquered Egypt during the seventh century.The Arabs carried its study into Western Europe when they advanec into Spain.The greatest Arab alchemist was Jabir ibn Hayyan,possibly the same person as Geber,author of two important books on alchemy known from the Latin translations of the thirteenth century.Jabir claimed that mercury （水银）and sulphur（硫磺）were “elements”like the four Greek ones.He said that all metals were composed of mercury and sulphur in different proportions.To change a base metal into gold required the proportions to be changed by the action of a mysterious substance which came to be called
the philosopher's stone" Alchemists searched in vain for this substance for several hundred years Alchemy was studied widely in Europe during the twelfth and following centuries, and attracted the attention of many learned men Though they were doomed to fail in their attempts to make gold their work led to the growth of a great deal of new chemical knowledge and of methods of making experiments. By the first half of the sixteenth century, the aim of the alchemists had changed from the making of gold to the making of medicines. In particular they sought a fanciful substance called“ the elixir(长生不老药) of life" a powerful medicine which was to cure all ills, and which some people thought would turn out to be the same substance as the philosopher's stone". This phase of chemistry lasted till about 1700 16.The practical basis of several modern chemical industries was developed from A. Asian astrologers B. Greek philosophers C. Alexandrians D. the ancient Egyptians 17.It was the arab conquerors who A. studied alchemy in the eventh century B introduced alchemy to Western Europe C spread alchemy to Egypt D. carried out alchemical experiments in Spain 18.The greatest Arab alchemist Jabir ibn Hayyan A translated two important books on alchemy from Latin in the 13th century B. extended the greek theories about the "elements" c. was of t he opinion that all metals were made up of the same four elements D. gave the name "the philosophers stone "to a mysterious substance 19. From the twelfth to the eighteenth century
“the philosopher’s stone”.Alchemists searched in vain for this substance for several hundred years. Alchemy was studied widely in Europe during the twelfth and following centuries,and attracted the attention of many learned men.Though they were doomed to fail in their attempts to make gold,their work led to the growth of a great deal of new chemical knowledge and of methods of making experiments.By the first half of the sixteenth century,the aim of the alchemists had changed from the making of gold to the making of medicines.In particular they sought a fanciful substance called “the elixir （长生不老药）of life”,a powerful medicine which was to cure all ills,and which some people thought would turn out to be the same substance as “the philosopher’s stone”.This phase of chemistry lasted till about 1700. 16.The practical basis of several modern chemical industries was developed from ____. A. Asian astrologers B. Greek philosophers C. Alexandrians D. the ancient Egyptians 17.It was the Arab conquerors who ____. A. studied alchemy in the seventh century B. introduced alchemy to Western Europe C. spread alchemy to Egypt D. carried out alchemical experiments in Spain 18.The greatest Arab alchemist Jabir ibn Hayyan ____. A. translated two important books on alchemy from Latin in the 13th century B. extended the Greek theories about the “elements” C. was of t he opinion that all metals were made up of the same four “elements” D. gave the name “the philosopher’s stone ” to a mysterious substance 19.From the twelfth to the eighteenth century ____
A alchemy was widely used in people' s daily life alchemy was stagnant C. alchemists were somewhat misled D. many learned men found a clue to the mystery of alchemy 20. It can be inferred from the passage that A. after 1700 chemistry changed its aim and methods B. ancient greek phi losophers considered alchemical experiments to be of great importance C."the philosopher's stone"is a mysterious substance which can change a base metal into gold D. Alexandria was the birthplace of magic and early science of chemistry Astrology 答案部分 短文大意 本文讨论的是海水的含盐量。本文主 要讲述了引起海水 含盐量变化的三个基本过程,一是用蒸发的方法去除水分,二是与蒸发法相反的方法一一降 水,三是海冰的形成和融化
A. alchemy was widely used in people’s daily life B. alchemy was stagnant C. alchemists were somewhat misled D. many learned men found a clue to the mystery of alchemy 20.It can be inferred from the passage that ____. A. after 1700 chemistry changed its aim and methods B. ancient Greek phi losophers considered alchemical experiments to be of great importance C. “the philosopher’s stone” is a mysterious substance which can change a base metal into gold D. Alexandria was the birthplace of magic and early science of chemistry Astrology 答案部分 1 短文大意 本文讨论的是海水的含盐量。本文主 要讲述了引起海水 含盐量变化的三个基本过程，一是用蒸发的方法去除水分，二是与蒸发法相反的方法——降 水，三是海冰的形成和融化
1.答案B。 【参考译文】除了蒸发,下面所有的过程都使含盐量减少 【试题分析】本题要求了解阐述文章主旨的事实和细节 【详细解答】什么因素不使含盐量下降呢?这要求我们留意文中对含盐量高低变化起作用 的因素的细节描述。文中第二段末句总结了影响含盐量的因素:蒸发( evaporation)使含盐 量增加,降水( precipitation)和河水流入( runof使含盐量降低,后文中提到融冰( melting) 也使含盐量降低。因此,这一题很明显应选B项 2.答案A 【参考译文】热带地区的海水含盐是一般要高些。 【试题分析】本题要求我们了解相关的细节。 【详细解答】文中第三段具体描述了含盐量高低不同的几个地区,其 中热带地区含盐量高而沿海岸地区含盐量低。因此这一题显然应选A“热带地区” 3.答案A 【参考译文】本文中提到 Weddel!海是为了举例说明冷水含盐量。 【试题分析】本题要求我们了解相关的细节。 【详细解答】文中提到 Weddell海是在叙述了第三种改变含盐量的过程之后,这一种改 主要与冰的形成与融化有关。海水结成冰后含盐量升高冰融化后含盐量又变低。随后,文中 以 Weddell海为例,说明海水结冰后,冰冷的海水含盐量增高。所以,这一题显然应该选A项。 4.答案B。 【参考译文】根据本文,下面哪一句不真实? 【试题分析】本题考查对文章的主旨以及相关细节 【详细解答】选不正确的一项也 要求我们对全文有充分的理解,并能记住有关细节这样才能判断对错。A项:“不同的因素
1. 答案 B。 【参考译文】 除了蒸发，下面所有的过程都使含盐量减少。 【试题分析】 本题要求了解阐述文章主旨的事实和细节。 【详细解答】 什么因素不使含盐量下降呢?这要求我们留意文中对含盐量高低变化起作用 的因素的细节描述。文中第二段末句总结了影响含盐量的因素:蒸发(evaporation)使含盐 量增加,降水(precipitation)和河水流入(runoff)使含盐量降低,后文中提到融冰(melting) 也使含盐量降低。因此，这一题很明显应选 B 项。 2. 答案 A。 【参考译文】 热带地区的海水含盐是一般要高些。 【试题分析】 本题要求我们了解相关的细节。 【详细解答】 文中第三段具体描述了含盐量高低不同的几个地区,其 中热带地区含盐量高而沿海岸地区含盐量低。因此这一题显然应选 A“热带地区”。 3. 答案 A。 【参考译文】 本文中提到 Weddell 海是为了举例说明冷水含盐量。 【试题分析】 本题要求我们了解相关的细节。 【详细解答】 文中提到 Weddell 海是在叙述了第三种改变含盐量的过程之后,这一种改 变 主要与冰的形成与融化有关。海水结成冰后含盐量升高,冰融化后含盐量又变低。随后,文中 以 Weddell 海为例,说明海水结冰后,冰冷的海水含盐量增高。所以,这一题显然应该选 A 项。 4. 答案 B。 【参考译文】 根据本文，下面哪一句不真实? 【试题分析】 本题考查对文章的主旨以及相关细节。 【详细解答】 选不正确的一项也 要求我们对全文有充分的理解,并能记住有关细节,这样才能判断对错。A 项:“不同的因素