Medica, Genetics Population Genetics
Population Genetics Medical Genetics
Population genetics investigates genetic structure and genetic variation among individuals within groups Mendelian population is a group of interbreeding individuals, who live in the same place and share a common set of genes(gene pool
Population genetics investigates genetic structure and genetic variation among individuals within groups. Mendelian population is a group of interbreeding individuals, who live in the same place and share a common set of genes (gene pool)
Gene Frequency & Genotypic Frequency Allelic frequency: a proportion or a percent of allele. Genotypic frequency: the number of individuals with one particular genotype divided by the total number of individuals in the population
Allelic frequency: a proportion or a percent of allele. Genotypic frequency: the number of individuals with one particular genotype divided by the total number of individuals in the population. Gene Frequency & Genotypic Frequency
Gene Frequency & Genotypic Frequency ●●● N● ●●● Genotype: MM 5, MN7; NN 4 Allelic frequency of M: P=(2X5+7/(2X16)=0.5312 Allelic frequency of N: q =(2X4+7/2X16)=0.4688
Gene Frequency & Genotypic Frequency M N Genotype: MM 5; MN 7; NN 4 Allelic frequency of M：p ＝(2×5＋7)/(2×16)＝0.5312 Allelic frequency of N：q ＝(2×4＋7)/(2×16)＝0.4688
Law of Genetic Equilibrium Hardy-Weinberg law Hardy gh Weinberg w
Law of Genetic Equilibrium Hardy-Weinberg law Hardy GH Weinberg W
Law of Genetic Equilibrium Hardy-Weinberg law Explains how Mendelian segregation influences allelic and genotypic frequencies In a population
Explains how Mendelian segregation influences allelic and genotypic frequencies in a population. Law of Genetic Equilibrium Hardy-Weinberg law
Law of Genetic Equilibrium Hardy-Weinberg law Assumptions %o Large population 令 Random mating ☆ No natural selection No mutation 今 No migration If assumptions are met, population will be in genetic equilibrium
Law of Genetic Equilibrium Assumptions ❖ Large population ❖ Random mating ❖ No natural selection ❖ No mutation ❖ No migration If assumptions are met, population will be in genetic equilibrium. Hardy-Weinberg law
Law of Genetic Equilibrium Hardy-Weinberg law Allele frequencies do not change over generations. Genotypic frequencies will remain in the following proportions p+q=1 p2: frequency of AA P2+2pq+q2=13 2pq: frequency of Aa frequency of aa
➢ Allele frequencies do not change over generations. p＋q＝1 p 2＋2pq＋q 2＝1 p 2 : frequency of AA 2pq: frequency of Aa q 2 : frequency of aa Law of Genetic Equilibrium Hardy-Weinberg law ➢ Genotypic frequencies will remain in the following proportions:
Law of Genetic Equilibrium Hardy-Weinberg law Allele frequencies do not change over generations. Genotypic frequencies do not change over generations After only one generation of random mating, population will be in genetic equilibrium
Law of Genetic Equilibrium Hardy-Weinberg law ➢ Allele frequencies do not change over generations. ➢ Genotypic frequencies do not change over generations. ➢ After only one generation of random mating, population will be in genetic equilibrium
Law of Genetic Equilibrium 1.0090.8070.60.50.403020.10 f(a)=q=q2 g(aa) P(AAL f(4)=1-q 2pq (Aa) 00.1020.3040.5 0.708091.0
f (a) = q f (A) = 1－q = q 2 Law of Genetic Equilibrium