试卷代号：2159 国家开放大学（中央广播电视大学）2016年秋季学期“开放专科”期末考试 综合英语(2)试题 2017年1月 注意事项 一、将你的学号、姓名及分校（工作站）名称填写在答题纸的规定栏 内。考试结束后，把试卷和答题纸放在桌上。试卷和答题纸均不得带 出考场。 二、仔细阅读题目的说明，并按题目要求答题。答案一定要写在答 题纸指定的位置上，写在试卷上的答案无效。 三、用蓝、黑圆珠笔或钢笔答题，使用铅笔答题无效。 538
试卷代号 :2159 国家开放大学(中央广播电视大学)2016 年秋季学期"开放专科"期未考试 综合英语 (2 ) 试题 2017 注意事项 一、将你的学号、姓名及分校(工作站)名称填写在答题纸的规定栏 内。考试结束后，把试卷和答题纸放在桌上。试卷和答题纸均不得带 出考场。 二、仔细阅读题目的说明，并按题目要求答题。答案一定要写在答 题纸指定的位置上，写在试卷上的答案无效。 三、用蓝、黑圆珠笔或钢笔答题，使用铅笔答题无效。 538
I.Directions:(Vocabulary Structure) Beneath each of the following sentences,there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points】 Example:The homeless couple at last in finding a flat to rent. A.managed B.did C.finished D.succeeded The sentence should read,"The homeless couple succeeded at last in finding a flat to rent."Therefore you should choose D. 1.The report should be ready tomorrow morning.You'd better too long. A.don't put it off B.not put it off C.not to put it off D.to not put it off 2.Don't they pay their bill before the end of the month? A.must B.have to C.supposed to D.need 3.Don't give yourself heavy workload. as much work as you can. A.Take over B.Take for C.Take on D.Take out 4.Lou is a little tense today.What has him? A.come over B.come by C.come across D.come down 5.I haven't seen you at the gym ages. A.in B.of C.at D.on 6.I will watch TV tonight there's something good on. A.unless B.then C.if D.and 7.Anita asked Lou the work early. A.finish B.to finish C.finished D.finishing 539
1. Directions: (Vocabulary& Structure) Beneath each of the foIlowing sentences, there are four choices marked A, B I C and D. Choose the one that best complet the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points) Example: The homeless couple 一一一-一_ at last in finding a flat to rent. A. managed C. finished B. did O. succeeded The sentence should read , "The homeless couple succeeded at last in finding a flat to rent. " Therefore you should choose O. 1. The report should be ready tomorrow morning. Y ou' d better 一一一一一_ too long. A. don' t put it off B. not put it off C. not to put it off O. to not put it off 2. Oon't they _一一一一_ pay their bill before the end of the month? A. must C. supposed to B. have to O. need 3. Oon't give yourself heavy workload. 一-一一一_ as much work as you can. A. Take over C. Take on 4. Lou is a little tense today. What has A. come over B. Take for O. Take out him? B. come by C. come across O. come down 5. 1 haven' t seen you at the gym 一一一一_ ages. A. in C. at B.of O.on 6. 1 will watch TV tonight 一一一一_ there' s something good on. A. unless B. then C. if O. and 7. Anita asked Lou 一一一一一_ the work early. A. finish C. finished n-h E·1 F+A··i +U 4A , 539
8.I can't play tennis now.I have a lot of errands A.to meet B.to catch C.to run D.to attend 9. getting enough exercises? A.Have you not been B.Haven't you been C.Has you not been D.Hasn't you been 10.The house is very nice,but the compound is too small. A.himself B.itself C.herself D.oneself II.Directions: Choose A,B or C to complete each conversation,using the sentences below.Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points) Example:-Oh,look.Joni Mitchell is in town. -What?She's one of the greatest folk singers in the world! A.Who's that?I've never heard of her. B.Sure,I'm in town. C.Yes,I'm glad she's coming. Answer A is correct because the conversation should read, "-Oh,look.Joni Mitchell is in town. -Who's that?I've never heard of her. -What's that?She's one of the greatest folk singers in the world!" 11.-I'm looking for a birthday gift for my aunt,but I don't have the slightest idea. -Do you know what her hobbies are? A.She doesn't have a CD player. B.Actually,she doesn't like to study with music. C.She listens to music,collects butterflies,and is interested in photography.Maybe I'll get her a CD. 540
8. 1 can't p1ay tennis now. 1 have a 10t of errands 一一一一一· A. to meet C. to run B. to catch D. to attend 9. 一一-一_ getting enough exercises? A. Have you not been C. Has you not been vdO ou bh mn vd n't +t , BD HH aa u--Qd en 10. The house 一一-一一_ ís very nice , but the compound is too sma11. A. hímself C. herself B. itself D. oneself II. Directions: Choose A , B or C to complete each conversation , using the sentences below. Mark your answer on the ANS IVER SHEET. (20 points) Example: Oh look. J oni Mitchell is in town. - What? She' s one of the greatest folk singers in the world! A. Who' s that? l' ve never heard of her. B. Sure , l' m in town. c. Yes, l'm glad she's coming. Answer A is correct because the conversation should read , "一 Oh look. J oni Mitche11 is in town. -Who's that? I 've never heard of her. -What's that? She's one of the greatest folk singers in the world!" 11. -1' m looking for a birthday gift for my aunt , but 1 don' t have the slightest idea. -Do you know what her hobbíes are? A. She doesn't have a CD player. B. Actual1y , she doesn' t like to study with music. C. She listens to music , col1ects butterflies, and is interested in photography. Maybe 1'11 get her a CD. 540
12.-Why are you so late for the meeting? A.You must not have left yourself enough time. B.I'm sorry,but my wallet was stolen. C.I'll go to visit him now. 13.-What do you think about Thai food? A.I didn't have a lot of time to prepare food,so much of my experience comes from eating in restaurants. B.A big change was using public transportation in Tokyo. C.Overall,the diet there is a healthy one-low fat. 14.-I feel like singing! A.Really?What makes you so happy? B.How come? C.Really?That's terrible. 15.-Are you going to take a vacation this year? A.Not if I can save some money. B.Well,not if it stops raining. C.Not unless I can save some money. 16.-I thought your meeting was tomorrow night. 一 A.Excuse me.Do you happen to know the time? B.Gee,that's kind of late for the work night. C.Well,it was supposed to be,but they changed the day. 17.-Maybe I could help you print out the report and photocopy it. A.Yes,she will finish the report tomorrow and get some photocopies. B.Please fetch my photos when you pass by the camera shop. C.Oh,I'd really appreciate it if you could,but I don't want you to ruin your evening. 541
12. -Why are you so late for the meeting? A. You must not have left yourself enough time. B. l' m sorry , but my wa11et was stolen. c. l' 11 go to visit him now. 13. -What do you think about Thai food? A.I didn't have a lot of time to prepare food , so much of my experience comes from eatmg m restaurants. B. A big change was using public transportation in Tokyo. C. Overa11 , the diet there is a healthy one-low fat. 14. feel like singing! A. Really? What makes you so happy? B. How come? C. Really? That' s terrible. 15. -Are you going to take a vacation this year? A. Not if 1 can save some money. B. Well , not if it stops raining. C. Not unless 1 can save some money. 16. thought your meeting was tomorrow night. A. Excuse me. Do you happen to know the time? B. Gee , that' s kind of late for the work night. c. Well , it was supposed to be , but they changed the day. 17. -Maybe 1 could help you print out the report and photocopy it. A. Yes, she will finish the report tomorrow and get some photocopies. B. Please fetch my photos when you pass by the camera shop. C. Oh , l' d rea11y appreciate it if you could , but 1 don' t want you to ruin your evenmg. 541
18.-Who did you say you lived with? A.I had a hard time making friends while I was growing up. B.Mary Smith in fact. C.She is a nice girl. 19.- -No,it's Mendel. A.What's your name? B.What's your name,please? C.Isn't your last name Mendez? 20.-I'm going downtown to buy something. -Not at all. A.You should get me a two-liter bottle of cola. B.Would you mind picking up a copy of Time Magazine while you're downtown? C.Do you want to watch a film with me? Ⅲ，Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points) Woodblock prints are illustrations made from a carved block of wood and printed on paper.They were first used in Japan in 21 to illustrate book.When readers became more and more 22 in the illustrations for their artistic value,publishers hired skilled artists to create prints which could be sold separately.By the end of the 23 century, techniques were developed to produce many copies of a print from the same woodblock, making this fine art available to the general public. The most famous Japanese woodblock prints were made during the 1700s and 1800s. The styles were unique to Japan.Scenes from everyday life or the theater,beautiful women, and landscapes were often the 24 of these prints.The Japanese name ukiyoe,25 "pictures from the floating world,"is used to describe the famous woodblock prints from this era:This refers 26 images of fleeting moments of pleasure,amusement,and entertainment 27 by the artists.Later,European artists,particularly painters of the French Impressionist School,admired and were influenced by the bold colors and 28 542
18. -Who did you say you lived with? A. 1 had a hard time making friends while 1 was growing up. B. Mary Smith in fact. c. She is a nice girl. 19. -No, it's Mendel. A. What' s your name? B. What' s your name , please? C. Isn' t your last narne Mendez? 20. -1' m going downtown to buy something. -Not at all. A. Y ou should get me a tw。由 liter bottle of cola. B. Would you mind picking up a copy of Time Magazine while you"re downtown? C. Do you want to watch a film with me? 皿. Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage , there are four choices marked A , B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points) W oodblock prints are illustrations made from a carved block of wood and printed on paper. They were first used in Japan in 21 to illustrate book. When readers became more and more 22 in th illustrations for their artistic val 时， publishers hired skilled artists to create prints which could be sold separately. By the end of the 23 century , techniques were developed to produce many copies of a print from the sarne woodblock , making this fine art available to the general public. The most famous J apanese woodblock prints were made during the 1700s and 1800s. The styles were unique to Japan. Scenes from everyday life or the theater , beautiful women , and landscapes were often the 24 of thes prints. The Japanese name ukiyoe , 25 "pictures from the f10ating world ," is used to describe the famous woodblock prints frorn this era: This refers 26 images of f1eeting moments of pleasure , amusement , and entertainment 27 by the artists. Later, European artists, particularly painters of the French Impressionist School , admired and were inf1uenced by the bold colors and 28 542
designs of these Japanese woodblock prints. Making a woodblock print has three 29 stages:cutting,inking and printing.First the artist takes a block of soft wood,usually pine,and cuts away parts of the wood with a sharp tool.The design is the part of the wood that is left uncut and upraised.Next the design is coated with30,and a sheet of paper is placed over it.,rubbing the paper then transfers the ink from the woodblock to the surface of the paper.For different colors, different blocks of wood are used,one for each color. 21.A.1960 B.the 1960 C.1960s D.the 1960s 22.A.interest B.interested C.interesting D.interests 23.A.seventeen B.seventeen's C.seventeenth D.seventeenths 24.A.subjects B.names C.pictures D.paper 25.A.mean B.means C.meant D.meaning 26.A.on B.to C.up D.for 27.A.found B.invented C.captured D.created 28.A.unusual B.usual C.ordinary D.common 29.A.big B.small C.minor D.major 30.A.ink B.paper C.plastic D.wood IV.Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions.For each question there are four answers marked A,B,C and D.Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points) Questions 31~35 are based on the following passage. Although the use of cloning to produce copies of humans has been suggested,many people would judge this to be morally wrong.In addition,the prospect of cloning humans raises false expectations,since human personality is only partly determined by genes. Cloning a sick or dying relative would provide a genetically identical copy of that person,but this new individual would likely develop a quite different personality.Similarly,a copy of an athlete,movie star,or scientist might well choose another career because of chance events during his or her lifetime.One hypothetical scenario involves a childless couple who wish to make a copy of one or the other partner rather than having a child by artificial insemination ()The social concern is that the parents would not be able to treat naturally a child who was a copy of one of them. 543
designs of these J apanese woodblock prints. Making a woodblock print has three 29 stages: cutting , inking and printing. First the artist takes a block of soft wood , usually pine , and cuts away parts of the wood with a sharp too1. The design is the part of the wood that is left uncut and upraised. Next the design is coated with 30 , and a sheet of paper is placed over it. , rubbing the paper then transfers the ink from the woodblock to the surface of the paper. For different colors, different blocks of wood are used , one for each color. 21. A. 1960 B. the 1960 C. 1960s D. the 1960s 22. A. interest B. interested C. interesting D. interests 23. A. seventeen B. seventeen' s C. seventeenth D. seventeenths 24. A. subjects B. names C. pictures D. paper 25. A. mean B. means C. meant D. meaning 26. A. on B. to C. up D. for 27. A. found B. invented C. captured D. created 28. A. unusual B. usual C. ordinary D. common 29. A. big B. small C. minor D. major 30. A. ink B. paper C. plastic D. wood N. Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked A. B. C and D. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points) Questions 31~35 are based on the following passage. Although the use of cloning to produce copies of humans has been suggested , many people would judge this to be morally wrong. 1n addition , the prospect of cloning humans raises false expectations, since human personality is only partly determined by genes. Cloning a sick or dying relative would provide a genetically identical copy of that person , but this new individual would likely develop a quite different personality. Similarly , a copy of an athlete , movie star, or scientist might well choose another career because of chance events during his or her lifetime. One hypothetical scenario involves a childless couple who wish to make a copy of one or the other partner rather than having a child by artificial insemination (授精). The social concern is that the parents would not be able to treat naturally a child who was a copy of one of them. 543
The impetus()behind the research that led to Dolly was not to find a way to clone humans but rather to develop genetically engineered animals that would serve a variety of purposes.As there are great genetic differences in cattle herds and sheep flocks,breeding copies of selected livestock would increase the efficiency of agricultural productivity and help improve the quality of such commercial products as milk,beef,and wool. As in the management of other breeding schemes,it will be important for scientists to maintain the balance between intense selection of livestock and the maintenance of genetic variability.Preservation of frozen cells from a large number of representatives of different breeds would allow nuclei from those donor cells to be used as required.The ethical issues in animal cloning are perhaps less controversial than with humans;nevertheless,some people worry that producing large numbers of animal clones only increase the likelihood that these animals will be mistreated. Genetic modification of livestock will also provide new opportunities in medicine and research.Today many patients in need of transplants die before organs become available from suitable donors.Cloning pigs has been suggested as a means of rapidly achieving xenotransplantation ()the use of animal organs to replace organs in human patients.Organs transplanted between species are in danger of being destroyed within minutes by the acute immune response of the body receiving the transplant;however, strategies are being developed to modify pigs genetically so that rejection by the immune system may be effectively prevented. 31.According to the passage people object to the use of cloning to produce copies of humans mainly because A.its technique is not good enough B.it is immoral and leads to wrong expectations C.it may lead to parents'unnatural behavior to the copy of them D.it may lead to many people's unemployment 32.Which of the following words can be used to replace the word "well"in Para.1, Line 6? A.easily B.as one would wish C.quite possibly D.skillfully 544
The impetus( 推动力) behind the research that led to Dolly was not to find a way to clone humans but rather to develop genetically engineered animals that would serve a variety of purposes. As there are great genetic differences in cattle herds and sheep flocks. breeding copies of selected livestock would increase the efficiency of agricultural productivity and help improve the quality of such commercial products as milk. beef. and wool. As in the management of other breeding schemes. it will be important for scientists to maintain the balance between intense selection of livestock and the maintenance of genetic variability. Preservation of frozen cells from a large number of representatives of different breeds would allow nuclei from those donor cells to be used as required. The ethical issues in animal cloning are perhaps less controversial than with humans; nevertheless. some people worry that producing large numbers of animal clones only increase the likelihood that these animals will be mistreated. Genetic modification of livestock will also provide new opportunities in medicine and research. Today many patients in need of transplants die before organs become available from suitable donors. Cloning pigs has been suggested as a means of rapidly achieving xenotransplantation (异种移植). the use of animal organs to replace organs in human patients. Organs transplanted between species are in danger of being destroyed within minutes by the acute immune response of the body receiving the transplant; however. strategies are being developed to modify pigs genetically so that rejection by the irnrnune system may be effectively prevented. 31. According to the passage people object to the use of cloning to produce copies of humans mainly because 一一一一一· A. its technique is not good enough B. it is immoral and leads to wrong expectations C. it may lead to parents' unnatural behavior to the copy of them D. it may lead to many people' s unemployment 32. Which of the following words can be used to replace the word "well" in Para. 1. Line 6? A. easily B. as one would wish C. quite possibly D. skillfully 544
33.In breeding copies of selected livestock,scientists should take into consideration of all the following aspects EXCEPT一· A.the balance between extreme selection of livestock and continuation of genetic variability B.ill-treatment of the copied animals C.preservation of frozen cells D.intense opposition to animal cloning 34.What do you think would be described in the next paragraph of the passage? A.The strategies to modify pigs genetically. B.People's response to the proposals above. C.The immune system. D.Another potential medical application of cloning. 35.What is the author's attitude towards the technique of cloning? A.In favor of cloning both animals and humans. B.In favor of cloning animals but not humans. C.In favor of cloning humans but not animals. D.In favor of neither cloning animals nor humans. Questions 36~40 are based on the following passage. Legend has it that the first credit card was born in 1950 over lunch at a Manhattan restaurant when Alfred Bloomingdale and his colleague Francis McNamara dreamed up the idea of creating a third party to cover checks at restaurants.They called it Diners Club.But the scheme faced a"chicken-and-egg problem".Consumers didn't want the card until stores accepted it,and merchants wouldn't accept it until consumers carried it. To solve the problem,and to work around federal laws that prevented banks from operating across state lines,banks joined together to form "network joint ventures",such as Visa and MasterCard.Under these arrangements,some member banks recruited ( consumers,others recruited merchants.The banks on both ends earned fees,and they shared the costs of maintaining the networks. 545
33. In breeding copies of selected livestock , scientists should take into consideration of all the following aspects EXCEPT 一一一一-一一· A. the balance between extreme selection of livestock and continuation of genetic variability B. ill-treatment of the copied animals C. preservation of frozen cells D. intense opposition to animal cloning 34. What do you think would be described in the next paragraph of the passage? A. The strategies to modify pigs genetically. B. People' s response to the proposals above. C. The immune system. D. Another potential medical application of cloning. 35. What is the author' s attitude towards the technique of cloning? A. In favor of cloning both animals and humans. B. In favor of cloning animals hut not humans. C. In favor of cloning humans but not animals. D. In favor of neither cloning animals nor humans. Questions 36~40 are based on the following passage. Legend has it that the first credit card was born in 1950 over lunch at a Manhattan restaurant when Alfred Bloomingdale and his colleague Francis McNamara dreamed up the idea of creating a third party to cover checks at restaurants. They called it Diners Club. But the scheme faced a "chicken-and-egg problem". Consumers didn't want the card until stores accepted it , and merchants wouldn't accept it until consumers carried it. To solve the problem , and to work around federal laws that prevented hanks from operating across state lines, banks joined together to form "network joint ventures" , such as Visa and MasterCard. Under these arrangements, some member banks recruited (征募) consumers, others recruited merchants. The banks on hoth ends earned fees , and they shared the costs of maintaining the networks. 545
Because of an antitrust(反托拉斯的，反垄断的)dispute(争论)twenty-five years ago, Visa allows its member banks to join up with MasterCard as well.But it refuses to allow them to collaborate with any other network.The Justice Department is less appreciative.In October 1998-shortly before Paying with Plastic went to press-the government charged Visa and MasterCard with violating the Sherman Antitrust Act.(Wal-Mart and a group of big retailers have filed a related suit,charging that Visa and MasterCard have colluded()to keep fees on their debit cards()unfairly high.The trouble is that today Visa and MasterCard have pretty much the same member banks.Do two ventures with the same owners really have an incentive()to compete? According to the government's complaint,in 1987 MasterCard was prepared to introduce the first "smart card"-a card with an integrated circuit that could store personal data.But MasterCard's board refused to proceed without Visa's go-ahead.Today both brands are still developing a smart card,sharing information all the while.The situation doesn't exactly encourage competition.As Visa International's president and chief executive put it in an unguarded moment in 1992,"If you have got one foot firmly placed on both sides of the street,who cares?”· Some people insist that the Visa-MasterCard partnership does not harm competition or innovation.They point to Visa and MasterCard's rival advertising campaigns and to Citibank's recent decision to switch its primary allegiance()from Visa to MasterCard because only MasterCard would allow it to relegate the network insignia to the back of its plastic cards.The reason no one has introduced smart cards,says Evans,is because the chip (芯片)technology is too expensive,“It is a silly argument,”he says,“The Justice Department is trying to fix something that isn't broken.This industry is extraordinarily successful.” Indeed,however the case turns out,the most popular complaint against the consumer- credit business is likely to remain what it was a century ago:The industry succeeds all too well at putting expensive credit in the hands of weak-willed shoppers. 546
Because of an antitrustC 反托拉斯的，反垄断的) dispute 争论) twenty-five years ago , Visa allows its member banks to join up with MasterCard as well. But it refuses to allow them to collaborate with any other network. The J ustice Department is less appreciative. ln October 1998-shortly before Paying with Plastic went to press-the government charged Visa and MasterCard with violating the Sherman Antitrust Act. CWal-Mart and a group of big retailers have filed a related suit , charging that Visa and MasterCard have colludedC 句结)to keep fees on their debit cards 借记卡) unfairly high. ) The trouble is that today Visa and MasterCard have pretty much the same member banks. Do two ventures with the same owners really have an incentiveC 动机 )to compete? According to the government' s complaint , in 1987 MasterCard was prepared to introduce the first "smart card" - a card with an integrated circuit that could store personal data. But MasterCard' s board refused to proceed without Visa' s go-ahead. Today both brands are still developing a smart card , sharing information all the while. The situation doesn' t exactly encourage competition. As Visa lnternational' s president and chief executive put it in an unguarded moment in 1992 , "lf you have got one foot firmly placed on both sides of the street , who cares?" Some people insist that the Visa-MasterCard partnership does not harm competition or innovation. They point to Visa and MasterCard' s rival advertising campaigns and to Citibank' s recent decision to switch its primary allegiance 效忠) from Visa to MasterCard because only MasterCard would allow it to relegate the network insignia to the back of its plastic cards. The reason no one has introduced smart cards, says Evans, is because the chip (芯片) technology is too expensive. "It is a silly argument ," he says. "The J ustice Department is trying to fix something that isn' t broken. This industry is extraordinarily successful. " lndeed , however the case turns out , the most popular complaint against the consumer credit business is likely to remain what it was a century ago: The industry succeeds all too well at putting expensive credit in the hands of weak-willed shoppers. 546
36.The phrase "chicken-and-egg problem"in paragraph 1 most probably means A.consumers didn't want the card until stores accepted it B.merchants wouldn't accept it until consumers carried it C.both consumers and merchants are very important D.it is hard to say which side should take the initial step 37.According to the text,which of the following may be considered as Visa's violation of the Antitrust Act? A.Allowing its member banks to join up with MasterCard. B.Keeping fees on their debit cards unfairly high. C.Developing a smart card,sharing information all the while. D.Sharing the costs of maintaining the networks. 38.Which of the following is NOT true of a "smart card"? A.It was officially issued 1987. B.It contains an integrated circuit. C.It could store personal data. D.It is being developed by both Visa and MasterCard. 39.Why are people reluctant to accept smart cards according to Evans? A.Because it is too popular. B.Because it is too inconvenient. C.Because the chip itself is too expensive. D.Because theit's cost to produce the chip is too expensive. 40.The best title for the text may be A.Legend of the First Credit Card B.A“Chicken-and-egg Problem” C.Credit Card and Its Problems D.Miraculous Credit Card 547
36. The phrase "chicken-and-egg problem" in paragraph 1 most probably means A. consumers didn't want the card until stores accepted it B. merchants wouldn' t accept it until consumers carried it C. both consumers and merchants are very important D. it is hard to say which side should take the initial step 37. According to the text , which of the following may be considered as Visa' s violation of the Antitrust Act? A. Allowing its member banks to join up with MasterCard. B. Keeping fees on their debit cards unfairly high. C. Developing a smart card , sharing information all the while. D. Sharing the costs of maintaining the networks. 38. Which of the following is NOT true of mart card"? A. It was officially issued 1987. B. It contains an integrated circuit. C. It could store personal data. D. It is being developed by both Visa and MasterCard. 39. Why are people reluctant to accept smart cards according to Evans? A. Because it is too popular. B. Because it is too inconvenient. C. Because the chip itself is too expensive. D. Because theit's cost to produce the chip is too expensive. 40. The best title for the text may be A. Legend of the First Credit Card B. A "Chicken-and-egg Problem" C. Credit Card and Its Problems D. Miraculous Credit Card 547
