FINAL EXAMINATION OF PHYSIOLOGY Date:January 14,2004 Time:8:30 a.m.-10:30 a.m. I.MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (20%) Select the single best answer 1.Cell membranes (A)contain relatively few protein molecules (B)are impermeable to fat-soluble substances (C)in some tissues permit the transport of glucose at a greater rate in the presence of insulin (D)are freely permeable to electrolytes but not proteins (E)have a stable composition throughout the life of the cell 2.The cross-bridges of the sarcomere in skeletal muscle are made up of (A)actin (B)myosin (C)troponin (D)tropomyosin (E)myelin 3.A hematocrit of 41%means that in the sample of blood analyzed (A)41%of the hemoglobin is in the plasma (B)41%of the total blood volumes made up of blood plasma (C)41%of the total blood volumes made up of red and white blood cells and platelets (D)41%of the hemoglobin is in red blood cells (E)41%of the formed elements in blood are red blood cells 4.The work performed by the left ventricle is substantially greater than that performed by the right ventricle,because in the left ventricle
FINAL EXAMINATION OF PHYSIOLOGY Date: January 14, 2004 Time: 8:30 a.m.-10:30 a.m. I. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (20%) Select the single best answer 1. Cell membranes (A) contain relatively few protein molecules (B) are impermeable to fat-soluble substances (C) in some tissues permit the transport of glucose at a greater rate in the presence of insulin (D) are freely permeable to electrolytes but not proteins (E) have a stable composition throughout the life of the cell 2. The cross-bridges of the sarcomere in skeletal muscle are made up of (A) actin (B) myosin (C) troponin (D) tropomyosin (E) myelin 3. A hematocrit of 41% means that in the sample of blood analyzed (A) 41% of the hemoglobin is in the plasma (B) 41% of the total blood volumes made up of blood plasma (C) 41% of the total blood volumes made up of red and white blood cells and platelets (D) 41% of the hemoglobin is in red blood cells (E) 41% of the formed elements in blood are red blood cells 4. The work performed by the left ventricle is substantially greater than that performed by the right ventricle, because in the left ventricle
(A)the contraction is slower (B)the wall is thicker (C)the stroke volume is greater (D)the preload is greater (E)the afterload is greater 5.Which of the following is responsible for the movement of 02 from the alveoli into the blood in the pulmonary capillaries? (A)Passive diffusion (B)Filtration (C)Secondary active transport (D)Facilitated diffusion (E)Active transport 6.Which of the following has the lowest pH? (A)Gastric juice (B)Bile in the gallbladder (C)Pancreatic juice (D)Saliva (E)Secretions of the intestinal glands 7.What is the clearance of a substance when its concentration in the plasma is 10 mg/dL,its concentration in the urine is 100 mg/dL,and urine flow is 2 mL/min? (A)2 mL/min (B)10 mL/min (C)20 mL/min (D)200 mL/min (E)Clearance cannot be determined from the information given 8.Visual accommodation involves
(A) the contraction is slower (B) the wall is thicker (C) the stroke volume is greater (D) the preload is greater (E) the afterload is greater 5. Which of the following is responsible for the movement of O2 from the alveoli into the blood in the pulmonary capillaries? (A) Passive diffusion (B) Filtration (C) Secondary active transport (D) Facilitated diffusion (E) Active transport 6. Which of the following has the lowest pH? (A) Gastric juice (B) Bile in the gallbladder (C) Pancreatic juice (D) Saliva (E) Secretions of the intestinal glands 7. What is the clearance of a substance when its concentration in the plasma is 10 mg/dL, its concentration in the urine is 100 mg/dL, and urine flow is 2 mL/min? (A) 2 mL/min (B) 10 mL/min (C) 20 mL/min (D) 200 mL/min (E) Clearance cannot be determined from the information given 8. Visual accommodation involves
(A)increased tension on the lens ligaments (B)a decrease in the curvature of the lens (C)relaxation of the sphincter muscle of the iris (D)contraction of the ciliary muscle (E)increased intraocular pressure 9.A primary function of the basal ganglia is (A)sensory integration (B)short-term memory (C)planning voluntary movement (D)neuroendocrine control (E)slow-wave sleep 10.Which of the followings is produced only by large amounts of glucocorticoids? (A)Normal responsiveness of fat depots to norepinephrine (B)Maintenance of normal vascular reactivity (C)Increased excretion of a water load (D)Inhibition of the inflammatory response (E)Inhibition of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)secretion II.TERMS (30%) 1.Threshold potential 2.Blood coagulation 3.Intrinsic factor (in stomach) 4.Body temperature 5.Referred pain 6.Menstrual cycle III.QUESTIONS (40%) 1.Describe the mechanisms of the initiation and termination of action potential in neuron
(A) increased tension on the lens ligaments (B) a decrease in the curvature of the lens (C) relaxation of the sphincter muscle of the iris (D) contraction of the ciliary muscle (E) increased intraocular pressure 9. A primary function of the basal ganglia is (A) sensory integration (B) short-term memory (C) planning voluntary movement (D) neuroendocrine control (E) slow-wave sleep 10. Which of the followings is produced only by large amounts of glucocorticoids? (A) Normal responsiveness of fat depots to norepinephrine (B) Maintenance of normal vascular reactivity (C) Increased excretion of a water load (D) Inhibition of the inflammatory response (E) Inhibition of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion II. TERMS (30%) 1. Threshold potential 2. Blood coagulation 3. Intrinsic factor (in stomach) 4. Body temperature 5. Referred pain 6. Menstrual cycle III. QUESTIONS (40%) 1. Describe the mechanisms of the initiation and termination of action potential in neuron
2.Describe the effects of arterial PC02-,[H+]-and P02-on alveolar ventilation and their mechanisms. 3.What is glomerular filtration rate?Please list the factors affecting glomerular filtration. 4.What are the endocrinologic causes of dwarfism and cretinism,and how does each lead to short stature? IV.CASE (10%) A 63-year-old man suddenly felt a crushing pain beneath his sternum.He became weak and began to sweat profusely.He called his physician,who advised him to go to the hospital immediately by ambulance.The tests made at the hospital confirmed his physician's belief that the patient had suffered a "heart attack";that is,a major coronary artery had suddenly become occluded. 1.When a coronary artery is occluded,the K+concentration rises in the interstitial fluid of the ischemic region (i.e.,the region deprived of its blood supply)of the ventricular myocardium.What effect does the elevated K+ concentration in the interstitial fluid have on the resting membrane potential of the myocardial cells in the ischemic zone? 2.What effect does the change in resting membrane potential have on the propagation of the cardiac impulse?Why? Soon after the patient arrived at the hospital,the activity in the vagus nerve fibers to the heart increased reflexly. 3.What electrophysiologic effects would increased vagal activity have on the automatic cells in the sinoatrial node? 4.What electrophysiologic effects would increased vagal activity have on the conduction fibers in the atrioventricular node? About 1 hour after the coronary artery became occluded,conduction in the bundle of His ceased abruptly.The conduction block persisted for several days. 5.At approximately what rates would the atria and ventricles beat after the His bundles had been completely blocked?Where do the impulses originate that
2. Describe the effects of arterial PCO2-, [H+]- and PO2ˉ on alveolar ventilation and their mechanisms. 3. What is glomerular filtration rate? Please list the factors affecting glomerular filtration. 4. What are the endocrinologic causes of dwarfism and cretinism, and how does each lead to short stature? IV. CASE (10%) A 63-year-old man suddenly felt a crushing pain beneath his sternum. He became weak and began to sweat profusely. He called his physician, who advised him to go to the hospital immediately by ambulance. The tests made at the hospital confirmed his physician's belief that the patient had suffered a "heart attack"; that is, a major coronary artery had suddenly become occluded. 1. When a coronary artery is occluded, the K+ concentration rises in the interstitial fluid of the ischemic region (i.e., the region deprived of its blood supply) of the ventricular myocardium. What effect does the elevated K+ concentration in the interstitial fluid have on the resting membrane potential of the myocardial cells in the ischemic zone? 2. What effect does the change in resting membrane potential have on the propagation of the cardiac impulse? Why? Soon after the patient arrived at the hospital, the activity in the vagus nerve fibers to the heart increased reflexly. 3. What electrophysiologic effects would increased vagal activity have on the automatic cells in the sinoatrial node? 4. What electrophysiologic effects would increased vagal activity have on the conduction fibers in the atrioventricular node? About l hour after the coronary artery became occluded, conduction in the bundle of His ceased abruptly. The conduction block persisted for several days. 5. At approximately what rates would the atria and ventricles beat after the His bundles had been completely blocked? Where do the impulses originate that
initiate the atrial and ventricular contractions in such a patient with complete atrioventricular block? ANSWER SHEET FINAL EXAMINATION OF PHYSIOLOGY Class Department Registration Number Name (in Chinese) I.MCQ II.TERMS III.QUESTIONS IV.CASE TOTAL I.MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (20%) Select the single best answer 1. 6. 2. 7. 3. 8. 9 5. 10. I.TERMS (30%) 1.Threshold potential 2.Blood coagulation
initiate the atrial and ventricular contractions in such a patient with complete atrioventricular block? ANSWER SHEET FINAL EXAMINATION OF PHYSIOLOGY Class _________________ Department _______________________ Registration Number ___________________________ Name ________________________________________ (in Chinese) I. MCQ II. TERMS III. QUESTIONS IV. CASE TOTAL I. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (20%) Select the single best answer 1. 6. 2. 7. 3. 8. 4. 9. 5. 10. I. TERMS (30%) 1. Threshold potential 2. Blood coagulation
3.Intrinsic factor (in stomach) 4.Body temperature 5.Referred pain 6.Menstrual cycle III.QUESTIONS (40%) 1.Describe the mechanism of the initiation and termination of action potential in neuron. 2.Describes the effects of arterial PC02-,[H+]-and P02 on alveolar ventilation and their mechanisms
3. Intrinsic factor (in stomach) 4. Body temperature 5. Referred pain 6. Menstrual cycle III. QUESTIONS (40%) 1. Describe the mechanism of the initiation and termination of action potential in neuron. 2. Describes the effects of arterial PCO2-, [H+]- and PO2ˉ on alveolar ventilation and their mechanisms
3.What is glomerular filtration rate?Please list the factors affecting glomerular filtration. 4.What are the endocrinologic causes of dwarfism and cretinism,and how does each lead to short stature? IV.CASE (10%)
3. What is glomerular filtration rate? Please list the factors affecting glomerular filtration. 4. What are the endocrinologic causes of dwarfism and cretinism, and how does each lead to short stature? IV. CASE (10%)