新考纲完形填句(段)题型制胜方略 完形填句(段)是2005年新增加题型,许多同学对这种新题型感到比较陌生,特写此 文与广大学员商榷与探讨 大纲要求 1篇文章(500-600词),测试文章结构,共10分,该节共5题,主要考察考生对诸如连 贯性、一致性、逻辑联系等语篇、语段整体特征的理解,即要求考生在理解全文的基础上弄 清文章的整体和微观结构 、出题形式以及特点 1.出题位置 ①句子(段首,段中,段尾,缺1句或1个以上的句子 ②段落(一般是一段) 该节分为两个部分:主干部分和选项部分。主干部分的原文约600词,其中有5段空白 处一空白处的位置可能在段首、段落中间、段未,但不会是文章的第一句,一般情况下也不 会是最后一句。选项部分为6或7文字,每段可能是一个句子,可能是两三个短句,也有可 能是完整的段落。其中5段分属于主干部分的空白处。要求考生依据自己对文章的理解从选 项中选择5段文字放回到文章中相应的5段空白处 2出题数量 非等额选项(题目5道,6-7个选项) 3测试重点 考生需要认真搞清楚主干内容和结构上的关系和布局,从而分辨出选项部分从结构和内 容上看是属于文章的哪个部分,并可以与空白处的上下文有机地衔接起来。一般情况下不可 能有特别明显的词汇、句子等语言方面的提示,也并不要求考生过分关注某一具体的细节; 而是要着眼于全文,在理解全文内容、文章结构、逻辑关系(如时间、地点、因果关系、从 属关系等)的基础之上方能做出正确选择
新考纲完形填句(段)题型制胜方略 北京新东方学校 完形填句（段）是 2005 年新增加题型，许多同学对这种新题型感到比较陌生，特写此 文与广大学员商榷与探讨。 一、大纲要求 1 篇文章(500-600 词)，测试文章结构，共 10 分，该节共 5 题，主要考察考生对诸如连 贯性、一致性、逻辑联系等语篇、语段整体特征的理解，即要求考生在理解全文的基础上弄 清文章的整体和微观结构。 二、出题形式以及特点 1．出题位置 ① 句子(段首,段中,段尾 ,缺 1 句或 1 个以上的句子) ② 段落(一般是一段) 该节分为两个部分：主干部分和选项部分。主干部分的原文约 600 词，其中有 5 段空白 处—空白处的位置可能在段首、段落中间、段未，但不会是文章的第一句，一般情况下也不 会是最后一句。选项部分为 6 或 7 文字，每段可能是一个句子，可能是两三个短句，也有可 能是完整的段落。其中 5 段分属于主干部分的空白处。要求考生依据自己对文章的理解从选 项中选择 5 段文字放回到文章中相应的 5 段空白处。 2 出题数量 非等额选项（题目 5 道，6-7 个选项） 3 测试重点 考生需要认真搞清楚主干内容和结构上的关系和布局，从而分辨出选项部分从结构和内 容上看是属于文章的哪个部分，并可以与空白处的上下文有机地衔接起来。一般情况下不可 能有特别明显的词汇、句子等语言方面的提示，也并不要求考生过分关注某一具体的细节； 而是要着眼于全文，在理解全文内容、文章结构、逻辑关系（如时间、地点、因果关系、从 属关系等）的基础之上方能做出正确选择
三、文章的结构 1描述性结构(主要介绍事物、问题或倾向的特点,对人物的描述如传记,包括人身 体特征、家庭背景、成长过程、个性爱好、成就贡献等内容进行描述、因此时间、地点往往 是出题重点 2释义性结构解释某一理论、学科、事物,主要用例子比喻类比阐述) 3比较性结构把两个人或事物功能、特点、优缺点进行对比) 4原因性结构(这种结构主要分析事物的成因,客观的、主观的、直接的、间接的) 5驳斥性结构(这种结构主要是先介绍一种观点,然后对其评论或驳斥,然后分析其 优点缺点,危害性,最后阐明自己的观点 以上文章结构的知识其实反映了完型填句(段)题型的出题原则。 四、完形填句(段)题解题步骤 1阅读文章题目附近的句子,锁定目标答案可能的特征 2阅读选择项,寻找特征词 特征词:代词、专用名词、连接词、数字、复数名词等 3回头再去看原文,明确1—5位置 ①开头常是主题句,不行再看前和尾 ②中间不忘主题句,前瞻后望找启示 ③末尾常是下结论,也可排比和例子 4用代入法通读全文,检查答案是否合理 五、完形填句(段)题的解题技巧 1就近原则寻找信息线索 2选项中出现时间年代时,往往要注意与原文中年代的前后对应关系
三、文章的结构 1 描述性结构(主要介绍事物 、问题或倾向的特点，对人物的描述如传记，包括人身 体特征、家庭背景、成长过程、个性爱好、成就贡献等内容进行描述、因此时间、地点往往 是出题重点) 2 释义性结构(解释某一理论、学科、事物，主要用例子比喻类比阐述) 3 比较性结构(把两个人或事物功能、特点、优缺点进行对比) 4 原因性结构(这种结构主要分析事物的成因，客观的、主观的、直接的、间接的) 5 驳斥性结构(这种结构主要是先介绍一种观点，然后对其评论或驳斥，然后分析其 优点缺点，危害性，最后阐明自己的观点)。 以上文章结构的知识其实反映了完型填句（段）题型的出题原则。 四、完形填句（段）题解题步骤 1 阅读文章题目附近的句子，锁定目标答案可能的特征 2 阅读选择项，寻找特征词 特征词：代词、专用名词、连接词、数字、复数名词等 3 回头再去看原文，明确 1—5 位置 ①开头常是主题句，不行再看前和尾 ②中间不忘主题句，前瞻后望找启示 ③ 末尾常是下结论，也可排比和例子 4 用代入法通读全文，检查答案是否合理 五、完形填句（段）题的解题技巧 1 就近原则寻找信息线索 2 选项中出现时间年代时，往往要注意与原文中年代的前后对应关系
3选项中出现代词时,往往该选项往往不能放在首句,往往要注意指代成立的条件。 t可指代前面的单数名词或整个句子;they或them指代前面的复数名词:one指代前面 的单数可数名词;that指代前面的不可数名词或句子;this指代前面的单数名词或句子 4绝对常是干扰项,意思太泛太窄要小心 5警惕无关离题词,两项相近有答案 6选项对比原文时,与原文重复或同义改写的字越多的往往就是选项 7总体观、相互补,做题不用按顺序,选做易后做难,莫忘近邻上下文 8完形填句题常考的逻辑关系词 并列和递进关系 ①标志词:and, indeed. also, besides, almost,even, similarly,like, correspondingly accordingly, in the same way, meanwhile, furthermore, moreover, too ②前后句子的名词或意思具有同指性 转折或让步的对立关系 ①标志词:but,yet, however, although, though, while, wheras, despite, by contrast, on the contrary ②前后句子的名词同指,但句意对立,往往出现以下情况:a褒贬对立:b.句式结构对 立,前肯后否、前否后肯 例证关系 ①标志词: for example, for instance. for one thing, to illustrate, as an illustra ②出题模式:a.总结说明例子(例证),总结说明后往往伴有表例证关系的提示词 example, for in stance此时前面往往有复数名词或表述概念句子。b.例子(例证)总结说 明,总结说明提前往往伴有提示词:thus, therefore, in conclusion, as a result 定义关系 ①有定义或释义关系的句子往往是文章或段落主题句,所以放段首或段尾
3 选项中出现代词时，往往该选项往往不能放在首句，往往要注意指代成立的条件。 it 可指代前面的单数名词或整个句子；they 或 them 指代前面的复数名词；one 指代前面 的单数可数名词；that 指代前面的不可数名词或句子；this 指代前面的单数名词或句子。 4 绝对常是干扰项，意思太泛太窄要小心 5 警惕无关离题词，两项相近有答案 6 选项对比原文时，与原文重复或同义改写的字越多的往往就是选项 7 总体观、相互补，做题不用按顺序，选做易后做难，莫忘近邻上下文 8 完形填句题常考的逻辑关系词 并列和递进关系 ①标志词： and, indeed,also, besides, almost, even, similarly, like, correspondingly, accordingly, in the same way, meanwhile, furthermore, moreover, too ②前后句子的名词或意思具有同指性 转折或让步的对立关系 ①标志词：but, yet, however, although, though, while, wheras, despite, by contrast, on the contrary ②前后句子的名词同指，但句意对立，往往出现以下情况：a.褒贬对立；b.句式结构对 立，前肯后否、前否后肯 例证关系 ①标志词 ：for example, for instance. for one thing, to illustrate, as an illustration, that is, namely, verify ②出题模式：a. 总结说明 例子(例证)，总结说明后往往伴有表例证关系的提示词；for example, for in stance 此时前面往往有复数名词或表述概念句子。b. 例子(例证) 总结说 明，总结说明提前往往伴有提示词：thus ,therefore, in conclusion, as a result 定义关系 ①有定义或释义关系的句子往往是文章或段落主题句，所以放段首或段尾
②下定义的方式有:a:判断句:AisB:b:名词(被定义对象)+定语从句(定义内容) 名词+同位语;d:名词+ be called+名词;e:by+名词(被定义对象)+ be meant+名词定义内 ③下定义时所伴随的过度词: namely, in other words, that is to say, or rather 9放在段首的句子的特点 ①当选项或某段段首会含有 between…and, either…or, not only… but also ②复数名词时,那么该段将是总分结构,其中提到的名词可能定是线索 ③会有标点符号:或 10放在段尾的句子有时也会有提示词: ①因果连词: therefore,thus, as a result, for this reason, hence ②总结性连词: in short., to sum up, to conclude, in a word ③转折性连词:but, nevertheless 六完形填句(段)通用的解题方法 1主旨解题法 2同现关系 3复现关系 4逻辑关系与解题法 5数单词个数解题法 完形填句(段)题型示范及练习 第一篇(样题) Directions: In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list a-g to fit into each of the numbered blank there are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 point
②下定义的方式有：a：判断句：A is B；b：名词(被定义对象)+定语从句(定义内容)；c： 名词 +同位语；d：名词+be called+名词；e：by+名词(被定义对象)+be meant + 名词(定义内 容)。 ③下定义时所伴随的过度词：namely, in other words, that is to say, or rather 9 放在段首的句子的特点 ①当选项或某段段首会含有 between…and ,either…or, not only…but also； ②复数名词时，那么该段将是总分结构，其中提到的名词可能定是线索； ③会有标点符号：或； 10 放在段尾的句子有时也会有提示词： ①因果连词：therefore, thus, as a result, for this reason, hence ②总结性连词：in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word ③转折性连词：but, nevertheless 六 完形填句（段）通用的解题方法 1 主旨解题法 2 同现关系 3 复现关系 4 逻辑关系与解题法 5 数单词个数解题法 完形填句（段）题型示范及练习 第一篇（样题） Directions: In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45 ,choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices ,which do not fit in any of the gaps .Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)
Long before Man lived on the Earth, there were fishes, reptiles, birds, insects, and some mammals Ithough some of these animals were ancestors of kinds living today, others are now extinct, that is, they have no descendants alive now 41)Very occasionally the rocks show impression of skin, so that, apart from color, we can build up a reasonably accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago. That kind of rock in which the remains are found tells us much about the nature of the original land, often of the plants that grew on it, and even of its climate 42) Nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocks formed by water action, and most of these are of animals that lived in or near water. Thus it follows that there must be many kinds of mammals, birds, and insects of which we know noting 43)There were also crablike creatures, whose bodies were covered with a horny substance. The body segments each had two pairs of legs, one pair for walking on the sandy bottom, the other for lenses. They were usually an inch or two long but some were 2 feer eyes, often with thousands of swimming. The head was a kind of shield with a pair of compound 4)Of these, the ammonites are very interesting and important. They have a shell composed of many chambers, each representing a temporary home of the animal. As the young grew larger it grew a new chamber and sealed off the previous one. Thousands of these can be seen in the rocks on the dorset coast 45) About 75 million years ago the Age of Reptiles was over and most of the groups died out The mammals quickly developed, and we can trace the evolution of many familiar animals such as the elephant and horse. Many of the later mammals though now extinct, were known to primitive man and were featured by him in cave paintings and on bone carvings [A]The shellfish have a long history in the rock and many different kinds are known BNevertheless, we know a great deal about many of them because their bones and shells have been preserved in the rocks as fossils, From them we can tell their size and shape, how they walked, the kind of food they ate IC]The first animals with true backbones were the fishes, first known in the rocks of 375 million years ago. About 300 million years ago the amphibians the animals able to live both on land and in water, appeared. They were giant, sometimes 8 feet long, and many of them lived in the swampy pools in which our coal seam, or layer, or formed. The amphibians gave rise to the reptiles and for nearly 150 million years these were the principal forms of life on land, in the sea and in the air D The best index fossils tend to be marine creature There animals evolved rapidly and spread over large over large areas of the world [E]The earliest animals whose remains have been found were all very simple kinds and lived in the sea. later forma are complex and among these are the sea-lilies, relations of the tar-fishes, which had long arms and were attached by a long stalk to the sea bed, or to rocks
Long before Man lived on the Earth , there were fishes ,reptiles, birds, insects, and some mammals. Although some of these animals were ancestors of kinds living today ,others are now extinct, that is, they have no descendants alive now . 41)Very occasionally the rocks show impression of skin, so that, apart from color, we can build up a reasonably accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago. That kind of rock in which the remains are found tells us much about the nature of the original land ,often of the plants that grew on it, and even of its climate. 42)____Nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocks formed by water action, and most of these are of animals that lived in or near water. Thus it follows that there must be many kinds of mammals, birds, and insects of which we know noting. 43) There were also crablike creatures, whose bodies were covered with a horny substance. The body segments each had two pairs of legs, one pair for walking on the sandy bottom ,the other for swimming. The head was a kind of shield with a pair of compound eyes, often with thousands of lenses. They were usually an inch or two long but some were 2 feet. 44)____Of these, the ammonites are very interesting and important .They have a shell composed of many chambers , each representing a temporary home of the animal .As the young grew larger it grew a new chamber and sealed off the previous one .Thousands of these can be seen in the rocks on the Dorset Coast . 45)____ About 75 million years ago the Age of Reptiles was over and most of the groups died out .The mammals quickly developed, and we can trace the evolution of many familiar animals such as the elephant and horse . Many of the later mammals though now extinct ,were known to primitive man and were featured by him in cave paintings and on bone carvings . [A]The shellfish have a long history in the rock and many different kinds are known. [B]Nevertheless , we know a great deal about many of them because their bones and shells have been preserved in the rocks as fossils ,From them we can tell their size and shape ,how they walked ,the kind of food they ate . [C]The first animals with true backbones were the fishes ,first known in the rocks of 375 million years ago .About 300 million years ago the amphibians ,the animals able to live both on land and in water , appeared. They were giant ,sometimes 8 feet long ,and many of them lived in the swampy pools in which our coal seam ,or layer ,or formed .The amphibians gave rise to the reptiles and for nearly 150 million years these were the principal forms of life on land ,in the sea ,and in the air . [D]The best index fossils tend to be marine creature .There animals evolved rapidly and spread over large over large areas of the world . [E]The earliest animals whose remains have been found were all very simple kinds and lived in the sea. Later forma are more complex ,and among these are the sea-lilies , relations of the star-fishes ,which had long arms and were attached by a long stalk to the sea bed ,or to rocks
[F]When an animal dies, the body its bones, or shell, may often be carried away by streams into lakes or the sea and there get covered up by mud. If the animal lived in the sea its body would probably sink and be covered with mud. More and more mud would fall upon it until the bones or shell become embedded and IG]Many factors can influence how fossils are preserved in rocks. Remains of an organism may be replaced by minerals, dissolved by an acidic solution to leave only their impression, or simply reduced to a more stable form 本篇介绍的是史前类动物。文章结构的脉络清晰:首先介绍什么是史前动物和我们研究 史前动物的依据一一化石,以及化石形成的过程。随后,作者即按照动物进化的顺序一一我 们可以见到其化石的最早的动物,水生壳类动物,脊椎类动物一—逐一加以介绍 41.文章一开始,作者告诉我们,早在人类出现以前地球上就许多物种,现在有些物种 的后代依然生存,而另外一些则没有留下后裔。在本题空白处后面文章又说岩石上偶尔会留 下数百万年前就死掉了的动物精确的印记。显然,空白处应该是关于岩石与灭绝了的动物之 间的关系(7个选项中有A、B、E、G四项提到了“rock”,但另外大三项意思上不符)。此 外,空白处前面的“ extinct”和“ no descendant”均为否定意义和表达,而空白处的后面 “ accurate”和“much”则为肯定意义的表达;这意味着空白处的内容应该有一个结构上的 转折一只有B项符合这一条件。所以正确答案只能是B 42.本题具有相当的难度。由于G项一开始就有“ how fossils ate preserved”,与上文和 下文似乎都是相吻合的;但是G项后面讲的是动物遗体上的有机组织“ organism”可能转达 化成几种形式而本题空白处后面的内容则告诉人们“ Nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocks formed by water action”(岩石中几乎所有的化石都是由于水作用泥沙 对于化石保存下来所起的作用一与上下文相符合。 43.本题选择的线索有两条:下文中有“ There were also crab- like creatures…’,空白处 显然有关于另一动物的内容;从本段开始,文章转向讨论由低级高级变化(进化)中的动物。 E项开始的部分是“ The earliest animals whose remains have been found…”,符合文章写作的 顺序。B项与上文相符,但与下文不符,且与全文结构不相吻合 4.本题选择的主要根据是:下文一开始就有“ Of these,…”,也就是说,空白部分应该 有“some, several,many”或类似的词,答案只能是A。由于文中有了“ The first animals” 为避免句式上的复,作者改变句子起始的模式一这种做法很多见,因而也是考生阅读和写作 中应该注意的 45.从文章的整体结构看,这里需要一个内容的“高潮”:前面几段,动物都在不断的 进化,而下文中“ About75 million years ago the Age of Reptiles was over”这里需要有一个“交 代”。只有C项符合这一条件;同时,“ reptile”在本题空白处前文章中从没有提到,在下文 中又没有作为新信息,因而作为正确答案的选项中一定有这个词,只有C项中有“The amphibians gave rise to the reptiles for nearly 150 million years these were the principal forms of life on land, in the sea, and in the sea, and in the air”。所以正确答案只能是C
[F]When an animal dies ,the body ,its bones ,or shell ,may often be carried away by streams into lakes or the sea and there get covered up by mud .If the animal lived in the sea its body would probably sink and be covered with mud .More and more mud would fall upon it until the bones or shell become embedded and preserved . [G]Many factors can influence how fossils are preserved in rocks .Remains of an organism may be replaced by minerals, dissolved by an acidic solution to leave only their impression, or simply reduced to a more stable form . 本篇介绍的是史前类动物。文章结构的脉络清晰：首先介绍什么是史前动物和我们研究 史前动物的依据——化石，以及化石形成的过程。随后，作者即按照动物进化的顺序——我 们可以见到其化石的最早的动物，水生壳类动物，脊椎类动物——逐一加以介绍。 41．文章一开始，作者告诉我们，早在人类出现以前地球上就许多物种，现在有些物种 的后代依然生存，而另外一些则没有留下后裔。在本题空白处后面文章又说岩石上偶尔会留 下数百万年前就死掉了的动物精确的印记。显然，空白处应该是关于岩石与灭绝了的动物之 间的关系（7 个选项中有 A﹑B﹑E﹑G 四项提到了“rock”,但另外大三项意思上不符）。此 外，空白处前面的“extinct”和“no descendant”均为否定意义和表达，而空白处的后面 “accurate”和“much”则为肯定意义的表达；这意味着空白处的内容应该有一个结构上的 “转折—只有 B 项符合这一条件。所以正确答案只能是 B。 42．本题具有相当的难度。由于 G 项一开始就有“how fossils ate preserved” ,与上文和 下文似乎都是相吻合的；但是 G 项后面讲的是动物遗体上的有机组织“organism”可能转达 化成几种形式而本题空白处后面的内容则告诉人们“Nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocks formed by water action”(岩石中几乎所有的化石都是由于水作用泥沙 对于化石保存下来所起的作用—与上下文相符合。 43．本题选择的线索有两条：下文中有“There were also crab-like creatures …’,空白处 显然有关于另一动物的内容；从本段开始，文章转向讨论由低级高级变化（进化）中的动物。 E 项开始的部分是“The earliest animals whose remains have been found…”,符合文章写作的 顺序。B 项与上文相符，但与下文不符，且与全文结构不相吻合。 44．本题选择的主要根据是：下文一开始就有“Of these,…”,也就是说，空白部分应该 有“some, several, many”或类似的词，答案只能是 A。由于文中有了“The first animals”, 为避免句式上的复，作者改变句子起始的模式—这种做法很多见，因而也是考生阅读和写作 中应该注意的。 45．从文章的整体结构看，这里需要一个内容的“高潮”：前面几段，动物都在不断的 进化，而下文中“About 75 million years ago the Age of Reptiles was over”,这里需要有一个“交 代”。只有 C 项符合这一条件；同时，“reptile”在本题空白处前文章中从没有提到，在下文 中又没有作为新信息，因而作为正确答案的选项中一定有这个词，只有 C 项中有“The amphibians gave rise to the reptiles for nearly 150 million years these were the principal forms of life on land, in the sea, and in the sea ,and in the air”。所以正确答案只能是 C
(解释的资料来源于全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试分析) 第二篇 Directions In the following article some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-g to fit into each of the numbered blank. there are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1(10 points) English has become the world s number one language in the 20th century. In every country where English is not the native language, especially in the Third World, people must strive to learn it to the best of their abilities, if they want to participate fully in the development of their countries 41) 42). Nonetheless, a world full of different languages will disappear if the present trend in many countries to use English to replace the national or official languages in education, trade and even politics continues. 43) The Third World countries that are now using English as a medium of instruction are depriving 75 per cent of their future leaders of a proper education. According to many studies, only around 20 to 25 per cent of students in these countries can manage to learn the language of instruction (English)as well as basic subjects at the same time many leaders of these Third World countries are obsessed with English and for them English is everything They seem to believe that if the students speak English, they are already knowledgeable All the greatest countries of the world are great because they constantly use their own languages in all national development activities, including education. From a psychological point of view, those who are taught in their own language from the start will develop better self-confidence and self-reliance. From a linguistic point of view, the best brains can only be produced if students are ducted in their own language from the start. 45) There is nothing wrong, however, in learning a foreign language at advanced levels of education But the best thing to do is to have a good education in one s native language first, then go abroad to have a university education in a foreign language [A]If this situation continues, the native or official languages of these countries will certainly die within two or three generations. This phenomenon has been called linguistic genocide. A language dies if it is not fully used in most activities, particularly as a medium of instruction in schools [B] Those who are taught in a foreign language from the start will tend to be imitators and lack self-confidence. They will tend to rely on foreign consultants IC Suppose you work in a big firm and find English very important for your job because you often deal with foreign businessmen. Now you are looking for a place where you can improve nglish, especially your spoken English [] But many people are concerned that Englishs dominance will destroy native languages
（解释的资料来源于全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试分析） 第二篇 Directions: In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45 ,choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices ,which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points) English has become the world’s number one language in the 20th century. In every country where English is not the native language，especially in the Third World，people must strive to learn it to the best of their abilities，if they want to participate fully in the development of their countries. 41) . 42)____.Nonetheless，a world full of different languages will disappear if the present trend in many countries to use English to replace the national or official languages in education，trade and even politics continues. 43) The Third World countries that are now using English as a medium of instruction are depriving 75 per cent of their future leaders of a proper education. According to many studies，only around 20 to 25 per cent of students in these countries can manage to learn the language of instruction （English）as well as basic subjects at the same time. Many leaders of these Third World countries are obsessed with English and for them English is everything. They seem to believe that if the students speak English，they are already knowledgeable. 44)___ _ All the greatest countries of the world are great because they constantly use their own languages in all national development activities，including education. From a psychological point of view，those who are taught in their own language from the start will develop better self-confidence and self-reliance. From a linguistic point of view，the best brains can only be produced if students are educated in their own language from the start. 45)___ _ There is nothing wrong，however，in learning a foreign language at advanced levels of education. But the best thing to do is to have a good education in one’s native language first，then go abroad to have a university education in a foreign language. [A] If this situation continues，the native or official languages of these countries will certainly die within two or three generations. This phenomenon has been called linguistic genocide. A language dies if it is not fully used in most activities，particularly as a medium of instruction in schools. [B] Those who are taught in a foreign language from the start will tend to be imitators and lack self-confidence. They will tend to rely on foreign consultants. [C] Suppose you work in a big firm and find English very important for your job because you often deal with foreign businessmen. Now you are looking for a place where you can improve your English，especially your spoken English. [D] But many people are concerned that English’s dominance will destroy native languages
[E] These leaders speak and write English much better than their national languages. If these leaders deliver speeches anywhere in the world they use English and they feel more at home with it and proud of their ability as well. The citizens of their countries do not understand their leaders peaches because they are made in a foreign language [F Here are some advertisements about English language training from newspapers. You may find the information you need IG A close examination reveals a great number of languages have fallen casualty to English. For example, it has wiped out Hawaiian, Welsh, Scotch Gaelic, Irish, native American languages and many others. Luckily, some of these languages are now being revived, such as Hawaiian and Welsh, and these languages will live again, hopefully, if dedicated people continue their work of reviving them 第三篇 Directions In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list a-g to fit into each of the numbered blank. there are two extra choices which do not fit in any of the gaps Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1(10 In 1959 the average American family paid $989 for a year's supply of food. In 1972 the family paid $ 1, 311. That was a price increase of nearly one-third. Every family has had this sort of experience. Everyone agrees that the cost of feeding a family has risen sharply. But there is less agreement when reasons for the rise are being discussed. Who is really responsible? Many blame the farmers who produce the vegetables, fruit, meat, eggs, and cheese that stores offer for sale. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the farmer's share of the $ 1, 31lspent by the family in 1972 was $ 521. This was 31 per cent more than the farmer had received in1959 But farmers claim that this increase was very small compared to the increase in their cost of living Farmers tend to blame others for the sharp rise in food prices. They particularly blame those who process the farm products after the products leave the farm. These include truck drivers, meat packers, manufacturers of packages and other food containers, and the owners of stores where food is sold. 41) Of the S 1, 31lfamily food bill in1972, middlemen received 790, which was 33 per cent more than they had received in 1959. It appears that the middlemen' s profit has increased more than farmers. But some economists claim that the middlemans actual profit was very low. According amounted to less than one per cent. During the same period all other manufacturers were making a profit of more than 5 per cent. 42) 43)Vegetables and chicken cost more when they have been cut into pieces by someone other than the one who buys it. A family should expect to pay more when several"TV dinners" are taken home from the store. These are fully cooked meals, consisting of meat, vegetables, and sometimes
[E] These leaders speak and write English much better than their national languages. If these leaders deliver speeches anywhere in the world they use English and they feel more at home with it and proud of their ability as well. The citizens of their countries do not understand their leaders’ speeches because they are made in a foreign language. [F] Here are some advertisements about English language training from newspapers. You may find the information you need. [G] A close examination reveals a great number of languages have fallen casualty to English. For example，it has wiped out Hawaiian，Welsh，Scotch Gaelic，Irish，native American languages， and many others. Luckily，some of these languages are now being revived，such as Hawaiian and Welsh，and these languages will live again，hopefully，if dedicated people continue their work of reviving them. 第三篇 Directions: In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45 ,choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices ,which do not fit in any of the gaps .Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points) In 1959 the average American family paid ＄989 for a year’s supply of food. In 1972 the family paid＄1，311.That was a price increase of nearly one-third. Every family has had this sort of experience. Everyone agrees that the cost of feeding a family has risen sharply. But there is less agreement when reasons for the rise are being discussed. Who is really responsible? Many blame the farmers who produce the vegetables，fruit，meat，eggs，and cheese that stores offer for sale. According to the U.S.Department of Agriculture，the farmer’s share of the＄1，311spent by the family in 1972 was ＄521.This was 31 per cent more than the farmer had received in1959. But farmers claim that this increase was very small compared to the increase in their cost of living. Farmers tend to blame others for the sharp rise in food prices. They particularly blame those who process the farm products after the products leave the farm. These include truck drivers，meat packers，manufacturers of packages and other food containers，and the owners of stores where food is sold. 41) . Of the ＄1，311family food bill in1972，middlement received＄790，which was 33 per cent more than they had received in 1959.It appears that the middlemen’s profit has increased more than farmer’s. But some economists claim that the middleman’s actual profit was very low. According to economists at the First National City Bank，the profit for meat packers and food stores amounted to less than one per cent. During the same period all other manufacturers were making a profit of more than 5 per cent. 42)____. 43) Vegetables and chicken cost more when they have been cut into pieces by someone other than the one who buys it. A family should expect to pay more when several “TV dinners” are taken home from the store. These are fully cooked meals，consisting of meat，vegetables，and sometimes
desert, all arranged on a metal dish. The dish is put into the oven and heated while the housewife is doing something else. Such a convenience costs money. 44 Economists remind us that many modern housewives have jobs outside the home. They earn money that helps to pay the family food bills. The housewife naturally has less time and energy for cooking after a days work. She wants to buy many kinds of food that can be put on her familys table easily and quickly. 45) It appears that the answer to the question of rising prices is not a simple one. Producers consumers,and middlemen all share the responsibility for the sharp rise in food costs [A]Thus, as economists point out: "Some of the basic reasons for widening food price spreads are easily traceable to the increasing use of convenience foods, which transfer much of the time and work of meal preparation from the kitchen to the food processor s plant [B] They are among the"middlemen " who stand between the farmer and the people who buy and eat the food. Are middlemen the ones to blame for rising food prices? [C]"If the housewife wants all of these. the economists say, that is her privilege, but she must be prepared to pay for the services of those who make her work D] Who then is actually responsible for the size of the bill a housewife must pay before she carries the food home from the store? The economists at First National City Bank have an answer to give housewives, but many people will not like it. These economi sts blame the housewife herself for the jump in food prices. They say that food costs more now because women dont want to spend much time in the kitchen. Women prefer to buy food which has already been prepared before it reaches the market [ E However, some economists believe that controls can have negative effects over a long period of time. In cities with rent control, the city government sets the maximum rent that a landlord (F E) can charge for an apartment [ F Economists do not agree on some of the predictions. They also do not agree on the value of different decisions. Some economists support a particular decision while others criticize it IG By comparison with other members of the economic system both farmers and middlemen have profited surprisingly little from the rise in food prices 第四篇 Directions: sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most A-g to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices which do not fit in any of the gaps Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10
desert，all arranged on a metal dish. The dish is put into the oven and heated while the housewife is doing something else. Such a convenience costs money. 44)____. Economists remind us that many modern housewives have jobs outside the home.They earn money that helps to pay the family food bills. The housewife naturally has less time and energy for cooking after a day’s work. She wants to buy many kinds of food that can be put on her family’s table easily and quickly. 45)____ It appears that the answer to the question of rising prices is not a simple one.Producers， consumers，and middlemen all share the responsibility for the sharp rise in food costs. [A] Thus，as economists point out: “Some of the basic reasons for widening food price spreads are easily traceable to the increasing use of convenience foods，which transfer much of the time and work of meal preparation from the kitchen to the food processor’s plant.” [B] They are among the “middlemen” who stand between the farmer and the people who buy and eat the food. Are middlemen the ones to blame for rising food prices? [C] “If the housewife wants all of these. ”the economists say，“that is her privilege，but she must be prepared to pay for the services of those who make her work easier.” [D] Who then is actually responsible for the size of the bill a housewife must pay before she carries the food home from the store? The economists at First National City Bank have an answer to give housewives，but many people will not like it. These economists blame the housewife herself for the jump in food prices. They say that food costs more now because women don’t want to spend much time in the kitchen. Women prefer to buy food which has already been prepared before it reaches the market. [E] However，some economists believe that controls can have negative effects over a long period of time. In cities with rent control，the city government sets the maximum rent that a landlord（房 主）can charge for an apartment. [F] Economists do not agree on some of the predictions. They also do not agree on the value of different decisions. Some economists support a particular decision while others criticize it. [G] By comparison with other members of the economic system both farmers and middlemen have profited surprisingly little from the rise in food prices. 第四篇 Directions: In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45 ,choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices ,which do not fit in any of the gaps .Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)
owing cooperation among branches of tourism has proved valuable to all concerned overnment bureaus, trade and travel association, carriers and properties are all working together to bring about optimum conditions for travelers 41)They distribute materials to agencies, such as journals, brochures and advertising projects. 42) Tourist counselors give valuable seminars to acquaint agents with new programs and techniques in Properties and agencies work closely together to make the most suitable contracts, considering both the comfort of the clients and their own profitable financial arrangement. 44) 45)Carriers are dependent upon agencies to supply passengers, and agencies are dependent upon carriers to present them with marketable tours All services must work together for greater efficiency, fair pricing and contented customers [A The same confidence exists between agencies and carriers including car-rental and sIght-seeing services. [B] They offer familiarization and workshop tours so that in a short time agents can obtain first-hand knowledge of the tours [C] Travel operators, specialists in the field of planning, sponsor extensive research programs They have knowledge of all areas and all carrier services, and they are experts in organizing different types of tours and in preparing effective advertising campaigns IDIAs a result of teamwork, tourism is flouring in all countries [E] Agencies rely upon the good services of hotels, and, conversely, hotels rely upon agencies, to fulfill their contracts and to send them clients [F In This way agents learn to explain destinations and to suggest different modes and combinations of travel---Planes, ships, trains, motorcoaches, car-rentals, and even car purchases IG Consequently, the agencies started to pay more attention to the comfort of travel 第五篇 Erections In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list a-g to fit into each of the numbered blank. there are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Fields across Europe are contaminated with dangerous levels of the antibiotics given to farm animals. The drugs, which are in manure sprayed onto fields as fertilizers, could be getting into our food and water, helping to create a new generation of antibiotic-resistant"superbugs The warning comes from a researcher in Switzerland who looked at levels of the drugs in farm
Growing cooperation among branches of tourism has proved valuable to all concerned. Government bureaus, trade and travel association, carriers and properties are all working together to bring about optimum conditions for travelers. 41) They distribute materials to agencies, such as journals, brochures and advertising projects. 42） Tourist counselors give valuable seminars to acquaint agents with new programs and techniques in selling. 43) Properties and agencies work closely together to make the most suitable contracts, considering both the comfort of the clients and their own profitable financial arrangement. 44) 45) Carriers are dependent upon agencies to supply passengers, and agencies are dependent upon carriers to present them with marketable tours. All services must work together for greater efficiency, fair pricing and contented customers. [A] The same confidence exists between agencies and carriers including car-rental and sight-seeing services. [B] They offer familiarization and workshop tours so that in a short time agents can obtain first-hand knowledge of the tours. [C] Travel operators, specialists in the field of planning, sponsor extensive research programs. They have knowledge of all areas and all carrier services, and they are experts in organizing different types of tours and in preparing effective advertising campaigns. [D] As a result of teamwork, tourism is flouring in all countries. [E] Agencies rely upon the good services of hotels, and, conversely, hotels rely upon agencies, to fulfill their contracts and to send them clients. [F] In This way agents learn to explain destinations and to suggest different modes and combinations of travel---Planes, ships, trains, motorcoaches, car-rentals, and even car purchases. [G]Consequently, the agencies started to pay more attention to the comfort of travel. 第五篇 Directions: In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45 ,choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices ,which do not fit in any of the gaps .Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points) Fields across Europe are contaminated with dangerous levels of the antibiotics given to farm animals. The drugs, which are in manure sprayed onto fields as fertilizers, could be getting into our food and water, helping to create a new generation of antibiotic-resistant “superbugs”. The warning comes from a researcher in Switzerland who looked at levels of the drugs in farm
