Hepatitis B virus Huamin Wang 王华民 Department of Microbiology Immunology Hainan Medical College 2007
Hepatitis B Virus Huamin Wang 王华民 Department of Microbiology & Immunology Hainan Medical College 2007
Statistics on HBv Most healthy adults(90%)who are infected will recover and develop protective antibodies against future hepatitis B infections 9o% of infants and up to 50% of young children infected with hepatitis B will develop chronic infections
Statistics on HBV • Most healthy adults (90%) who are infected will recover and develop protective antibodies against future hepatitis B infections • 90% of infants and up to 50% of young children infected with hepatitis B will develop chronic infections
Hepatitis B In the World 2 billion people have been infected (1 out of 3 people) 400 million people are chronically infected 10-30 million will become infected each year An estimated 1 million people die each year from hepatitis B and its complications Approximately 2 people die each minute from hepatitis B
Hepatitis B In the World • 2 billion people have been infected (1 out of 3 people). • 400 million people are chronically infected. • 10-30 million will become infected each year. • An estimated 1 million people die each year from hepatitis B and its complications. • Approximately 2 people die each minute from hepatitis B
Hepatitis B In the United States 12 million Americans have been infected (1 out of 20 people) More than one million people are chronically infected Up to 100,000 new people will become infected each year 5,000 people will die each year from hepatitis B and its complications Approximately 1 health care worker dies each day from hepatitis B
Hepatitis B In the United States • 12 million Americans have been infected (1 out of 20 people). • More than one million people are chronically infected . • Up to 100,000 new people will become infected each year. • 5,000 people will die each year from hepatitis B and its complications. • Approximately 1 health care worker dies each day from hepatitis B
Hepatitis B in China 1.3 billion people the world's largest population of hepatitis B patients, with nearly half a million people dieing of the liver disease every year 120 million Chinese have tested positive for hepatitis B, which has become a severe public health problem in the country
Hepatitis B in China • 1.3 billion people • the world's largest population of hepatitis B patients, with nearly half a million people dieing of the liver disease every year • 120 million Chinese have tested positive for hepatitis B, which has become a severe public health problem in the country
General Concepts Hepatitis=inflammation of the liver six medically important viruses are commonly described as hepatitis viruses HAVHBVHCVHDVHEVHGV
General Concepts • Hepatitis = 'inflammation of the liver'. • six medically important viruses are commonly described as “hepatitis viruses”: HAV,HBV,HCV,HDV,HEV,HGV
Definitions for Hepatitises Acute(急性): Short term and/or severe Chronic(4eF): Lingering or lasting-may or may not be severe Fulminant(爆发性): Developing quickly and lasting a short time, high mortality rate Cirrhosis (i): Hardening: may be the result of infection or toxins (e.g. alcohol) Jaundice (RiE): Yellowing of the skin, eyes, etc due to raised levels of bilirubin in the blood due to liver damage Hepatocellular carcinoma(肝细胞癌): is closely associated with hepatitis B, and at least in some regions of the world with hepatitis C virus
Definitions for Hepatitises • Acute（急性）: Short term and/or severe. • Chronic（慢性）: Lingering or lasting - may or may not be severe • Fulminant（爆发性）: Developing quickly and lasting a short time, high mortality rate. • Cirrhosis（硬化）: Hardening: may be the result of infection or toxins (e.g. alcohol) • Jaundice（黄疸）:Yellowing of the skin, eyes, etc due to raised levels of bilirubin in the blood due to liver damage. • Hepatocellular carcinoma（肝细胞癌）： is closely associated with hepatitis B, and at least in some regions of the world with hepatitis C virus
Viral Hepatitis - Historical Perspectives Infectious" Enterically transmitted Viral hepatitis NANB “ Serum Parenterally transmitted F.G. TTV other
“Infectious” A “Serum” Viral hepatitis Enterically transmitted Parenterally transmitted F, G, TTV ? other E NANB B D C Viral Hepatitis - Historical Perspectives
Copyright o The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Table 24.12 Viral Hepatitis Disease Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Non-enveloped, single-stranded Enveloped double-stranded Enveloped, single-stranded RNA picornavirus, HAV DNA hepadnavirus, HBV RNA flavivirus, HCV Mode of spread Fecal-oral Blood, semen Blood, possibly semen Incubation period 3 to 5 weeks 10 to 15 weeks 6 to 7 weeks (range, 2 to 7 weeks) (range 6 to 23 weeks) (range, 2 to 24 we Prevention Gamma globulin; Recombinant vaccine, imunoglobulin No vaccine inactivated vaccine Comments Usually mild symptoms, but Symptoms often more severe Usually few or no symptoms often prolonged; full recovery, than hepatitis A; progressive progressive liver damage or no long-term carriers; combined liver damage in 1% to 6%can cancer in 10% to 20% of cases. hepatitis a and hepatitis b vaccine lead to cirhosis and cancer chronic carriers, virus can cross available chronic camers: can cross the placenta(rare) the placenta; combined hepatitis a and hepatitis B vaccine available Disease Hepatitis D Hepatitis E Hepatitis G Causative agent Defective stranded Non-enveloped, single-stranded Single-stranded RNA flavivirus RNA calicivirus. HEv Mode of spread Blood semen Fecal-oral Blood, possibly semen Incubation period 2 to 12 weeks 2 to 6 weeks Weeks Prevention No No vaccine No vacci Comments Prior or concurrent HBV Similar to hepatitis A, except Usually mild symptoms infection necessary; can cause severe disease in pregnant persistant viremia for worsening of hepatitis B women: same or related virus months can cross the placenta in rats
Table 24.12
Hepatitis B virus 2.69 ③ 7/nNnMMww
Hepatitis B Virus