Chapter 6 Microbial Metabolism .Energy Metabolism Special Metabolism in Microbes The Relationship between Catabolism and Anabolism Regulation of Metabolism and Ferment Industry
Chapter 6 Microbial Metabolism •Energy Metabolism • Special Metabolism in Microbes • The Relationship between Catabolism and Anabolism • Regulation of Metabolism and Ferment Industry
An Overview metabolism metabolism: the sum total of all chemical reactions occurring in the cell catabolism metabolism anabolism catabolism Complex molecules Simple molecules ATP [HI anabolism
An Overview metabolism metabolism： the sum total of all chemical reactions occurring in the cell metabolism catabolism anabolism Complex molecules catabolism anabolism Simple molecules ATP [H]
Section 1 Energy Metabolism in Microbes summarize Organic Compounds Chemoheterotroph Primary *Sunlight Photoheterotroph ATP Energy Photoautotroph A Inorganic Compounds P in Reduced State Chemoautotroph
Section 1 Energy Metabolism in Microbes Primary Energy Organic Compounds Sunlight Inorganic Compounds in Reduced State A T P ATP Chemoheterotroph Photoautotroph Photoheterotroph Chemoautotroph summarize
Chemoheterotroph biological oxidation and energy Release Process-Dehydrogenation,Giving Hydrogen and Accepting Hydrogen (Electron) Function-Releasing Energy (ATP),Engendering Reducing Power [H]and Producing Intermediate Metabolites The breakdown of glucose to pyruvate biological fermentation oxidation respiration (aerobic or anaerobic respiration
The breakdown of glucose to pyruvate fermentation respiration （aerobic or anaerobic respiration ） Chemoheterotroph biological oxidation and energy Release Process——Dehydrogenation, Giving Hydrogen and Accepting Hydrogen (Electron) Function——Releasing Energy (ATP), Engendering Reducing Power [H] and Producing Intermediate Metabolites biological oxidation
Synthesis of Cell Structures Sources of energy Macromolecules Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Proteins Lipids Catabolism Anabolism Releases energy ATP Requires energy NADH+ End products with Simple building blocks reduced energy CO2,H2O Sugars Amino acids
1 The breakdown of glucose to pyruvate Glocose- -representative substrate of biological oxidation Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas Pathway (Glycolysis) Hexose Monophosphate Pathway Entner-Doudoroff Pathway (KDPG Pathway) PK (phosphoketolase)pathway
Glocose——representative substrate of biological oxidation Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas Pathway (Glycolysis) Hexose Monophosphate Pathway Entner-Doudoroff Pathway (KDPG Pathway) PK (phosphoketolase) pathway 1 The breakdown of glucose to pyruvate
1)Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas Pathway (EMP) (Glycolysis,Hexose Diphosphate Pathway) Ten steps glucose pyruvate with O2 connecte EMP pathway with TCA pathway; without O,:reduce some metabolism product,only energy- yielding process. generates ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation: (1) glyceraldehyde 1,3-phosphate->3-phoshoglyceric acid ATP; (2) PEP→pyruvate+ATP C,H12O6十2NAD*+2ADP+2Pi→ 2CH COCOOH+2NADH+2H++2ATP+2H,O
1）Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas Pathway (EMP) (Glycolysis, Hexose Diphosphate Pathway) glucose pyruvate with O2 ：connecte EMP pathway with TCA pathway； without O2：reduce some metabolism product, only energyyielding process. generates ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation： （1） glyceraldehyde 1,3-phosphate → 3-phoshoglyceric acid + ATP； （2） PEP → pyruvate + ATP Ten steps C6H12O6＋2NAD+＋2ADP＋2Pi→ 2CH3COCOOH＋2NADH＋2H+＋2ATP＋2H2O
2)Hexose Monophosphate Pathway (HMP) 3NADP' 3NADPH +3H 3NADP 3NADPH 3H" 3 glucose-6-P 3 6-phosphogluconate -3 ribulose-5-P (Pentose Phosphate Pathway, 3H,0 3C0 Phosphogluconate Pathway, Ribose-5-(P) Xylulose-5-⊙ Warburg-Dickens Pathway) Transketolase Glyceraldehyde-3-⊙ Sedoheptulose-7-P) Uses pentoses and NADPH Transaldolase Fructose-6-(P) Erythrose-4-P) Xylulose-5⊙ Operates with Transketolase glycolysis Fructose-6-P Glyceraldehyde-3-(P) Fructose-6-P) -Fructose-1,6-bis(P ruvate
Uses pentoses and NADPH Operates with glycolysis 2)Hexose Monophosphate Pathway (HMP) (Pentose Phosphate Pathway, Phosphogluconate Pathway, Warburg-Dickens Pathway)
fructose 6-phosphates: be converted to glucose 6-phosphates be returned to Pentose Phosphate Pathway glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate a.through EMP pthway,be converted to pyruvate,into TCA pthway b.converted to Hexose Phosphate,be returned to Pentose Phosphate Pathway The overall reaction: 6 glucose 6-phosphates +12NADP++3H,O-5 glucose 6- phosphates 6CO2+12NADPH+12H++Pi
fructose 6-phosphates： be converted to glucose 6-phosphates ，be returned to Pentose Phosphate Pathway glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate ： a. through EMP pthway， be converted to pyruvate，into TCA pthway b. converted to Hexose Phosphate, be returned to Pentose Phosphate Pathway The overall reaction： 6 glucose 6-phosphates +12NADP++3H2O → 5 glucose 6- phosphates + 6CO2+12NADPH+12H++Pi
3)Entner-Doudoroff Pathway (KDPG Pathway) 1952,Entner-Doudoroff Pseudomonas saccharophila process: (4 septs) 1 Glucose glucose 6-phosphates 6-phosphogluconate 6-phosphogluconate dehydratase KDPG 2-oxo-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate aldolase glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate pyruvate Produces NADPH and 1 ATP Does not involve glycolysis Pseudomonas,Rhizobium,Agrobacterium
3) Entner-Doudoroff Pathway (KDPG Pathway) 1952, Entner-Doudoroff ：Pseudomonas saccharophila process： （4 septs） 1 Glucose glucose 6-phosphates 6-phosphogluconate KDPG 6-phosphogluconate dehydratase glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + pyruvate 2-oxo-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate aldolase Produces NADPH and 1 ATP Does not involve glycolysis Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Agrobacterium