Table fw. 2 groundwater and desalinization Sources: various Desalinated Water coral Share(percentage)(x) cubic meters) SIA(EXCL. MIDDLE EAST 8 213131 Korea, Dem Peoples Rep 11150 Dem r 30 地e 719950 onia FYR 83 0 5.g Federation United Kingdom 1671995 MIDDLE EAST& N AFRICA 08xX 52 2 ddd Iran, Islamic Rep 2.9k 2340 200z 27306166 714.0m rian Arab Rep 1333.3 m WORLD RESOURCES 2000-2001
Table FW.2 Groundwater and Desalinization Page 1 Sources: Various Average Annual Groundwater Recharge Desalinated Water Per Capita Annual Groundwater Withdrawals Production Total (cubic meters) Percentage Per Capita (million (cubic km) Year Total of Annual (cubic Sectoral Share (percentage) {x} cubic meters) Years Vary 2000 Year (cubic km) Recharge meters) Domestic Industry Agriculture 1990 WORLD X X 1995 600-700 X 106-124 65 15 20 X ASIA (EXCL. MIDDLE EAST) X X X X X X X X X X Armenia 4.2 1,193 X X X X X X X X Azerbaijan 6.5 842 X X X X X X X X Bangladesh 21.0 163 1990 10.7 50.9 97.6 13 1 88 hh X Bhutan X X X X X X X X X X Cambodia 17.6 1,576 X X X X X X X X China 828.8 649 1988 52.9 6.4 47.1 X X 54 X Georgia 17.2 3,469 1990 3.0 17.4 549.5 X X X X India 418.5 413 1990 190.0 45.4 223.3 9 2 89 ii X Indonesia 455.0 2,145 X X X X X X X X Japan 27.0 jjj 213 1995 o 13.6 50.3 108.2 29 41 30 jj 40.0 r Kazakhstan 35.9 2,211 1993 e 2.4 6.7 143.9 21 71 8 e 1,328.0 f Korea, Dem People's Rep 21.0 c 874 X X X X X X X X Korea, Rep 13.3 c 284 1995 o 2.5 18.6 55.1 X X 17 kk X Kyrgyzstan 13.6 2,894 1994 ll 0.6 4.4 132.0 50 25 25 ll X Lao People's Dem Rep 38.0 6,994 X X X X X X X X Malaysia 64.0 2,877 1995 0.4 0.6 19.0 62 33 5 X Mongolia 6.1 2,291 1993 0.4 5.8 149.1 X X X X Myanmar 156.0 c 3,420 X X X X X X X X Nepal X X X X X X X X X X Pakistan 55.0 351 1991 60.0 109.1 489.5 X X 90 mm X Philippines 180.0 c 2,369 1980 4.0 2.2 82.8 50 50 X X Singapore X X X X X X X X X X Sri Lanka 7.8 414 X X X X X X X X Tajikistan 6.0 970 1994 2.3 37.7 398.7 X X X X Thailand 41.9 c 682 1980 0.7 1.7 15.0 60 26 14 X Turkmenistan 3.4 753 1994 0.4 11.9 100.3 53 9 38 X Uzbekistan 19.7 809 1994 7.4 37.6 334.3 33 11 57 nn X Viet Nam 48.0 601 1990 0.8 1.7 11.9 X X X X EUROPE X X X X X X X X X X Albania 7.0 2,248 1989 0.6 9.0 193.6 48 X 52 X Austria 22.3 c 2,716 1995 o 1.4 6.2 172.5 52 43 5 qq X Belarus 18.0 1,758 1989 1.2 6.6 115.7 52 13 28 rr X Belgium 0.9 g 89 1980 0.8 86.4 79.0 55 22 4 X Bosnia and Herzegovina X X X X X X X X X X Bulgaria 13.4 fff 1,629 1988 5.0 37.3 566.1 X X X X Croatia 11.0 2,459 X X X X X X X X Czech Rep X X 1995 o 0.5 X 48.0 X X X X Denmark 30.0 ggg 5,668 1995 o 0.9 3.0 169.8 40 22 38 ss X Estonia 4.0 2,865 X X X X X X X X Finland 1.9 hhh 367 1995 o 0.2 12.8 47.8 65 11 24 tt X France 100.0 iii 1,693 1994 6.0 6.0 103.8 56 27 17 X Germany 45.7 c 556 1990 7.1 15.5 89.4 48 47 4 kkk X Greece 10.3 968 1990 2.0 19.4 195.7 37 5 58 X Hungary 6.8 g 678 1995 o 1.0 14.5 96.5 35 48 18 uu X Iceland 24.0 c 85,419 1995 o 0.2 0.6 558.9 X X X X Ireland 3.5 g 928 1995 0.2 6.5 62.3 35 38 29 vv X Italy 43.0 750 1992 13.9 32.3 243.2 39 4 58 X Latvia 2.2 934 X X X X X X X X Lithuania 1.2 327 1995 0.2 17.1 55.1 X X X X Macedonia, FYR X X X X X X X X X X Moldova, Rep 0.4 91 X X X X X X X X Netherlands 4.5 h 285 1990 1.0 23.3 70.2 32 45 23 ww X Norway 96.0 c 21,502 1985 0.4 0.4 97.5 27 73 X mmm X Poland 36.0 929 1995 o 2.0 5.5 51.5 70 30 X yy X Portugal 5.1 g 516 1995 3.1 60.1 311.0 39 23 39 xx X Romania 8.3 h 372 1993 3.6 43.7 158.0 61 38 1 zz X Russian Federation 788.0 5,363 1988 12.6 1.6 85.5 X X X X Slovakia X X 1995 o 0.6 X 113.0 X X X X Slovenia X X 1994 0.2 X 88.9 X X X X Spain 28.9 729 1995 o 5.4 18.8 137.2 18 2 80 X Sweden 20.0 g 2,245 1995 o 0.6 3.2 72.8 92 8 X aaa X Switzerland 2.7 366 1995 o 0.9 33.4 126.3 72 40 X bbb X Ukraine 20.0 396 1989 4.0 20.1 77.5 30 18 52 ccc X United Kingdom 9.8 167 1995 o 2.5 25.2 42.4 51 47 2 ddd X Yugoslavia 3.0 282 X X X X X X X X MIDDLE EAST & N. AFRICA X X X X X X X X X X Afghanistan 29.0 c 1,276 X X X X X X X X Algeria 1.7 g 54 1989 2.9 167.6 117.1 46 5 49 64.0 Egypt 1.3 g 19 1995 5.3 407.7 85.1 58 0 42 t 25.0 Iran, Islamic Rep 42.0 g 620 1980 29.0 69.0 738.8 X X X 2.9 k Iraq 13.0 g 562 1985 0.2 1.5 13.1 50 40 X X Israel 0.5 80 1996 1.2 234.0 204.5 18 2 80 u 20.0 z Jordan 0.6 g 87 1993 0.5 91.4 100.7 30 4 66 v 2.0 f Kuwait X X 1994 0.3 X 142.7 0 0 100 w 231.0 f Lebanon 4.8 1,463 1991 0.4 8.3 153.2 13 9 78 X Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 0.7 116 1995 3.7 561.5 734.9 9 4 87 y 70.0 p Morocco 9.0 317 1998 2.7 29.8 97.9 16 X 84 aa 3.4 j Oman 1.0 376 1985 0.4 41.9 280.7 X X X 34.0 m Saudi Arabia 1.0 g 44 1990 14.4 1518.9 899.3 10 X 90 714.0 m Syrian Arab Rep 6.6 409 1993 1.8 27.3 133.5 13 4 83 bb X Tunisia 4.2 433 1995 1.6 39.2 181.8 10 4 86 8.3 Turkey 20.0 300 1995 o 7.6 38.0 124.0 31 9 60 bb 0.5 United Arab Emirates 0.1 49 1995 1.6 1333.3 724.1 X 19 d 81 cc 385.0 m Yemen 1.5 84 1985 dd 1.4 88.5 139.2 X X X 10.0 n Notes: See Page 3 WORLD RESOURCES 2000-2001
Table fw. 2 groundwater and desalinization rious Desalinated Water (cubic meters) (cubic km) Total of Annual (cub cubic meters) urkina Faso entral African Rep 031990 Congo, Dem Rep Guinea Ghana Guinea-Bissa x nnn 200q Mauritania 7o 9 202934 56 10 ia, United Rep 25g AMERICA AMERICA& CARIBBEAN osta rica Dominican Rep 310c 」 amalia 140.0c 34.0c 03.0c 198.0c 51,2 WORLD RESOURCES 2000-2001
Table FW.2 Groundwater and Desalinization Page 2 Sources: Various Average Annual Groundwater Recharge Desalinated Water Per Capita Annual Groundwater Withdrawals Production Total (cubic meters) Percentage Per Capita (million (cubic km) Year Total of Annual (cubic Sectoral Share (percentage) {x} cubic meters) Years Vary 2000 Year (cubic km) Recharge meters) Domestic Industry Agriculture 1990 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA X X X X X X X X X X Angola 72.0 c 5,591 X X X X X X X 0.1 Benin 1.8 g 295 X X X X X X X X Botswana 1.7 g 1,048 X X X X X X X X Burkina Faso 9.5 g 796 X X X X X X X X Burundi 2.1 c 314 X X X X X X X X Cameroon 100.0 c 6,629 X X X X X X X X Central African Rep 56.0 c 15,490 X X X X X X X X Chad 11.5 c 1,503 1990 0.1 0.8 15.7 29 X 71 X Congo 198.0 c 67,268 X X X X X X X 0.2 Congo, Dem Rep 421.0 c 8,150 X X X X X X X X Côte d'Ivoire 37.7 g 2,550 X X X X X X X X Equatorial Guinea 10.0 c 22,092 X X X X X X X X Eritrea X X X X X X X X X X Ethiopia 44.0 c 703 X X X X X X X X Gabon 62.0 c 50,566 1989 0.0 0.0 0.6 100 0 0 X Gambia 0.5 c 383 X X X X X X X X Ghana 26.3 g 1,301 X X X X X X X X Guinea 38.0 c 5,114 X X X X X X X X Guinea-Bissau 14.0 c 11,541 X X X X X X X X Kenya 3.0 g 100 X X X X X X X X Lesotho 0.5 c 232 X X X X X X X X Liberia 60.0 c 19,023 X X X X X X X X Madagascar 55.0 c 3,450 1984 4.8 8.7 482.9 0 X X nnn X Malawi 1.4 c 128 X X X X X X X X Mali 20.0 g 1,780 1989 0.1 0.5 11.6 X X X X Mauritania 0.3 g 112 1985 0.9 293.3 498.3 X X X 1.7 Mozambique 17.0 c 864 X X X X X X X 0.1 Namibia 2.1 c 1,217 X X X X X X X 3.0 Niger 2.5 g 233 1988 0.1 5.2 17.9 58 4 39 X Nigeria 87.0 c 780 X X X X X X X 3.0 Rwanda 3.6 c 466 X X X X X X X X Senegal 7.6 c 802 1985 0.3 3.3 39.2 24 X 72 0.1 Sierra Leone 50.0 c 10,300 X X X X X X X X Somalia 3.3 c 327 1985 0.3 9.1 45.8 X X X 0.1 South Africa 4.8 119 1980 1.8 37.3 64.9 11 6 84 17.5 Sudan 7.0 237 1985 0.3 4.0 13.0 X X X 0.4 Tanzania, United Rep 30.0 c 895 X X X X X X X X Togo 5.7 g 1,231 X X X X X X X X Uganda 29.0 c 1,332 X X X X X X X X Zambia 47.1 5,137 X X X X X X X X Zimbabwe 5.0 c 428 X X X X X X X X NORTH AMERICA X X X X X X X X X X Canada 370.0 c 11,879 1990 1.0 0.3 37.3 34 11 34 ff X United States 1,514.0 gg 5,439 1990 109.8 7.3 432.3 20 5 62 eee X C. AMERICA & CARIBBEAN X X X X X X X X X X Belize X X X X X X X X X X Costa Rica 21.0 c 5,219 X X X X X X X X Cuba 8.0 c 714 1975 3.8 47.5 408.3 X X X X Dominican Rep 3.0 c 353 X X X X X X X X El Salvador X X X X X X X X X X Guatemala 31.0 c 2,723 X X X X X X X X Haiti 2.5 c 304 X X X X X X X X Honduras 39.0 c 6,013 X X X X X X X X Jamaica X X X X X X X X X X Mexico 139.0 c 1,406 1995 o 25.1 18.1 275.4 13 23 64 oo X Nicaragua 59.0 c 11,627 X X X X X X X X Panama 42.0 c 14,708 X X X X X X X X Trinidad and Tobago X X X X X X X X X X SOUTH AMERICA X X X X X X X X X X Argentina 128.0 c 3,456 1975 4.7 3.7 180.4 11 19 70 X Bolivia 130.0 c 15,609 X X X X X X X X Brazil 1,874.0 c 11,016 1987 8.0 0.4 57.0 38 25 38 X Chile 140.0 c 9,204 X X X X X X X X Colombia 510.0 c 12,051 X X X X X X X X Ecuador 134.0 c 10,596 X X X X X X X X Guyana 103.0 c 119,582 X X X X X X X X Paraguay 41.0 c 7,459 X X X X X X X X Peru 303.0 c 11,807 1973 2.0 0.7 139.4 25 15 60 X Suriname 80.0 c 191,787 X X X X X X X X Uruguay 23.0 c 6,892 X X X X X X X X Venezuela 227.0 c 9,392 X X X X X X X X OCEANIA X X X X X X X X X X Australia 72.0 g 3,812 1985 2.2 3.1 143.2 X 20 d 67 ee X Fiji X X X X X X X X X X New Zealand 198.0 c 51,270 X X X X X X X X Papua New Guinea X X X X X X X X X X Solomon Islands X X X X X X X X X X Notes: See next page. WORLD RESOURCES 2000-2001
Table fw. 2 groundwater and desalinization Sources: various Sum of all groundwater flows, including base flow (as a constituent of surface water flows) th withdrawal and sectoral data are estimated from a bar graph from FAO Report: Irrigation in the Former Soviet Union Countires in Figures, p. 116. Data are fro um of the total groundwater flow that is exploitable a}Datareferto1995oratestaailabkeyear@genellyfrom1991.1992.1993.1994 Data are from 1994: from FAO irigation in the Near East Region in Figures, p. 29 P x ata may y 3.81km3w Data are from Margat, personal communication February 2000 ectoral percentages for UAE are a combination of data from text and a bar graph for 1995 from FAO Water Report: Irrigation in the Near East Region in Figures, Rome 1997, p. 266 for yemen lata are from Margat 1990 presented a. the other for Yemen du Sud for 1975 equal to 0.35 billion m3 per year. These two figures have ectoral data for Australia are calculated using a groundwater withdrawal value of 2.46 km3 from 1983 coral data for Canada are caculated using a groundwater withdrawal value of 1. 6 km3 from 1985 gat 199 United States are from Economic Commission for Europe (1992) without a specific date. Data reported a dated 1974 and refer to the U.S. including angladesh are calculated using a groundwater withdrawal value of 3.4 km3 from 1979 so are from 1990 but are from FAO, Irrigation in Asia in Figures, p. d g a groundwater withdrawal value of 985 as provided by Margat 199 1994. more than have entered a value of b bu sectoral data from the figure in this report the 6 ectoral data for Pakistan are from Shiklomonov who reports approximately go percent" for agriculture er year for around 1990(table p for Uzbekistan are from 1994 FAO rrigation in the Former Soviet Union Countries in Figures timated from a bar graph, p. 21 toral data are calculated using a groundwater withdrawal value of 23.5 km3 from around 1985 argat 1990 ectoral data for Austria are calculated using a groundwater withdrawal value of 1.17 km3 from 1980 ectoral data Belarus are calculated using a groundwater withdrawal value of 1.06 km3 from 1985 19m13mhm17 ectoral data are calculated using a groundwater withdrawal value of37 km3 from 1980 ectoral data for Ireland are calculated using a groundwater withdrawal value of 17 km3 from 1980 ectoral data are calculated using a groundwater withdrawal value of 1.28 km3 from 1981 as reported by Margat 1990 ORLD RESOURCES 2000-2001
Table FW.2 Groundwater and Desalinization Page 3 Sources: Various Footnotes: {c} Sum of all groundwater flows, including base flow (as a constituent of surface water flows). {d} Domestic and industrial withdrawals have been combined. {e} Both withdrawal and sectoral data are estimated from a bar graph from FAO Report: Irrigation in the Former Soviet Union Countires in Figures, p. 116. {f} Data are from 1993. {g} Sum of all aquifer recharge flows. {h} Sum of the total groundwater flow that is exploitable. {j} Data are from 1992. {k} Data are from 1991. {m} Data are from 1995. {n} Data are from 1989. {o} Data refer to 1995 or latest available year (generally from 1991, 1992, 1993, or 1994). {p} Data are from 1994; from FAO irrigation in the Near East Region in Figures, p. 29. {r} Data are from 1996. {s} Sectoral data are from Margat Blue Plan for 1989. {t} Sectoral data are from 1992, Margat Blue Plan. {u} Sectoral data are from 1994, Margat Blue Plan. {v} Groundwater withdrawal and sectoral data are estimated from a bar graph for 1993 from FAO Water Report: Irrigation in the Near East Region in Figures, Rome, 1997, p. 115. {w} Groundwater withdrawal and sectoral data are estimated from a bar graph for 1994 from FAO Water Report: Irrigation in the Near East Region in Figures, Rome, 1997, p. 124. {x} Estimates are typically approximate and therefore the sum of the sectoral data may not add to 100 percent. {y} Sectoral percentages are calculated using groundwater withdrawal of 3.81 km3 which is an estimate provided with sectoral data for 1995 in Margat Blue Plan. {z} Data are from Margat, personal communication February 2000. {aa} Sectoral data are from 1991, Margat Blue Plan. {bb} Sectoral data are from 1990, Margat Blue Plan. {cc} Sectoral percentages for UAE are a combination of data from text and a bar graph for 1995 from FAO Water Report: Irrigation in the Near East Region in Figures, Rome 1997, p. 266. {dd} Groundwater withdrawal data are from Margat 1990, presented as two separate values: one for Yemen du Nord for around 1985 equal to 1 billion m3 per year; the other for Yemen du Sud for 1975 equal to 0.35 billion m3 per year. These two figures have been added. {ee} Sectoral data for Australia are calculated using a groundwater withdrawal value of 2.46 km3 from 1983 as reported by Margat 1990. {ff} Sectoral data for Canada are calculated using a groundwater withdrawal value of 1.6 km3 from 1985 as reported by Margat 1990. {gg} Data for the United States are from Economic Commission for Europe (1992) without a specific date. Data reported by Margat (1990) are 660 km3 from a source dated 1974 and refer to the U.S. including the 50 states and Puerto Rico. {hh} Sectoral data for Bangladesh are calculated using a groundwater withdrawal value of 3.4 km3 from 1979 as reported by Margat 1990. {ii} Sectoral data are from around 1990 as provided by Shiklomonov; total withdrawal data also are from 1990 but are from FAO, Irrigation in Asia in Figures, p. 95. {jj} Sectoral data for Japan are from 1987 as provided by Shiklomonov 1997 based on groundwater withdrawal of 12.88 km3. {kk} Sectoral data for the Republic of Korea are calculated using a groundwater withdrawal value of 1.2 km3 from around 1985 as provided by Margat 1990. {ll} Kyrgystan data: FAO Irrigation in the Former Soviet Union Countries in Figures, p. 129, "In 1994, more than 0.6 km3 of water was withdrawn from groundwater." We have entered a value of .6 but the figure may be higher; we have calculated the sectoral data from the figure in this report on page 129, using the .6 figure for total withdrawal. {mm} Sectoral data for Pakistan are from Shiklomonov who reports "approximately 90 percent" for agriculture share; total withdrawal also is approximately 60 km3 per year for around 1990 (table p. 57). {nn} Sectoral data for Uzbekistan are from 1994 FAO Irrigation in the Former Soviet Union Countries in Figures estimated from a bar graph, p. 217. {oo} Sectoral data are calculated using a groundwater withdrawal value of 23.5 km3 from around 1985 as reported by Margat 1990. {pp} Sectoral data refer only to Mauritius Island only. {qq} Sectoral data for Austria are calculated using a groundwater withdrawal value of 1.17 km3 from 1980 as reported by Margat 1990. {rr} Sectoral data Belarus are calculated using a groundwater withdrawal value of 1.06 km3 from 1985 as reported by Margot 1990. {ss} Sectoral data are calculated using a groundwater withdrawal value of 1.32 km3 from 1977 as reported by Margat 1990. {tt} Sectoral data are calculated using a groundwater withdrawal value of .37 km3 from 1980 as reported by Margat 1990. {uu} Sectoral data are calculated using a groundwater withdrawal value of 1.6 km3 from 1972 as reported by Margat 1990. {vv} Sectoral data for Ireland are calculated using a groundwater withdrawal value of .17 km3 from 1980 as reported by Margat 1990. {ww} Sectoral data are calculated using a groundwater withdrawal value of 1.28 km3 from 1981 as reported by Margat 1990. WORLD RESOURCES 2000-2001
Table fw. 2 groundwater and desalinization Sources: various Sectoral data are calculated using a groundwater withdrawal value of 2.0 km3 from 1980 coral data are calculated using a groundwater withdrawal value of 2.0 km3 coral data are calculated using a groundwater withdrawal value of 1. 18 km3 from 1975 coral data for Sweden are calculated using a groundwater withdrawal value of 48 km3 from 1985 ectoral data for Switzerland are calculated using a groundwater withdrawal value of 1.0 km3 from 1983 ectoral data are calculated using a groundwater withdrawal value of 4.22 km3 from 1985 (ddd) mm183m195 (eee) ectoral data for the U.S. are calculated using a groundwater withdrawal value of 101.3 km3 from 1985 from ECE(1992)and refer to the year 1988: Margat(1990)reports data from a CE(1992] and refer to the year 1985: Margat (1990)reports data from a ata for Finland are from ECE(1992)without a year specified: Margat (1990)reports data from a (1990)and refer to a source dated 1989(Margat 1989): data reported Bs26.0 from FAO. irrigation in Asia in Figures (1999)which states"The renew ble A value of 185 km3/year is provided by Margat (1990)cited from Lvovich 1974. argots Germany-RFA is 7.77km3 from 1981 and Germany data abo are from 1981(Germany RFA) and 1975(Germanmy-ex DD (mmm) oral data for Norway are calculated using a groundwater withdrawal value of 0.11 km3 from 985 as reported by Margat Sectoral data for Madagascar equal 32 percent for domestic for 1984 as reported by Margat 1990 ORLD RESOURCES 2000-2001
Table FW.2 Groundwater and Desalinization Page 4 Sources: Various Footnotes Continued: {xx} Sectoral data are calculated using a groundwater withdrawal value of 2.0 km3 from 1980 as reported by Margat 1990. {yy} Sectoral data are calculated using a groundwater withdrawal value of 2.0 km3 from 1980-81 as reported by Margat 1990. {zz} Sectoral data are calculated using a groundwater withdrawal value of 1.18 km3 from 1975 as reported by Margat 1990. {aaa} Sectoral data for Sweden are calculated using a groundwater withdrawal value of .48 km3 from 1985 as reported by Margat 1990. {bbb} Sectoral data for Switzerland are calculated using a groundwater withdrawal value of 1.0 km3 from 1983 as reported by Margat 1990. {ccc} Sectoral data are calculated using a groundwater withdrawal value of 4.22 km3 from 1985 as reported by Margat 1990. {ddd} Sectoral data are calculated using a groundwater withdrawal value of 2.38 km3 from 1975 as reported by Margat 1990. {eee} Sectoral data for the U.S. are calculated using a groundwater withdrawal value of 101.3 km3 from 1985 as reported by Margat 1990. {fff} Data for Bulgaria are from ECE (1992) and refer to the year 1988; Margat (1990) reports data from a 1989 source (Anonyme 1989) as 3.1 km3. {ggg} Data for Denmark are from ECE (1992) and refer to the year 1985; Margat (1990) reports data from a 1981 source (Anonyme 1981) as 4.3 km3. {hhh} Data for Finland are from ECE (1992) without a year specified; Margat (1990) reports data from a 1989 source (Anonyme 1989) as 2.2 km3. {iii} Data are from Margat (1990) and refer to a source dated 1989 (Margat 1989); data reported from ECE (1992) is 26.0 km3 for 1981. {jjj} Data are from FAO, Irrigation in Asia in Figures (1999) which states " The renewable potential of groundwater resources is estimated at about 27 km3/year...." A value of 185 km3/year is provided by Margat (1990) cited from L'vovich 1974. {kkk} Sectoral data are from Margat (1990) and combine his data for both Germanys. Margat's total withdrawal data are from different dates for the two Germanys: Germany - RFA is 7.77 km3 from 1981 and Germany - ex DDR is from 1975; the combined total is 9.55 which is used to calculate the sectoral percentages. The sectoral data also are from 1981 (Germany RFA) and 1975 (Germany - ex DDR). {mmm} Sectoral data for Norway are calculated using a groundwater withdrawal value of 0.11 km3 from 1985 as reported by Margat 1990. {nnn} Sectoral data for Madagascar equal .32 percent for domestic for 1984 as reported by Margat 1990. WORLD RESOURCES 2000-2001
Technical Notes Page 5 Table fw. 2 groundwater and desalinization Sources: Groundwater resources and withdrawal data: J Margat, Les eaux souterraines sans le monde( Bureau de recherches geologiques et minieres [BRGM), Departement eau, Orleans, France December 1990); J Margat and D Vallee, Water Resources and Uses in the Mediterranean Countries (Blue Plan, Sophia Antipolis, 1999): L A. Shiklomanov, Comprehensive Assessment of the Freshwater Resources of the World(Stockholm Environment Institute, Stockholm, 1997): Organisation for &ECD, Paris, 1997): and Economic Commission for Europe, The Environment in Europe and North nomic Co-Operation and Development(OECD), OECD Environmental Data Compendium 1997 America(United Nations, New York, 1992) Groundwater resources and desalinization activities: J Margat, Lex Eaux Souterraines Dans Le Bassin Mediterraneen. Ressources et Utlisations Plan Bleu, DoC. BRGM 282(Ed. BRGM, Orleans, France 1998): Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Irrigation in Africa in Figures ater Reports No. 7(FAO, Rome, 1995): FAO, Irrigation in the Near East Region in Figures, Water Reports No. 9(FAO, Rome, 1997): FAO, Irrigation in the Former Soviet Union in Figures, Water Report No. 15(FAO, Rome, 1997): FAO, Irrigation in Asia in Figures, Water Reports No. 18(FAO, Rome, 1999); and FAO, Irrigation in Latin America in Figures, Water Reports(FAO, Rome, in preparation). Population data: United Nations(U N )Population Division, World Population Prospects, 1950-2050 (The 1998 Revision). on diskette(U N, New York, 1999) Average annual groundwater recharge is the amount of water that is estimated to annually infiltrate soils, including water from rivers and streams that lose it to underlying strata. In general, this figure would represent the maximum amount of water that could be withdrawn annually without ultimately depleting the groundwater resource. These data are estimated in a variety of ways and caution should be used in comparing values for different countries Per capita recharge is the amount of water that annually infiltrates soils on a per person basis, using 2000 population estimates from the U.N. Population Division Annual total groundwater withdrawals refers to abstractions from all groundwater sources-even nonrenewable sources. The percentage of annual recharge refers to total groundwater withdrawals Per capita annual withdrawals were calculated using national population data for the year of data Sectoral share of withdrawals of groundwater is classified as domestic(drinking water, homes commercial establishments, public services, and municipal use), industry(including water withdrawn to cool thermoelectric plants), and agriculture(irrigation and livestock) Desalinated water production refers to the removal of salt from saline waters-usually seawater- using a variety of techniques including reverse osmosis. Most desalinated water is used for domestic Totals may not add due to rounding WORLD RESOURCES 2000-2001
Technical Notes Page 5 Table FW. 2 Groundwater and Desalinization Sources: Groundwater resources and withdrawal data: J. Margat, Les eaux souterraines sans le monde (Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières [BRGM], Département eau, Orléans, France, December 1990); J. Margat and D. Vallée, Water Resources and Uses in the Mediterranean Countries (Blue Plan, Sophia Antipolis, 1999); I.A. Shiklomanov, Comprehensive Assessment of the Freshwater Resources of the World (Stockholm Environment Institute, Stockholm, 1997); Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD), OECD Environmental Data Compendium 1997 (OECD, Paris, 1997); and Economic Commission for Europe, The Environment in Europe and North America (United Nations, New York, 1992). Groundwater resources and desalinization activities: J. Margat, Lex Eaux Souterraines Dans Le Bassin Mediterraneen. Ressources et Utlisations Plan Bleu, Doc. BRGM 282 (Ed. BRGM, Orléans, France, 1998); Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Irrigation in Africa in Figures, Water Reports No. 7 (FAO, Rome, 1995); FAO, Irrigation in the Near East Region in Figures, Water Reports No. 9 (FAO, Rome, 1997); FAO, Irrigation in the Former Soviet Union in Figures, Water Report No. 15 (FAO, Rome, 1997); FAO, Irrigation in Asia in Figures, Water Reports No. 18 (FAO, Rome, 1999); and FAO, Irrigation in Latin America in Figures, Water Reports (FAO, Rome, in preparation). Population data: United Nations (U.N.) Population Division, World Population Prospects, 1950–2050 (The 1998 Revision), on diskette (U.N., New York, 1999). Average annual groundwater recharge is the amount of water that is estimated to annually infiltrate soils, including water from rivers and streams that lose it to underlying strata. In general, this figure would represent the maximum amount of water that could be withdrawn annually without ultimately depleting the groundwater resource. These data are estimated in a variety of ways and caution should be used in comparing values for different countries. Per capita recharge is the amount of water that annually infiltrates soils on a per person basis, using 2000 population estimates from the U.N. Population Division. Annual total groundwater withdrawals refers to abstractions from all groundwater sources—even nonrenewable sources. The percentage of annual recharge refers to total groundwater withdrawals. Per capita annual withdrawals were calculated using national population data for the year of data shown. Sectoral share of withdrawals of groundwater is classified as domestic (drinking water, homes, commercial establishments, public services, and municipal use), industry (including water withdrawn to cool thermoelectric plants), and agriculture (irrigation and livestock). Desalinated water production refers to the removal of salt from saline waters—usually seawater— using a variety of techniques including reverse osmosis. Most desalinated water is used for domestic purposes. Totals may not add due to rounding. WORLD RESOURCES 2000-2001