第二周预习思考题 1、有机化合物命名的一般步骤怎样?母体 如何选择?各种基团(官能团)的英文词 头或词尾的变化规律如何? ■2、各种碳氢化合物的稳定性如何?芳香性 与共振论是怎么回事?如何画极限共振结 构式,并判断它们的能量高低? ■3、化合物结构与物理性质的关系如何? ■4、非共价弱作用力有哪些?
第二周预习思考题 ◼ 1、有机化合物命名的一般步骤怎样?母体 如何选择?各种基团(官能团)的英文词 头或词尾的变化规律如何? ◼ 2、各种碳氢化合物的稳定性如何?芳香性 与共振论是怎么回事?如何画极限共振结 构式,并判断它们的能量高低? ◼ 3、化合物结构与物理性质的关系如何? ◼ 4、非共价弱作用力有哪些?
第二章 碳氢化合物 Hydrocarbon
第二章 碳氢化合物 Hydrocarbon
第二章重点讲解问题 ■1.碳氢化合物的命名(以烷烃和环烷烃为例) ■2.碳氢化合物的稳定性 ■3.共轭烯烃、芳香性与共振论和分子轨道理论 4.碳氢化合物的物理性质与分子间作用力关系
第二章重点讲解问题 ◼ 1. 碳氢化合物的命名(以烷烃和环烷烃为例) ◼ 2. 碳氢化合物的稳定性 ◼ 3. 共轭烯烃、芳香性与共振论和分子轨道理论 ◼ 4. 碳氢化合物的物理性质与分子间作用力关系
2.1碳氢化合物的分类与命名 2. 1.1 Classification of hydrocarbon Alkanes and Cycloalkanes Alkenes(cis and trans)(Z and e) Conjugated dienes Aromatic hydrocarbons a Alkynes
2.1 碳氢化合物的分类与命名 ◼ 2.1.1 Classification of hydrocarbon ◼ Alkanes and Cycloalkanes ◼ Alkenes (cis and trans) (Z and E) ◼ Conjugated dienes ◼ Aromatic hydrocarbons ◼ Alkynes
2.1碳氢化合物的分类与命名 2.1.2 Representing molecules Molecular formula CHa H aa stick figure H-CH a lewis dot structure H a a sawhorse representation a hatched line -behind the plane H:CH HIll1 C a solid wedge-in front of the plane H
2.1 碳氢化合物的分类与命名 ◼ 2.1.2 Representing Molecules ◼ Molecular formula CH4 H ◼ a Stick figure H C H ◼ a Lewis dot structure H ◼ a Sawhorse representation
2.1碳氢化合物的分类与命名 2.13通式与不饱和度(环的数目) Saturated Hydrocarbons: CnH2n+2 For a formula: CH Degree of unsaturated=(2n+2-m)/2 If it is a cycloalkane, the degree of unsaturated equals to the number of ring
2.1 碳氢化合物的分类与命名 ◼ 2.1.3 通式与不饱和度(环的数目) ◼ Saturated Hydrocarbons: CnH2n+2 ◼ For a formula: CnHm ◼ Degree of unsaturated= (2n+2-m)/2 ◼ ◼ If it is a cycloalkane, the degree of unsaturated equals to the number of ring
2.1.4 Nomenclature Common Name and systematic Name CH 4 CHaCH 3 CH3CH2CH ■ Methane Ethane Propane CHa CH,CH,CHCH CHCH CH3 C. N n-butane isobutane ■S.N Butane 2-methylpropane
2.1.4 Nomenclature ◼ Common Name and Systematic Name ◼ CH4 CH3CH3 CH3CH2CH3 ◼ Methane Ethane Propane ◼ CH3CH2CH2CH3 CH3CHCH3 ◼ CH3 ◼ C. N. n-butane isobutane ◼ S. N. Butane 2-methylpropane
2.1.4 Nomenclature CH CHCH,CH,CH Pentane CH3CHCH2CH3 isopentane, 2-methylbutane CH CH3 CH3CCH3 neopentane, 2, 2-dimethylpropane CH3
2.1.4 Nomenclature ◼ CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 Pentane ◼ CH3CHCH2CH3 isopentane, 2-methylbutane ◼ CH3 ◼ CH3 ◼ CH3CCH3 neopentane, 2,2-dimethylpropane ◼ CH3
2.1.4 Nomenclature CH CH,,..CH hexane CH3CHCH2 CH2CH3 isohexane, 2-methylpentane CH 3 CH 3 CH3CCH2 CH3 neohexane, 2, 2-dimethylbutane CH3
2.1.4 Nomenclature ◼ CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 hexane ◼ CH3CHCH2CH2CH3 isohexane, 2-methylpentane ◼ CH3 ◼ CH3 ◼ CH3CCH2 CH3 neohexane, 2,2-dimethylbutane ◼ CH3
2.1.4 Nomenclature CH3CH2CHCH2CH3 none 3-methylpentane CH CH3CH-CHCH3 none 2, 3-dimethylbutane CHCH ■ Alkyl Group R-( (replacing“ ane with yl primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary C, but only primary, secondary, tertiary H see our text
2.1.4 Nomenclature ◼ CH3CH2CHCH2CH3 none 3-methylpentane ◼ CH3 ◼ CH3CH-CHCH3 none 2,3-dimethylbutane ◼ CH3 CH3 ◼ Alkyl Group R- (replacing “ane” with “yl”) ◼ primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary C, but only primary, secondary, tertiary H ◼ ( see our text )