Unit 1 How can we be come good learners? Section B 1(1a-2e) Step l Discussion Do you have difficulty in learning English? What things are difficult for you? la Learning English can be difficult. What things are difficult for you? Read the list. Check ( the statements that are true for you. I cant pronounce some of the words. I can t always understand spoken English. I don t know how to increase my reading speed. I can t spell some English words I often make mistakes in grammar. 注解 1.I can t always understand spoken English 【解析】 speak→ spoke→ spoken v.说 【注意】部分动词的过去分词也可做该词的形容词: spoken口语的 broken坏掉的 written写作的 2.I don' t know how to increase my readi 【解析】“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语 【注意】 what to do后不需要跟宾语 how to do后必须跟宾语 【拓展】“疑问词+动词不定式”结构:
1 Unit 1 How can we become good learners? Section B 1 (1a-2e) Step 1 Discussion Do you have difficulty in learning English? What things are difficult for you? 1a Learning English can be difficult. What things are difficult for you? Read the list. Check (✓) the statements that are true for you. ____ I can't pronounce some of the words. ____ I can't always understand spoken English. ____I don't know how to increase my reading speed. ____I can't spell some English words. ____I often make mistakes in grammar. 注解: 1. I can’t always understand spoken English. 【解析】speak →spoke →spoken v.说 【注意】部分动词的过去分词也可做该词的形容词：spoken 口语的 broken 坏掉的 written 写作的 2. I don’t know how to increase my reading speed. 【解析】“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语 【注意】what to do 后不需要跟宾语 how to do 后必须跟宾语 【拓展】“疑问词+动词不定式”结构：
what, which 词不定式(todo) ll, wonder hen, whe owt Ib What other things are difficult for you? Make a list. 1.I don t know enough words to write well Step 2 Listening and speaking lc Paul finds it difficult to learn English. Listen and complete the learning hallenges he talks about. Challen 1. He cant get the a lot of new words Answers: pronunciation, forgets, understand, writi ld Listen again. Complete the solutions. Answers: Listening, write the new words, join an English language club, pen pal le role-play conversations using the information in Ic and ld. A: I don t have a partner to practice english with
2 know ， tell, wonder , ask, find out, learn+ what, which, when, where, how + 动词不定式（to do） 1b What other things are difficult for you? Make a list. 1. I don’t know enough words to write well. 2.____________________________________ 3.____________________________________ Step 2 Listening and speaking 1c Paul finds it difficult to learn English. Listen and complete the learning challenges he talks about. Answers: pronunciation, forgets, understand, writing 1d Listen again. Complete the solutions. Answers: Listening, write the new words, join an English language club, pen pal 1e Role-play conversations using the information in 1c and 1d. A: I don’t have a partner to practice English with. Challenges 1. He can’t get the _____________ right. 2 He ________ a lot of new words. 3. He can’t always __________ when people talk to him. 4. He doesn’t get much ________ practice
B: Maybe you should join an English club 注解: Maybe you should join an English club. 【解析】 join/join in/take part in (1)join= be a member of参加,指加入某种组织,并成为其中的一员 join the army/ party入伍/党 join the club加入俱乐部 ◆ Join In后接活动名称 ◆ join sb.加入到某个人群之中 (2) take part in参加,指加入群体活动中并在活动中发挥重要作用 Step 3 Discussion 2a What good learning habits can you think of? Make a list and discuss them with your partner. 2b Read the passage quickly. Which four habits of successful learners are mentioned 2c Read the passage again and answer the questions 1. Does the writer think that everyone is born with the ability to learn well? Do you agree? Why or why not? 2. Why is it a good idea to connect something you need to learn with something you are interested in? 3. What do the sayings use it or lose it" and practice makes perfect" mean? do you agree with them?
3 B: Maybe you should join an English club. 注解: Maybe you should join an English club. 【解析】 join/join in/take part in (1) join=be a member of 参加, 指加入某种组织，并成为其中的一员。 join the army / party 入伍/党 join the club 加入俱乐部 ◆ join in 后接活动名称 ◆ join sb. 加入到某个人群之中 (2) take part in 参加，指加入群体活动中并在活动中发挥重要作用。 Step 3 Discussion 2a What good learning habits can you think of? Make a list and discuss them with your partner. Step 4 Reading 2b Read the passage quickly. Which four habits of successful learners are mentioned? 2c Read the passage again and answer the questions. 1. Does the writer think that everyone is born with the ability to learn well? Do you agree? Why or why not? 2. Why is it a good idea to connect something you need to learn with something you are interested in? 3. What do the sayings "use it or lose it" and "practice makes perfect" mean? Do you agree with them?
4. Do good learners learn from mistakes or are they afraid of making mistakes? 5. What study skills does the writer talk about? do you have those study skills? 6. Do you agree that learning is a lifelong journey? Why or why not? Step 5 language points 1. It is also easier for you to pay attention to it for a long time 该句句型是 It is adj. for sb. to do sth. 【注】若形容词表示事物特征的,如:easy, difficult,hard, lmportant等,须用介词 for o It's +adj.(kind, honest, friendly)+(of sb.) to do sth 【注】若形容词表示人的性格、品质与特点,如:good,kind,nice, wrong等,用介词 【中考链接】 It’ s very convenient us to buy train ticket now because we can buy them either from the station or on the Internet.(2012山东东营) A. to B. of C. by D. for 2. Good learners often connect what they need to learn with some thing interesting. connect v.意为“连接:与……有联系” 当表示把两个物体(A和B)连接起来时,常用结构是 connect a to/with/andB,其 中to表示把A接到B上,多用来指动作而不指状态。 e.g. Connect the speaker to with the record player, please
4 4. Do good learners learn from mistakes or are they afraid of making mistakes? 5. What study skills does the writer talk about? Do you have those study skills? 6. Do you agree that learning is a lifelong journey? Why or why not? Step 5 Language points 1. It is also easier for you to pay attention to it for a long time. 该句句型是 It is adj. for sb. to do sth. 【注】若形容词表示事物特征的，如：easy, difficult, hard, important 等，须用介词 for。 It’s +adj. (kind, honest, friendly) + (of sb.) to do sth. 【注】若形容词表示人的性格、品质与特点，如：good, kind, nice, wrong 等，用介词 of。 【中考链接】 It’s very convenient ___ us to buy train tickets now because we can buy them either from the station or on the Internet. (2012 山东东营) A. to B. of C. by D. for Answer: D 2. Good learners often connect what they need to learn with something interesting. connect v. 意为“连接；与……有联系” 当表示把两个物体（A 和 B）连接起来时，常用结构是 connect A to / with / and B，其 中 to 表示把 A 接到 B 上，多用来指动作而不指状态。 e.g. Connect the speaker to / with the record player, please
The subway connects the train station and/ with the airport. 3. Good learners think about what they are good at and what they need to practice 【 think相关短语】 think about想起,考虑 think of想到,认为 think over仔细考虑 think out考虑好 think up想出来 think through认真地考虑 4. Even if you learn something well, you will forget it unless you use it. even though= even if即使,引导让步状语从句 【注】 even though引导让步状语从句时,不能与but连用。 【中考链接】 -This dress was last years style. still looks perfect it has gone out this year.(2012青海) A. so that B. as if C. even though D. ever since Answer: C
5 The subway connects the train station and / with the airport. 3. Good learners think about what they are good at and what they need to practice more. 【think 相关短语】 think about 想起，考虑 think of 想到，认为 think over 仔细考虑 think out 考虑好 think up 想出来 think through 认真地考虑 4. Even if you learn something well, you will forget it unless you use it. even though=even if 即使, 引导让步状语从句 【注】even though 引导让步状语从句时，不能与 but 连用。 【中考链接】 —This dress was last year’s style. — I think it still looks perfect ______ it has gone out this year. (2012 青海) A. so that B. as if C. even though D. ever since Answer: C
5...., they are not afraid of making mistakes. (1) be afraid of sth/ doing sth害怕做某事,担心(出现某种不良后果)。 (2) be afraid to do sth害怕去做…,“怕”或“不敢”去做某事 (3) be afraid+that恐怕…,用于礼貌地表达可能令人不愉快的消息。 (4)回答别人的提问时,可用省略形式I’ m afraid so(not) 6. They even ask each other and try to find out the answers. (1) try on试穿 (2) try to do sth.努力做某事,侧重尽力做 (3) try doing sth.试图做某事,侧重尝试做 (4) try one’ s best to do sth.= do one’ s best to do sth.尽某人最 大努力做某事 find out寻找,查明 【拓展】find/ look for/ find out找 (1) find I.找到,强调找到的结果 (2)10 ok for寻找,强调找东西的过程 (3) find out查明,找到,指经过调查,询问等弄清事实的真相 7. But whe ther or not you can do this well depends on your learning habits 1)此句中 whether or not you can do it well是个从句,用作整个句子的主语。这种从 句叫作“主语从句”。又如 Whether you did it right or wrong isn' t so important. What's important is the experience you gained
6 5. …, they are not afraid of making mistakes. (1) be afraid of sth/doing sth 害怕做某事，担心（出现某种不良后果）。 (2) be afraid to do sth 害怕去做…, “怕” 或“不敢”去做某事。 (3) be afraid +that 恐怕…, 用于礼貌地表达可能令人不愉快的消息。 (4) 回答别人的提问时，可用省略形式 I’m afraid so (not)。 6. They even ask each other and try to find out the answers. (1) try on 试穿 (2) try to do sth. 努力做某事，侧重尽力做 (3) try doing sth. 试图做某事，侧重尝试做 (4) try one’s best to do sth.= do one’s best to do sth. 尽某人最 大努力做某事 find out 寻找，查明 【拓展】find/look for/find out 找 (1) find v. 找到，强调找到的结果 (2) look for 寻找，强调找东西的过程 (3) find out 查明，找到，指经过调查，询问等弄清事实的真相 7. But whether or not you can do this well depends on your learning habits. 1) 此句中 whether or not you can do it well 是个从句，用作整个句子的主语。这种从 句叫作“主语从句”。又如： Whether you did it right or wrong isn’t so important. What’s important is the experience you gained
2) whether or not是英语从句的一个连词结构,意思和功能相当于 whether,表示“是 否”,常出现在宾语从句,主语从句中。使用时,也可把 whether和 or not分开, or not 放到句尾。例如 Ican’ t tell whe ther or not the teacher likes me.此句也可以写成:Ican’ t tell whether the teacher likes me or not 8. Knowledge comes from questioning. question在句子中作动词,是“质疑:质问 提问”的意思。例如: just accepted what he told me. I never thought to question it. 当 question用作动词,表示对某人或事物进行提问时,是一种十分正式的用法,有“提问 询问;审问”的意思。例如: The police questioned him for three hours before letting him go Step 6 Groupwork 2e Do you think you are a good learner? What learning habits do you think are useful? Discuss with your group and share your ideas with the class A: i think another way to become a successful learner is by trying to think about the same thing in different ways B: I agree. i believe that Step 7 Exercise I.写出下列短语 1.注意,关注 2.把…和…联系起来 3.天生具有
7 2) whether or not 是英语从句的一个连词结构，意思和功能相当于 whether, 表示“是 否”，常出现在宾语从句，主语从句中。使用时，也可把 whether 和 or not 分开，or not 放到句尾。 例如: I can’t tell whether or not the teacher likes me. 此句也可以写成: I can’t tell whether the teacher likes me or not. 8. Knowledge comes from questioning. question 在句子中作动词，是“质疑；质问； 提问”的意思。例如： I just accepted what he told me. I never thought to question it. 当 question 用作动词，表示对某人或事物进行提问时，是一种十分正式的用法，有“提问； 询问；审问”的意思。例如： The police questioned him for three hours before letting him go. Step 6 Groupwork 2e Do you think you are a good learner? What learning habits do you think are useful? Discuss with your group and share your ideas with the class. A: I think another way to become a successful learner is by trying to think about the same thing in different ways. B: I agree. I believe that… Step 7 Exercise I. 写出下列短语 1. 注意，关注 2. 把…和…联系起来 3. 天生具有…
4.取决于 5.即使 6.害怕 7.犯错误 9.熟能生巧 II.完成句子 1.好的学习者时常把他们需要学习的和有趣的东西联系起来 Good learners often what they need something 2.即使你学得一些东西好,但你如果不用它将会忘记 you learn something well 3.好的学习者也不害怕犯错误。 Good learners are also making Write a sentence using each word in the box brain n connect v overnight adv attention n review v knowledge n
8 4. 取决于 5. 即使 6. 害怕 7. 犯错误 8. 向…学习 9. 熟能生巧 II. 完成句子 1. 好的学习者时常把他们需要学习的和有趣的东西联系起来。 Good learners often _______ what they need __ _____ ____ something interesting. 2. 即使你学得一些东西好，但你如果不用它将会忘记。 _____ __ you learn something well, you will forget it ______ you use it. 3. 好的学习者也不害怕犯错误。 Good learners are also ___ _____ __ making __________. Step 8 Homework Write a sentence using each word in the box. 司马迁与班固 司马迁作《史记》，完成于汉武帝末年。班固作《汉书》，未成而作者因与外戚窦宪的关系，死于狱中事在汉和帝永元四年（公92）。一属西汉，东相去公元年各约90。今日看来，这两部书好像联袂而出。其实它们间隔了大约180年，等于我们现在距离清嘉庆朝的时间。《史记》为私人著作，《汉书》则经皇帝看过，有国史的色彩。司马迁自称“成一家之言”和藏名山，已班固作书的宗旨不同。况且《史记》是通，汉书断代史。两位家的个性癖好不同，这也使他们在取材行文之间，有相当的出入。在公元前90年和，中国的史家思想所处社会环境已有大幅度的变化。其中一个关键在于，汉武帝用董仲舒之建议，罢斥百家独尊儒术。我们在这里要特别指出的是，董仲舒之尊儒并不是以为目的，而了树立一种统帝国的正思想，他坦白地承认提倡学术，旨在支持当时政权。武帝之置五经博士、立学校之官策贤良，都根据此宗旨着眼，从中国庞大的文官集团，有了他们施政的正统逻辑。司马迁和董仲舒同时代，他读书不受这种政策的影响。而到了班固生活的年代，“正规”儒家思想已有一百多年的基础。司马迁和班固一样，自称是周公和孔子的信徒。可是今日我们一打开《史记》，随意翻阅三五处，即可以体会到作者带着一种浪漫主义和个人的作风，爽快淋漓不拘形迹，无腐儒气息。他自称“少负不羁之才，长无乡曲誉”应当是一种真实的写照。他所崇奉的士为知己用，女悦容也可以说是源于儒家道德，可是这立场就已经和过正统限制的所谓儒家不同了。《史记》里写荆轲和高渐离饮酒击筑，又歌泣旁若无人，已近于董仲舒所说的“邪辟”。并且项羽是汉高祖刘邦的死对头，而《史记》里的项羽本纪排列在《高祖本纪》之前（若在后代必称项酋”“伪楚，而本纪只能降格为载记）。文中又把项羽写成一个虽暴躁却又浑憨可爱的角色，其英雄末路令人怜惜。与之相较，刘邦反像一个伪君子。《史记》除了刺客列传之外，还有《滑稽列传》日者和《龟策列传》，可谓涉及九流三教，有呈现整个社会之剖面的样子。班固书里虽有《东方朔传》，却不再缕列非正派或下流的文化资料。也因其如此，司马迁就受到班固的指责。《汉书》里就有司马迁传》，内中批评他“又其是非颇缪于圣人，论大道则先黄老而后六经，序游侠则退处士而进奸雄，述货殖则崇势利而羞贱贫，此其所蔽也”。这些地方还不足以表现班固的正统思想，最使我们看出他的作品在历史上是属于“罢斥百家，独尊儒术”之后的产物，乃是《汉书》卷二十古今人表》。这里列有193位古代名人，包括传奇中的人物如女娲氏、有巢，《论语》中有名的孔门弟子，《春秋》中的国君等，至秦亡为止。由作者“显善昭恶”的原则按上至下区分为三等九则。内中得上圣人者十四，包括三皇五帝以周公、孔子殿后。仲尼之外即再无圣人，孟子也只与颜渊、管仲同属上中仁人。老子与商鞅、申墨翟韩非都属中上，与孙膑、白起一流。刺客荆轲则为中，和孟尝君、吕不韦同品。而下愚人里既有蚩尤、共工三苗，也有倾国城的褒姒和妲己。秦始皇虽焚书坑儒，班固只贬之为中下，因他面还有二世胡亥列入下中，宦官赵高列入下。 因此，我们也可以推想出世俗观念中儒家的拘泥，并不一定是孔子和他门徒的真性格。那些呆板多方面的样子，还是后人所造其目的在维持文官集团的紧凑。总算还是中国读书人的运气好，得有太史公司马迁在兰台令班固之前写作，否则没有《史记》，径由汉书开二十三史之端，中国学的传统必更趋向“文以载道”的方针，更缺乏百家殊方的真实性和生动活泼了。 1. 关于《史记》和汉书的表述，下列理解符合原文意思的一项是A. 《史记》完成于汉武帝末年，《书》完成于汉和帝永元四年，一属西汉东成书年代相差约180年。B. 《史记》为私人著作，而《汉书》则经皇帝看过，带有国史的色彩，因此《汉书》在编修上要比《史记》更为严谨和准确。C. 司马迁的“成一家之言”藏名山的宗旨和班固作《汉书》的宗旨有很大不同，这就决定了《史记》是通，汉书断代史。D. 汉武帝用董仲舒之建议，罢斥百家独尊儒术，司马迁的思想并未受此影响，而班固则不同这也是《史记》和汉书风格差异的重要原因。2. 下列理解和分析，不符合原文意思的一项是A. 董仲舒之尊儒，并不是以为目的，其真正在于树立一种统帝国的正思想，支持当时政权。班固受其影响，并呈现于《汉书》的创作中。B.司马迁和班固都认同儒家思想，但是作者个人气质的巨大差异使得《史记》和汉书文风差异明显，司马迁带着一种浪漫主义和个人的作风。C. 《史记》和汉书在对待项羽的态度上差异明显，《史记》里的项羽本纪排列在《高祖本纪》之前，这在《汉书》中是不可能出现的。D. 《史记》里的人物涉及三教九流各色人等，如日者（占卜的人），而《汉书》秉持官方正统思想，较少记录不符合正统观念的人物。3. 根据原文内容，下列理解和分析不正确的一项是A. 班固在《汉书•司马迁传》中表达了对司马迁的看法“是非颇缪于圣人”，他认为《史记》的叙观念有悖于圣人之道。B. 《汉书》里的卷二十《古今人表》按照官方正统观念把历史人物分为三等九则，内中得“上圣人”者十四，仲尼之后即再无圣人，表现了极强的独尊儒术态度。C. 我们现在所看到的孔子及其门徒形象，多半出于汉朝“独尊儒术”以后的历史典籍，这些形象并不是他们的真实形象。D. 《史记》中把项羽刻画成一个虽暴躁却又浑憨可爱的末路英雄形象，与之相比刘邦反像一个伪君子，这样的描述在《汉书》中是不可能出现的。【答案】1. D2B3C【解析】1.试题分析：A项，根据原文可知班固死于狱中是在汉和帝永元四年，《汉书》成在此之后；B项，“《汉书》在编修上要比《史记》更为严谨和准确”的说法于文无据；C项，强加因果。2. 试题分析：根据文意可以判断“个人气质的极大差异”并不是主要原因，班固受官方正统儒家思想的影响较大。 brain n. connect v. overnight adv. attention n. review v. knowledge n. ability n. active adj. wisely adv
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9 3. 试题分析：C项说法过于绝对，根据最后一段可知，作者是“推想”，不一定是孔子及其门徒的真性情