Unit 5 Music 李仕才 、阅读理解 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。 For over a century, the Nashua River in Massachusetts provided power for mills(I which gave jobs to thousands of people. Over the years, these pap er, cotton wood, and woolen mills had dumped their waste into its waters By the 1960s, the Nashua River was about as polluted as any river could get. Its waters ran red or green or blue with dye (F)from paper mills situated on its banks. The fumes (4)from this dye blackened paint on the buildings near the river. Then along came Marion Stoddart with a simple but overwhe lming idea-clean up the Nashua. This was no one-woman campaign. Stoddart encouraged the paper mills and the business community to form partnerships to reclaim the river. She carried jars of dirty river water to local officials to demonstrate the seriousness of the problem. Stoddart talked with business leaders about economic problems. She talked with environmentalists about the long-term problems of pollution Stoddart knew that the state Water pollution control board would have the final say on forcing the clean-up. When she spoke to the board, she insisted that the Nashua should be made safe for swimming They thought her goals were unrealistic. However, the partnerships Stoddart had he l ped form and the volunteers who were drawn to her cause never gave up. They all realized that cleaning up the river was in everyones best interests. By 1993, several water treatment plants had been built and a conservation area called a"greenway" had been created along the banks of th Today mills are still operating along the river, but there are also fish in the river. The Nashua River we comes boaters, naturalists, and even swimmers. None of this would have been possible without a woman of vision and a community working together. 1. What does the under lined word "reclaim" refer to? A. Re B. En C. Mor n tor Explore hats the board's attitude to Stoddart's goal of improving the river? A. Supportive. B. Doubtful C. Neutral. D. Cautious 3. What kind of person is Marion Stoddart?
Unit 5 Music 李仕才 一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中，选出最佳选项。 For over a century，the Nashua River in Massachusetts provided power for mills(工 厂)，which gave jobs to thousands of people.Over the years，these paper，cotton， wood，and woolen mills had dumped their waste into its waters. By the 1960s，the Nashua River was about as polluted as any river could get.Its waters ran red or green or blue with dye (染料)from paper mills situated on its banks.The fumes(烟)from this dye blackened paint on the buildings near the river. Then along came Marion Stoddart with a simple but overwhelming idea—clean up the Nashua.This was no onewoman campaign.Stoddart encouraged the paper mills and the business community to form partnerships to reclaim the river.She carried jars of dirty river water to local officials to demonstrate the seriousness of the problem.Stoddart talked with business leaders about economic problems.She talked with environmentalists about the longterm problems of pollution. Stoddart knew that the State Water Pollution Control Board would have the final say on forcing the cleanup.When she spoke to the board，she insisted that the Nashua should be made safe for swimming.They thought her goals were unrealistic. However，the partnerships Stoddart had helped form and the volunteers who were drawn to her cause never gave up.They all realized that cleaning up the river was in everyone's best interests.By 1993，several water treatment plants had been built， and a conservation area called a“greenway”had been created along the banks of the river. Today mills are still operating along the river，but there are also fish in the river.The Nashua River welcomes boaters，naturalists，and even swimmers.None of this would have been possible without a woman of vision and a community working together. 1．What does the underlined word“reclaim” refer to? A．Rescue. B．Enlarge. C．Monitor. D．Explore. 2．What's the board's attitude to Stoddart's goal of improving the river? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Neutral. D．Cautious. 3．What kind of person is Marion Stoddart?
A. Independent and broad-minded. B. Determined and far-sighted. C. Intelligent and creative. D. Stubborn and proud 4. What message is conveyed through the no one-woman campaign? A. It' ll be all right on the night B. Prevention is better th an cure Many hands make light work. Failure is the mother of success 【解题导语】本文讲的是 Marion stoddart如何联合个体、团体和政府部门共同治理河 水污染 【难句分析】 None of this would have been possible without a woman of vision and a community working together. 分析:本句用了虚拟语气。 None of this would have been possible表示与过去事实 相反的情况, wi thout引出虚拟条件。 译文:如果没有一个具有远见卓识的女人和一个一起努力的团体,所有这一切都是不可 能的。 1.A考查词义猜测。结合语境及上下文中出现的“ clean up the Nashua”“the clean-up”“ cleaning up the river”等信息可知,此处指的应是河流治理方面的内容, 由此可推知画线词的意思应是“改造”,与A项意思相近,故选A。 2.B考查观点态度。根据第四段中的“ When she spoke to the board.. They thought her goals were unrealistic”可知,该委员会认为 Stoddart改善河流状况的目标不切实 际,即是持怀疑的态度的,故选B。 3.B考查推理判断。根据文章第三、四段中对 Stoddart为了改善河流状况东奔西走 的描述及最后一段中的“ a woman of vision”可知, Marion stoddart是一个有决心和有 远见卓识的人。故选B。 4.C考査推理判断。通读全文可知,改善纳舒厄河被污染的现状并不是 Stoddart 个人的战斗,她还积极地联合个体、团体和政府部门共同治理河水污染,并最终收到成效。 由此可知,C项“人多好办事,众人拾柴火焰高”符合题意。A项意为“车到山前必有路” B项意为“预防优于补救” 单句语法填空 1. The meeting didnt break untl noon 答案: up break up“结束:解散
A．Independent and broadminded. B．Determined and farsighted. C．Intelligent and creative. D．Stubborn and proud. 4．What message is conveyed through the no onewoman campaign? A．It'll be all right on the night. B．Prevention is better than cure. C．Many hands make light work. D．Failure is the mother of success. 【解题导语】本文讲的是 Marion Stoddart 如何联合个体、团体和政府部门共同治理河 水污染。 【难句分析】None of this would have been possible without a woman of vision and a community working together. 分析：本句用了虚拟语气。None of this would have been possible 表示与过去事实 相反的情况，without 引出虚拟条件。 译文：如果没有一个具有远见卓识的女人和一个一起努力的团体，所有这一切都是不可 能的。 1．A 考查词义猜测。结合语境及上下文中出现的“clean up the Nashua”“the cleanup”“cleaning up the river”等信息可知，此处指的应是河流治理方面的内容， 由此可推知画线词的意思应是“改造”，与 A 项意思相近，故选 A。 2．B 考查观点态度。根据第四段中的“When she spoke to the board...They thought her goals were unrealistic”可知，该委员会认为 Stoddart 改善河流状况的目标不切实 际，即是持怀疑的态度的，故选 B。 3．B 考查推理判断。根据文章第三、四段中对 Stoddart 为了改善河流状况东奔西走 的描述及最后一段中的“a woman of vision”可知，Marion Stoddart 是一个有决心和有 远见卓识的人。故选 B。 4．C 考查推理判断。通读全文可知，改善纳舒厄河被污染的现状并不是 Stoddart 一 个人的战斗，她还积极地联合个体、团体和政府部门共同治理河水污染，并最终收到成效。 由此可知，C 项“人多好办事，众人拾柴火焰高”符合题意。A 项意为“车到山前必有路”； B 项意为“预防优于补救”。 二、单句语法填空 1．The meeting didn't break ________until noon. 答案：up break up “结束；解散
2. She buried her head under the covers, (pretend) to be asleep 答案: pretending此处She与 pretend之间是主动关系,且 pretend表示的动作几乎 与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,故用现在分词 pretending作伴随状语。 3. The process Is (pain), but the result is desirable. Remember: no pains no gains. 答案: painful此处形容词 painful“痛苦的”,作表语。 4. She was efficient and (rely), so we all liked her very much. 答案: reliable此处形容词 reliable“可靠的”,作表语, 5. He was full of confident) that he would be admitted to the famous un ve 答案: confidence full of confidence“充满信心”。 6. It is hard for migrant workers (earn) a living, especially during the present financial cris 答案: to earn此处 to earn a living是不定式短语作主语,句首It是形式主语 7. The old are very (attach) to old customs and habits 答案: attached be attached to“依恋……”。 8. Tom and his twin sisters are going to put perform) tomorrow evening. 答案: performance put on a performance“演出 To be great, you must be smart, confident, and nest 答案: above above al1为固定短语,意为“最重要;首先”。 10.(2017·北京高考)In1963 the un set up the World Food Programme, one of purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation 答案: whose本空需要关系代词引导非限制性定语从句,句子还原后的表达是 one of its purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation,这里把作定语的人称代词its改为 hose,引导定语从句并在从句中作定语,指代前面的名词 the World Food Programme,因 此填 whose 三、完形填空 阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可能填入空白处的 最佳选项 (2018·海口调研) My fiance(a*)and I decided today was the day to treat ourselves to a nice dinner. It as"our day", but little did we know that it would turn into much
2．She buried her head under the covers, ________(pretend) to be asleep. 答案：pretending 此处 She 与 pretend 之间是主动关系，且 pretend 表示的动作几乎 与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，故用现在分词 pretending 作伴随状语。 3．The process is ________(pain), but the result is desirable. Remember: no pains, no gains. 答案：painful 此处形容词 painful “痛苦的”，作表语。 4．She was efficient and ________(rely), so we all liked her very much. 答案：reliable 此处形容词 reliable “可靠的”，作表语。 5．He was full of ________(confident) that he would be admitted to the famous university. 答案：confidence full of confidence “充满信心”。 6．It is hard for migrant workers ________(earn) a living, especially during the present financial crisis. 答案：to earn 此处 to earn a living 是不定式短语作主语，句首 It 是形式主语。 7．The old are very ________(attach) to old customs and habits. 答案：attached be attached to “依恋……”。 8．Tom and his twin sisters are going to put on a ________ (perform) tomorrow evening. 答案：performance put on a performance “演出”。 9．To be great, you must be smart, confident, and, ________all, honest. 答案：above above all 为固定短语，意为“最重要；首先”。 10．(2017·北京高考)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ________purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. 答案：whose 本空需要关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，句子还原后的表达是 one of its purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation，这里把作定语的人称代词 its 改为 whose，引导定语从句并在从句中作定语，指代前面的名词 the World Food Programme，因 此填 whose。 三、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可能填入空白处的 最佳选项。 (2018·海口调研) My fiancé(未婚夫)and I decided today was the day to treat ourselves to a nice dinner.It __1__ as“our day”，but little did we know that it would turn into much
2.I didn t want the whole day to be about wanting to 3 the office for the upcoming(即将到来的)4 and i didn’ t want it to be just another romantic night for two, 5 I decided to do some thing to make ourselves and others happy I began in small ways. I 6 a few more coins into the food vending machines(h 动售货机) at work for the staff, so that there would be something for the next7 worker. I posted smile signs in the hall which gave 8 instructions on how to smile entered the office, either before their morning cup of coffee or right before a meeting with their boss. I drafted some powerful words of inspiration on colorfu strips of paper and decorated my 10, so that any colleague who came by might just 11 for a moment, read, and 12 change their feeling When it came time for our lovely dinner to 13 that night, I left the server a big 14 and a well-wishing note for her to have a 15 day as my fiance and I were just about to leave our table, the waitress 16 tears beside us. We asked her to 17 with us and we just listened. As an emotional mother- to-be, I 18 along with her, too. Our table for two was now for 19 It was a day that was not 20 ours, but it was the waitress day, my co-workers ay, and now it's your day too 1. A started B. adapted C. disappeared D. finished 2. A later worse more D. earlier 3. A apply eave C. find 4. A party B. picnic C. banquet D. dinner 5. A. if B. though C. so D. because 6. A. turned B. put C. mad D. hid 7. A full B. sleepy C. angry ngry 8. A few B. clean C. clear D. puzzling 9. A employees managers
__2__.I didn't want the whole day to be about wanting to __3__ the office for the upcoming(即将到来的)__4__ and I didn't want it to be just another romantic night for two，__5__ I decided to do something to make ourselves and others happy. I began in small ways.I __6__ a few more coins into the food vending machines(自 动售货机)at work for the staff，so that there would be something for the next __7__ worker.I posted smile signs in the hall which gave __8__ instructions on how to smile as __9__ entered the office，either before their morning cup of coffee or right before a meeting with their boss.I drafted some powerful words of inspiration on colorful strips of paper and decorated my __10__ ，so that any colleague who came by might just__11__ for a moment，read，and __12__ change their feeling. When it came time for our lovely dinner to __13__ that night，I left the server a big __14__ and a wellwishing note for her to have a __15__ day.As my fiance and I were just about to leave our table，the waitress __16__ tears beside us.We asked her to __17__ with us and we just listened.As an emotional mothertobe，I __18__ along with her，too.Our table for two was now for __19__. It was a day that was not __20__ ours，but it was the waitress'day，my coworkers' day，and now it's your day too! 1．A.started B．adapted C．disappeared D．finished 2．A.later B．worse C．more D．earlier 3．A.apply B．leave C．find D．stay 4．A.party B．picnic C．banquet D．dinner 5．A.if B．though C．so D．because 6．A.turned B．put C．made D．hid 7．A.full B．sleepy C．angry D．hungry 8．A.few B．clean C．clear D．puzzling 9．A.employees B．managers
10. A home B. offi C. restaurant D. bedroom 11. A. stop B run D. bu B. hardly D. perh 13. A change egin C. arise 14. A bil C. order menu 15. A wonderful B. careful D. anxious 16. A looked into B. cam D. burst 17. A stand up B. sit down 18. A smiled B. shouted C. cried D. cheered 19. A three C. five SIX B. usual 【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者和她的未婚夫决定一起共进晚餐。在这本该属于 他们自己的特殊一天里,作者却选择把关爱和欢乐一同送给同事、餐厅服务员、甚至是未曾 谋面的陌生人,让爱和温暖滋润他人。 1.A考查动词辨析。根据下文的“ but little did we know that it would turn into much ”及下文内容可知,这顿晚餐一开始只属于我们。 start意为“开始”,符 合语境。故选 2.C考查形容词辨析。根据最后一段中的“ but it was the waitress'day, o- workers’day, and now it' s your day too”可知,“我们”的这一天最后却变得更有 意义,是更多人的一天。more意为“更多”,符合语境。故选C 考査动词辨析。根据语境可知,此处指吃晚饭前先离开办公室。1eave意为“离 开”,符合语境。故选B
C．friends D．bosses 10．A.home B．office C．restaurant D．bedroom 11．A.stop B．run C．eat D．buy 12．A.never B．hardly C．frequently D．perhaps 13．A.change B．begin C．arise D．end 14．A.bill B．tip C．order D．menu 15．A.wonderful B．careful C．busy D．anxious 16．A.looked into B．came into C．made into D．burst into 17．A.stand up B．sit down C．go away D．stay up 18．A.smiled B．shouted C．cried D．cheered 19．A.three B．four C．five D．six 20．A.ever B．usual C．just D．even 【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者和她的未婚夫决定一起共进晚餐。在这本该属于 他们自己的特殊一天里，作者却选择把关爱和欢乐一同送给同事、餐厅服务员、甚至是未曾 谋面的陌生人，让爱和温暖滋润他人。 1．A 考查动词辨析。根据下文的“but little did we know that it would turn into much ________”及下文内容可知，这顿晚餐一开始只属于我们。start 意为“开始”，符 合语境。故选 A。 2．C 考查形容词辨析。根据最后一段中的“but it was the waitress' day，my coworkers' day, and now it's your day too”可知，“我们”的这一天最后却变得更有 意义，是更多人的一天。more 意为“更多”，符合语境。故选 C。 3．B 考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指吃晚饭前先离开办公室。leave 意为“离 开”，符合语境。故选 B
4.D考査名词辨析。根据第一段第一句中的“ a nice dinner”可知,此处指即将到 来的晚餐。故选D。 5.C考査连词辨析。根据语境可知,此处指作者不想这一天只属于她和未婚夫,她也 想给他人带来快乐。本句与上句构成因果关系。故选C 6.B考查动词辨析。根据语境及常识可知,硬币应该是放入自动售货机。B项意为“放, 安置”,符合语境。故选B 考查形容词辨析。根据上文中的“ food vending machines(自动售货机)”可知, 此处指在自动售货机里放入多一些的硬币,是为了让下一个肚子饿了来买食物的同事有东西 吃。 hungry意为“饥饿的”,符合语境。故选D。 8.C考查形容词辨析。根据空格后的“ instructions”及上文中的“ I posted smile signs in the hall”可知,此处指作者在大厅里贴出清晰易懂的笑脸示范。 clear意为“清 晰易懂的,明白清楚的”,符合语境。故选C。 9.A考査名词辨析。根据下文中的“ right before a meeting with their boss”可 知,此处应指雇员。故选A 10.B考查名词辨析。根据空格后的“ any colleague who came by”可知,作者装饰 的是办公室。故选B 11.A考查动词辨析。根据空格后的“ for a moment,read”可知,路过的同事们看 到激励的话会停下来读一读。故选A 12.D考査副词辨析。根据语境可知,作者觉得这些激励的话可能会改变同事们的心 情。此处表推测。故选D。 13.D考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“ I left the server...”可推知,此处应表示 在晚餐结束要离开的时候。end意为“结束,终止”,符合语境。故选D。 14.B考査名词辨析。根据语境及常识可知,在离开之前作者给服务员留下了很丰厚 的小费。B项意为“小费”,符合语境。故选B。 15.A考查形容词辨析。根据上文及“ a well- wishing note”可知,作者的便条是祝 愿服务员有美好的一天。 wonderful意为“精彩的,绝妙的”,符合语境。故选A 16.D考査动词短语辨析。根据上下文语境可知,服务员看到作者的便条感动得哭了 burst into tears意为“突然哭了”,符合语境。故选D。 17.B考査动词短语辨析。根据空格后的“ with us”可知,作者邀请服务员坐下来, 听她倾诉。B项意为“坐下”,符合语境。故选B。 18.C考査动词辨析。根据上文中的“ As an emotional mother-to-be”及语境可知, 服务员突然哭起来,而作者作为一名感性的孕妇也陪她哭了起来。故选C。 19.A考查数词辨析。根据上文可知,作者夫妇和服务员一起坐着,因此一共是三个 人。故选A
4．D 考查名词辨析。根据第一段第一句中的“a nice dinner”可知，此处指即将到 来的晚餐。故选 D。 5．C 考查连词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指作者不想这一天只属于她和未婚夫，她也 想给他人带来快乐。本句与上句构成因果关系。故选 C。 6．B 考查动词辨析。根据语境及常识可知，硬币应该是放入自动售货机。B 项意为“放， 安置”，符合语境。故选 B。 7．D 考查形容词辨析。根据上文中的“food vending machines(自动售货机)”可知， 此处指在自动售货机里放入多一些的硬币，是为了让下一个肚子饿了来买食物的同事有东西 吃。hungry 意为“饥饿的”，符合语境。故选 D。 8．C 考查形容词辨析。根据空格后的“instructions”及上文中的“I posted smile signs in the hall”可知，此处指作者在大厅里贴出清晰易懂的笑脸示范。clear 意为“清 晰易懂的，明白清楚的”，符合语境。故选 C。 9．A 考查名词辨析。根据下文中的“right before a meeting with their boss”可 知，此处应指雇员。故选 A。 10．B 考查名词辨析。根据空格后的“any colleague who came by”可知，作者装饰 的是办公室。故选 B。 11．A 考查动词辨析。根据空格后的“for a moment，read”可知，路过的同事们看 到激励的话会停下来读一读。故选 A。 12．D 考查副词辨析。根据语境可知，作者觉得这些激励的话可能会改变同事们的心 情。此处表推测。故选 D。 13．D 考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“I left the server...”可推知，此处应表示 在晚餐结束要离开的时候。end 意为“结束，终止”，符合语境。故选 D。 14．B 考查名词辨析。根据语境及常识可知，在离开之前作者给服务员留下了很丰厚 的小费。B 项意为“小费”，符合语境。故选 B。 15．A 考查形容词辨析。根据上文及“a wellwishing note”可知，作者的便条是祝 愿服务员有美好的一天。wonderful 意为“精彩的，绝妙的”，符合语境。故选 A。 16．D 考查动词短语辨析。根据上下文语境可知，服务员看到作者的便条感动得哭了。 burst into tears 意为“突然哭了”，符合语境。故选 D。 17．B 考查动词短语辨析。根据空格后的“with us”可知，作者邀请服务员坐下来， 听她倾诉。B 项意为“坐下”，符合语境。故选 B。 18．C 考查动词辨析。根据上文中的“As an emotional mothertobe”及语境可知， 服务员突然哭起来，而作者作为一名感性的孕妇也陪她哭了起来。故选 C。 19．A 考查数词辨析。根据上文可知，作者夫妇和服务员一起坐着，因此一共是三个 人。故选 A
20.C考査副词辨析。句意为:这一天已经不仅仅是属于我们的,也是属于服务员的、 我的同事的而且现在也是你们的。just意为“仅仅”,符合语境。故选Cs 四、单句改错 1. Her devotion in the job left her with very little free time. 答案:in→ to devotion名词“奉献;热爱”常与to搭配 2. Help in form of money will be very welcome 答案:in后加 the in the form of“以……形式 3. This is a kind of flower familiar with many of us 答案:with→ to Sth. is familiar to sb.“某物是某人所熟知的” 4. My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time. 答案: dreams后加of或 about dream of/ about“梦想” 5. He is so diligent that he never goes anywhere with a book 答案:with→ without never.. without.是双重否定表达肯定含义的用法。 五、短文改错 (2017·福建省厦门市二模) Last Sunday, I joined the voluntary group to help keep the traffic in good order at a big crossing near our school. at 8:00 a. m, we arrived there, wore red vests with the word Volunteer on the back. We he lped with the police remind the passers-by to obey traffic rule To our delighted, they all waited for the green light patient except one motor-biker. We also give out some hand made brochures about traff regulations, for that many people praised us. about 4 hours later, they said good-bye o the police and left. Tired as we were, we all felt an honor to do our parts. 答案: Last Sunday, i joined the voluntary group to help keep the traffic in good order at a big crossing near our school. at 8:00 a. m, we arrived there, wore red vests with the word VOLUNTEER on the back. We he lped with the police remind the passers-by
20．C 考查副词辨析。句意为：这一天已经不仅仅是属于我们的，也是属于服务员的、 我的同事的而且现在也是你们的。just 意为“仅仅”，符合语境。故选 C。 四、单句改错 1．Her devotion in the job left her with very little free time. ________________________________________________________ 答案：in→to devotion 名词“奉献；热爱”常与 to 搭配。 2．Help in form of money will be very welcome. ________________________________________________________ 答案：in 后加 the in the form of “以……形式”。 3．This is a kind of flower familiar with many of us. ________________________________________________________ 答案：with→to Sth. is familiar to sb. “某物是某人所熟知的”。 4．My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time. ________________________________________________________ 答案：dreams 后加 of 或 about dream of/about “梦想”。 5．He is so diligent that he never goes anywhere with a book. ________________________________________________________ 答案：with→without never ... without ... 是双重否定表达肯定含义的用法。 五、短文改错 (2017·福建省厦门市二模) Last Sunday，I joined the voluntary group to help keep the traffic in good order at a big crossing near our school.At 8∶00 a．m.，we arrived there，wore red vests with the word VOLUNTEER on the back.We helped with the police remind the passers-by to obey traffic rule.To our delighted，they all waited for the green light patient except one motor-biker.We also give out some hand made brochures about traffic regulations，for that many people praised us.About 4 hours later，they said good-bye to the police and left.Tired as we were，we all felt an honor to do our parts. 答案： Last Sunday，I joined the a voluntary group to help keep the traffic in good order at a big crossing near our school.At 8∶00 a．m.，we arrived there， wore wearing red vests with the word VOLUNTEER on the back.We helped with the police remind the passers-by
to obey traffic rule. To our hted, they all waited for the green light light except one motor-biker. We also give out some hand-made brochures about traffic regulations, for that many people praised us. about 4 hours later, they said good-bye to the police and left. tired as we were, we all felt an honor to do our par ①解析:在全文中是第一次出现,不能用特指,而应用泛指。故将the改为aa ②解析:现在分词作状语表主动含义,此处wear的主语是we,其间是主动关系。 ③解析:帮助某人做某事,不存在 help with sb.sth这一搭配。故将with去掉。 ④解析:交通法规为固定用语,法规肯定不可能就一个。故将rule改为 rules 6解析:固定用语,意为令我们高兴的是……。故将 delighted改为 delight. 解析:副词修饰形容词,此处是用副词 patiently修饰形容词 waited 解析:整篇文章所描述的事情发生在过去,所以动词应用过去时态。 ⑧解析:考查定语从句中介词+ which的用法,此处for是与后面 praised相照应的, praise sb for sth ⑨解析:全篇的人称都是we我们,根据句意也应该是“我们和警察道别” ⑩解析:it在此处作形式宾语不可省略,真正的宾语是后面的不定式 专题08遗传的基本规律 1.(2018天津卷,6)某生物基因型为AA2,A1和A2的表达产物N1和N2可随机组合形成 二聚体蛋白,即NN1、N1N2、N2N2三种蛋白。若该生物体内A2基因表达产物的数量是A1 的2倍,则由A1和A2表达产物形成的二聚体蛋白中,NN1型蛋白占的比例为 A.1/3B.1/4C.1/8D.1/9 【答案】D 【解析】基因A1、A的表达产物N1、N2可随机结合,组成三种类型的二聚体蛋白NN1、NN2 NN2,若该生物体内A2基因表达产物的数量是A的2倍,则N占1/3,N2占2/3,由于N和 N2可随机组合形成二聚体蛋白,因此NN占1/3×1/3=1/9 2.(2018江苏卷,6)一对相对性状的遗传实验中,会导致子二代不符合3:1性状分离比 的情况是 A.显性基因相对于隐性基因为完全显性 B.子一代产生的雌配子中2种类型配子数目相等,雄配子中也相等
to obey traffic rule rules .To our delighted delight ，they all waited for the green light patient patiently except one motor-biker.We also give gave out some hand-made brochures about traffic regulations，for that which many people praised us.About 4 hours later，they we said good-bye to the police and left.Tired as we were，we all felt ∧ it an honor to do our parts. ❶ 解析：在全文中是第一次出现，不能用特指，而应用泛指。故将 the 改为 a。 ❷ 解析：现在分词作状语表主动含义，此处 wear 的主语是 we，其间是主动关系。 ❸ 解析：帮助某人做某事，不存在 help with sb.sth 这一搭配。故将 with 去掉。 ❹ 解析：交通法规为固定用语，法规肯定不可能就一个。故将 rule 改为 rules。 ❺ 解析：固定用语，意为令我们高兴的是……。故将 delighted 改为 delight。 ❻ 解析：副词修饰形容词，此处是用副词 patiently 修饰形容词 waited。 ❼ 解析：整篇文章所描述的事情发生在过去，所以动词应用过去时态。 ❽ 解析：考查定语从句中介词＋which 的用法，此处 for 是与后面 praised 相照应的， praise sb.for sth. ❾ 解析：全篇的人称都是 we 我们，根据句意也应该是“我们和警察道别”。 ○10 解析：it 在此处作形式宾语不可省略，真正的宾语是后面的不定式。 专题 08 遗传的基本规律 1．（2018 天津卷，6）某生物基因型为 A1A2，A1 和 A2 的表达产物 N1 和 N2 可随机组合形成 二聚体蛋白，即 N1N1、N1N2、N2N2 三种蛋白。若该生物体内 A2 基因表达产物的数量是 A1 的 2 倍，则由 A1 和 A2 表达产物形成的二聚体蛋白中，N1N1 型蛋白占的比例为 A. 1/3 B. 1/4 C. 1/8 D. 1/9 【答案】D 【解析】基因 A1、A2 的表达产物 N1、N2 可随机结合，组成三种类型的二聚体蛋白 N1N1、N1N2、 N2N2，若该生物体内 A2 基因表达产物的数量是 A1 的 2 倍，则 N1 占 1/3，N2 占 2/3，由于 N1和 N2 可随机组合形成二聚体蛋白，因此 N1N1 占 1/3×1/3=1/9。 2．（2018 江苏卷，6）一对相对性状的遗传实验中，会导致子二代不符合 3∶1 性状分离比 的情况是 A. 显性基因相对于隐性基因为完全显性 B. 子一代产生的雌配子中 2 种类型配子数目相等，雄配子中也相等
C.子一代产生的雄配子中2种类型配子活力有差异,雌配子无差异 D.统计时子二代3种基因型个体的存活率相等 【答案】C 【解析】在生物的体细胞中,控制同_性状的遗传因子成对存在,不相融合;在形成配子时,成对的遗传 因子发生分离,分离后的遗传因子分别进入不同的配子中,随配子遗传给后代。一对相对性状的遗传实验 中,若显性基因相对于隐性基因为完全显性,则子一代为杂合子,子二代性状分离比为3:1,A正确;若子 代雌雄性都产生比例相等的两种配子,则子二代性状分离比为3:1,B正确;若子一代产生的雄配子中2 种类型配子活力有差异,雌配子无差异,则子二代性状分离比不为3:1,C错误;若统计时,子二代3种基 因型个体的存活率相等,则表现型比例为3:1,D正确。 3.(2017·新课标Ⅲ卷.6)下列有关基因型、性状和环境的叙述,错误的是 A.两个个体的身高不相同,二者的基因型可能相同,也可能不相同 B.某植物的绿色幼苗在黑暗中变成黄色,这种变化是由环境造成的 C.0型血夫妇的子代都是0型血,说明该性状是由遗传因素决定的 D.高茎豌豆的子代出现高茎和矮茎,说明该相对性状是由环境决定的 【答案】D 【解析】基因型完全相同的两个人,可能会由于营养等环境因素的差异导致身高不同,反之, 基因型相不同的两个人,也可能因为环境因素导致身高相同,A正确;在缺光的环境中,绿 色幼苗由于叶绿素合成受影响而变黄,B正确:0型血夫妇的基因型均为ⅱi,两者均为纯合 子,所以后代基因型仍然为ⅱi,表现为0型血,这是由遗传因素决定的,C正确:高茎豌豆 的子代出现高茎和矮茎,是由于亲代是杂合子,子代出现了性状分离,是由遗传因素决定的, D错误 4.(2017·海南卷.20)遗传学上的平衡种群是指在理想状态下,基因频率和基因型频率都不 再改变的大种群。某哺乳动物的平衡种群中,栗色毛和黑色毛由常染色体上的1对等位基因 控制。下列叙述正确的是 A.多对黑色个体交配,每对的子代均为黑色,则说明黑色为显性 B.观察该种群,若新生的栗色个体多于黑色个体,则说明栗色为显性 C.若该种群栗色与黑色个体的数目相等,则说明显隐性基因频率不等 D.选择1对栗色个体交配,若子代全部表现为栗色,则说明栗色为隐性 【答案】C
C. 子一代产生的雄配子中 2 种类型配子活力有差异，雌配子无差异 D. 统计时子二代 3 种基因型个体的存活率相等 【答案】C 3．（2017•新课标Ⅲ卷.6）下列有关基因型、性状和环境的叙述，错误的是 A．两个个体的身高不相同，二者的基因型可能相同，也可能不相同 B．某植物的绿色幼苗在黑暗中变成黄色，这种变化是由环境造成的 C．O 型血夫妇的子代都是 O 型血，说明该性状是由遗传因素决定的 D．高茎豌豆的子代出现高茎和矮茎，说明该相对性状是由环境决定的 【答案】D 【解析】基因型完全相同的两个人，可能会由于营养等环境因素的差异导致身高不同，反之， 基因型相不同的两个人，也可能因为环境因素导致身高相同，A 正确；在缺光的环境中，绿 色幼苗由于叶绿素合成受影响而变黄，B 正确；O 型血夫妇的基因型均为 ii，两者均为纯合 子，所以后代基因型仍然为 ii，表现为 O 型血，这是由遗传因素决定的，C 正确；高茎豌豆 的子代出现高茎和矮茎，是由于亲代是杂合子，子代出现了性状分离，是由遗传因素决定的， D 错误。 4．（2017•海南卷.20）遗传学上的平衡种群是指在理想状态下，基因频率和基因型频率都不 再改变的大种群。某哺乳动物的平衡种群中，栗色毛和黑色毛由常染色体上的 1 对等位基因 控制。下列叙述正确的是 A．多对黑色个体交配，每对的子代均为黑色，则说明黑色为显性 B．观察该种群，若新生的栗色个体多于黑色个体，则说明栗色为显性 C．若该种群栗色与黑色个体的数目相等，则说明显隐性基因频率不等 D．选择 1 对栗色个体交配，若子代全部表现为栗色，则说明栗色为隐性 【答案】C
【解析】多对黑色个体交配,每对的子代均为黑色,可能黑色为显性或隐性,Δ错。新生的栗色个体多于黑 色个体,不能说明显隐性,B错。昰隐性基因频率相等,则旵性个体数量大于隐性个体数量,故若该种群栗 色与黑色个体的数目相等,则说明隐性基因频率大于昰性基因频率,C正确。1对栗色个体交配,若子代全 部表现为栗色,栗色可能为显性也可能为隐性,D错。 5.(2017·海南卷.22)甲、乙、丙、丁4个系谱图依次反映了a、b、c、d四种遗传病的发 病情况,若不考虑基因突变和染色体变异,那么,根据系谱图判断,可排除由X染色体上隐 性基因决定的遗传病是 乙 丙 【答案】D 【解析】X染色体上隐性基因决定的遗传病,如果女儿患病,父亲一定患病,故D可以排除。 6.(2017·江苏卷.6)下列关于人类遗传病的叙述,正确的是 A.遗传病是指基因结构改变而引发的疾病 B.具有先天性和家族性特点的疾病都是遗传病 C.杂合子筛查对预防各类遗传病具有重要意义 D.遗传病再发风险率估算需要确定遗传病类型 【答案】D 【解析】遗传病是指遗传物质改变引起的疾病,可能是基因结构改变引起的,也可能是由染色体常引起 的,Δ错误;具有先天性和家族性特点的疾病不一定都是遗传病,可能是环境污染引起的疾病,B错误;杂 合子筛查用于检测基因异常引起的遗传病,而染色体遗传病属于染色体异常引起的遗传病,不能用杂合子 筛查法筛选,C错误;不同遗传病类型的再发风险率不同,所以遗传病再发风险率估算需要确定遗传病类型, D正确。 7.(2017·新课标Ⅱ卷.6)若某哺乳动物毛色由3对位于常染色体上的、独立分配的等位基 因决定,其中:A基因编码的酶可使黄色素转化为褐色素:B基因编码的酶可使该褐色素转 化为黑色素;D基因的表达产物能完全抑制A基因的表达;相应的隐性等位基因a、b、d的 表达产物没有上述功能。若用两个纯合黄色品种的动物作为亲本进行杂交,F均为黄色,F2
5．（2017•海南卷.22）甲、乙、丙、丁 4 个系谱图依次反映了 a、b、c、d 四种遗传病的发 病情况，若不考虑基因突变和染色体变异，那么，根据系谱图判断，可排除由 X 染色体上隐 性基因决定的遗传病是 A．a B．b C．c D．d 【答案】D 【解析】X 染色体上隐性基因决定的遗传病，如果女儿患病，父亲一定患病，故 D 可以排除。 6．（2017•江苏卷.6）下列关于人类遗传病的叙述，正确的是 A．遗传病是指基因结构改变而引发的疾病 B．具有先天性和家族性特点的疾病都是遗传病 C．杂合子筛查对预防各类遗传病具有重要意义 D．遗传病再发风险率估算需要确定遗传病类型 【答案】D 7．（2017•新课标Ⅱ卷.6）若某哺乳动物毛色由 3 对位于常染色体上的、独立分配的等位基 因决定，其中：A 基因编码的酶可使黄色素转化为褐色素；B 基因编码的酶可使该褐色素转 化为黑色素；D 基因的表达产物能完全抑制 A 基因的表达；相应的隐性等位基因 a、b、d 的 表达产物没有上述功能。若用两个纯合黄色品种的动物作为亲本进行杂交，F1 均为黄色，F2