试卷代号：1066 中央广播电视大学2010一2011学年度第一学期“开放本科”期末考试 语言与应用语言学试题 2011年1月 注意事项 一、将你的学号、姓名及分校（工作站）名称填写在答题纸的规定栏 内。考试结束后，把试卷和答题纸放在桌上。试卷和答题纸均不得带 出考场。 二、仔细阅读题目的说明，并按题目要求答题。答案一定要写在答 题纸指定的位置上，写在试卷上的答案无效。 三、用蓝、黑圆珠笔或钢笔答题，使用铅笔答题无效。 You have 90 minutes to finish this exam. The exam consists of 3 sections: Section 1 Checking content awareness of the course I:Multiple Choice Questions(10 items,20 points,2 points for each item) I:Gap-filling(10 items,20 points,2 for each item) Section 2 Checking understanding of some general principles of language and linguistics I:True or False Questions(10 items,20 points,2 points for each item) IV:Matching(10 items,20 points,2 points for each item) Section 3 Checking analytic application(1 item,20 points) V:One analytic question about some linguistic phenomena This is a closed exam.You are not allowed to consult any reference books or with other examinees. 493
试卷代号 中央广播电视大学 2011 学年度第 放本 末考 语言与应用语言学试题 2011 年1 事项 一、将你的学号、姓名及分校(工作站)名称填写在答题纸的规定栏 内。考试结束后，把试卷和答题纸放在桌上。试卷和答题纸均不得带 出考场。 二、仔细阅读题目的说明，并按题目要求答题。答案一定要写在答 题纸指定的位置上，写在试卷上的答案无效。 三、用蓝、黑圆珠笔或钢笔答题，使用铅笔答题无效。 • You have 90 minutes to finish this exam. • The exam consists of 3 sections: Section 1 Checking content awareness of the course I : Multiple Choice Questions(10 items, 20 points, 2 points for each item) II : Gap-filling( 10 items, 20 points , 2 for each item) Section 2 Checking understanding of some general principles of language and linguistics III: True or False Questions (10 items, 20 points , 2 points for each item) N : Matching( 10 items, 20 points, 2 points for each item) Section 3 Checking analytic application(l item , 20 points) V :One analytic question about some linguistic phenomena • This is a closed exam. You are not allowed to consult any reference books or with other examinees. 493
Section 1 Checking content awareness of the course I.Items 1-10.Choose the best answer to complete each statement.Use your knowledge of the course to help you.Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.(20 points,2 points for each item.) 1.In Unit 1 of the course book,traditional and popular views of language are discussed. Traditionally people believe that words have A.power B.conceptual meaning C.magic D.affective meaning 2.In producing the sound /k//g/the part of the tongue is used. A.tip B.front C.blade D.back 3.In the process of abstracting,sometimes we need to classify an animal into a certain class meanwhile ignoring some differences.We call this step as A.Bracketing B.achieving abstraction C.capturing immediate experience D.further abstracting 4.A functional analysis of language studies A.what sort of things language helps us to do B.how language helps to define national identities C.how we organize our experience through language D.how we manage interpersonal relationships through language 5.In the following diagram,what does A stand for? /ohe/ A.the abstract form of the word“car” B.the meaning of the word“car” C.a realization of the word“car” D.the referent of the word“car” 494
• A. power C. magic 2. In producing the sound /k// g/ the A. tip C. blade B. conceptual meaning D. affective meaning part of the tongue is used. B. front D. back 3. In the process of abstracting , sometimes we need to classify an animal into a certain class meanwhile ignoring some differences. We call this step as A. Bracketing B. achieving abstraction C. capturing immediate experience • D. further abstracting 4. A functional analysis of language studies A. what sort of things language helps us to do B. how language helps to define national identities C. how we organize our experience through language D. how we manage interpersonal relationships through language 5. In the following diagram , what does A stand for? ,- •:- •• Jt;7jy A. the abstract form of the word "car" B. the meaning of the word "car" C. a realization of the word "car" D. the referent of the word" car" 494
6.Akbar the Great's experiment and Genie's story support the importance of in language acquisition. A.language exposure B.cognitive capacity C.parameter setting D.the innate factor 7.Speech Act theory was firstly put forward by A.J.L.Austin B.Leech C.Noam Chomsky. D.Clark &Clark 8.In face-to-face communication our behavior is affected by our partner's and our partner's behavior is also affected by ours.This is called A.the Principle of Mutuality B.the Principle of Reciprocity C.the mutual vulnerability of face D.the maxim of agreement 9.In unit 7 of the course book,the author used the talk in a TV program-Toshiba Animal World to show A.the opening,keeping going and closing stages of a talk B.verbal information and non-verbal information conveyed in a talk C.the complexity of non-verbal communication D.the complexity of hearer 10.According to the course our brain is divided into two hemispheres.Language functions are mainly located in the A.left hemisphere B.lower hemisphere C.right hemisphere D.upper hemisphere II.Items 11-20.Choose those words or phrases that best complete the following sentences. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Note that there are more words or phrases than necessary.(Box A is for items 11-15,and Box B for items 16-20.)(20 points,2 points for each item. Box A Box B A.Phonological writing F.Sufficient condition B.Parameters G.Speech act theory C.Stereotypes H.Necessary condition D.Their settings I.Challenge E.Orient J.Hedge 495
6. Akbar the Great' s experiment and Genie' s story support the importance of in language acquisition. para口leter settmg A. language exposure C. B. cognitive capacity D. the innate factor • • 7. Speech Act theory was firstly put forward by A. J. L. Austin B. Leech C. Noam Chomsky - D. Clark &. Clark 8. In face-to-face communication our behavior is affected by our partner' s and our partner' s behavior is also affected by ours. This is called A. the Principle of Mutuality C. the mutual vulnerability of face B. the Principle of Reciprocity D. th巳maxim of agreement • • 9. In unit 7 of the course book. the author used the talk in a TV program-Toshiba Animal World to show A. the opening. keeping going and closing stages of a talk B. verbal information and non-verbal information conveyed in a talk C. the complexity of non-verbal communication D. the complexity of hearer 10. According to the course OUT brain is divided into two hemispheres. Language functions are mainly located in the A. left hemisphere B. lower hemisphere C. right hemisphere D. upper hemisphere II. Items 11 一20. Choose those WOI phrases that best complete the following sentences. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. Note that there are more words or phrases than necessary. (Box A is for items II-IS. and Box B for items 16-20.) (20 points. 2 points for each item. ) Box A Box B A. Phonological writing F. Sufficient condition B. Parameters G. Speech act theory C. Stereotypes H. Necessary condition D. Their settings I. Challenge E. Orient J. 巳dge 495
A.According to Chomsky's theory,the exposure to a special language makes children born with knowledge of the 11 and12 switch to that language. B.13 is based on the sound system of language. C.Because of the nature of Western society,a person's occupation provides clues which people will use to 14 themselves towards others.Knowing a person's occupation also allows people to rely on 15 that make,for many people,a comfortable basis for continuing the conversation. D.A special theory called 16 accounts for the things we do with language. E.Genie's case tells people that she had the 17,but no 18 for language acquisition. F.If a person is unsure of how to respond to someone they may use a 19.This act is likely to make the person less likely to be open to 20 by another person. Section 2 Checking understanding of some general principles of language and linguistics I.Items 21 -30.Decide if the following items are TRUE or FALSE according to what you' ve learned from the course book.(10 items,20 points,2 points for each item) 21.The alteration of frequency produces a perceptual effect that we call pitch or loudness..When we say嗓子尖or嗓门大，the effect of尖or大is due to the alteration of frequency. 22.The grammatical "aspect"of verbs puts an action in the past,present or future. 23.The larynx is the upper part of the throat. 24.The lips are a part of the vocal tract. 25.The main methods how we analyze language and linguistics in our textbook are acoustic analysis of speech,perceptual analysis of speech and organic analysis of speech. 26.The so-called common language,i.e.Putonghua,is in essence a dialect that is given a privileged status owing to social and political consideration. 27.Tyranny in interpersonal language patterns is something people should avoid when trying to develop bilingually. 28.Most languages use the air flowing inwards. 29.Naming is an example of a function performed by language. 30.Neighbouring words in sequence have a paradigmatic relationship. 496
A. According to Chomsky' s theory , the exposure to a special language makes children born with knowledge of the 11 and 12switch to that language. B. 13 is based on the sound system of language. C. Because of the nature of Western society , a person's occupation provides clues which people will use to 14 themselves towards others. Knowing a person' s occupation also allows people to rely on 15 that make , for many people , a comfortable basis for continuing the conversation. D. A special theory called 16 accounts for the things we do with language. E. Genie' s case tells people that she had the 17 , but no 18 for language acquisition. F. If a person is unsure of how to respond to someone they may use a 19 . This act is likely to make the person less likely to be open to 20 by another person. Section 2 Checking understanding of some general principles of language and linguistics 田. Items 21 - 30. Decide if the following items are TRUE or FALSE according to what you' ve learned from the course book. (10 items, 20 points, 2 points for each item) 21. The alteration of frequency produces a perceptual effect that we call pitch or loudness. When we say 嗓 子 尖or the effect of 尖or 大is due to the alteration of frequency. 22. The grammatical"aspect" of verbs puts an action in the past , present or future. 23. The larynx is the upper part of the throat. 24. The lips are a part of the vocal tract. 25. The main methods how we analyze language and linguistics in our textbook are acoustic analysis of speech , perceptual analysis of speech and organic analysis of speech. 26. The so-called common language , i. e. Putonghua , is in essence a dialect that is given a privileged status owing to social and political consideration. 27. Tyranny in interpersonal language patterns is something people should avoid when trying to develop bilingually. 28. Most languages use the air flowing inwards. 29. Naming is an example of a function performed by language. 30. Neighbouring words in sequence have a paradigmatic relationship. 496
IV.Items 31-40.Read the questions in Column A and choose the right one from Column B to answer each of them.Write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.There is ONLY one answer for each question.(10 items,20 points,2 points for each item) Column A Column B 3l.CA]“You must come and have dinner with us..” A.Skipant(s) [B]“Sorry,I've got something to do.” B.The illocutionary In the above exchange;What maxim of English politeness act does the speaker observe or violate? C.Schema 32."Coo...coo...could...you...you...p...pl...please t...ell D.Interpersonal me th...the...way t...to the s...su...supermarket?" language pattern What type of programme might be able to correct this E. The generosity person's language problem? maxim 33.“‘You chicken'he cried,looking at Tom with contempt..” F.Speech therapy What do we need to know about "chicken"to understand the G.Speaker meaning of the sentence? H.paradigmatic 34.“My next appointment is waiting.” I.Hedges By saying in this way,which one of the safe ways does the J.Affective meaning speaker follow to close the conversation? 35."Almost everyone is likely to make a mistake here." What is the linguistic term that describes how"almost"and “likely”are being used in this context？ 36.(A foreign student was in London for the first time trying to buy tickets for a West End show when the following short conversation occurred: -"Do you mind!Please get in line like the rest of us." -“Why do I need to?” The student did not know he had to queue for tickets.He did not have any prior knowledge.Linguistically,what is this sort of knowledge called? 37.“How much are those apples?” What speech act is the speaker performing? 38.“I'm sorry.It won't happen again..” From which perspective is the apology made? 39.“Oh,that's all right,,”he said“我说的是一个complete sentence嘿！” What is the appropriate linguistic term for this? 40.“He regretted studying linguistics.” What fundamental relation would the words "mathematics", “history”and“law”share with“linguistics”in the above sentence? 497
N .ltems 31-40. Read the questions in Column A and choose the right one from Column B to answer each of them. Write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. There is ONLY one answer for each question. (10 items, 20 points, 2 points for each item) ColumnA 31. [A] "You must come and have dinner with us. " [B] "Sorry, I've got something to do. " In the above exchange; What maxim of English ρoliteness does the speaker observe or violate? 32. "Coo. . . coo. . . could. . . you. . . you. . . p. . . pi. . . please t... ell me tho . . the. . . way t. . . to the s. . . suo . . supermarket?" What type of ρrogramme might be able to correct this person's language problem? 33. "‘ You chicken' he cried , looking at Tom with contempt. " What do we need to know about "chicken" to understand the meaning of the sentence? 34. "My next appointment is waiting. " By saying in this way , which one of the safe ways does the speaker follow to close the conversation? 35. "Almost everyone is likely to make a mistake here. " What is the linguistic term that describes how" almost" and "lihely""re being used in thiscontezt? 36. (A foreign student was in London for the first time trying to buy tickets for a West End show when the following short conversation occurred:) you mind! Please get in line like the rest of us. " do I need to?" The student did not know he had to queue 卢r tickets. He did not have any o r knowledge. Linguistically , what is this sort of knowledge called? 37. "How much are those apples?" What speech act is the ρeaker per.乒Irming? 38. "I'm sorry. It won't happen again." From which persρective is the ρology made? 39. "Oh, that' s all right ," he said "我说的是一个 sentence What is the appropriate linguistic term for this? 40. "He regretted studying linguistics. " What fundamental relation would the words "mathematics" , "history"and"law"share with "linguistics "in thr about sentence? Column B A. Skipant(s) B. The illocutionary act C. Schema D. Interpersonal language pattern E. The generosity F. Speech therapy G. Speaker H. paradigmatic I. Hedges J. Affective meaning 497
Section 3 Checking understanding of some specific aspects of language and linguistics V:Item 41.Provide brief analysis to the questions below,using the linguistic knowledge you have learned in the course.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points) In Unit 3,there is a paragraph as follows: ".when we say that in Chinese chess there are five "soldiers",we must realize that they are abstract soldiers which can be materialized in any solid substance.The abstract “soldiers”are made“soldiers”because there are rules dictating the way they are used in the game. You may argue that we cannot say that the materials of which Chinese chess is made are not significant.For instance,wood chess pieces can be less expensive than stone ones.Or magnetic chess pieces can be hung on the wall so that an audience can watch players play. Your reasoning is sound,but is irrelevant to the point we talk about.Our question is what makes a "soldier"a soldier in Chinese chess.Your objection is about the differences in chess material..” Discuss the ways in which words are like the chess pieces. 498
Section 3 Checking understanding of some specific aspects of language and linguistics V : Item 41. Provide brief analysis to the questions below , using the linguistic knowledge you have learned in the course. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points) In Unit 3 , there is a paragraph as follows: ". .. when we say that in Chinese chess there are five" soldiers" , we must realize that they are abstract soldiers which can be materialized in any solid substance. The abstract "soldiers" are made" soldiers" because there are rules dictating the way they are used in the game. • • • You may argue that we cannot say that the materials of which Chinese chess is made are not significant. For instance , wood chess pieces can be less expensive than stone ones. Or magnetic chess pieces can be hung on the wall so that an audience can watch players play. Your reasoning is sound , but is irrelevant to the point we talk about. Our question is what makes a "soldier" a soldier in Chinese chess. Your objection is about the differences in chess rnaterial. " Discuss the ways in which words are like the chess pieces. 498
试卷代号：1066 座位号■■ 中央广播电视大学2010一2011学年度第一学期“开放本科”期末考试 语言与应用语言学 试题答题纸 2011年1月 题 % I Ⅱ Ⅲ W V 总 分 得 分 得分 评卷人 I.(10 items,20 points,2 points for each item) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 得 分 评卷人 II.(10 items,20 points,2 points for each item) 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 得 分 评卷人 III.(10 items,20 points,2 points for each item) 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 得 分 评卷人 IV.(10 items,20 points,2 points for each item) 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 499
试卷代号: 1066 座位号 中央广播电视大学 2011 末考 语言与应用语言学试题答题纸 2011 年I 题号 I H V 总分 得分 得分|评卷人 I. (10 items, 20 points, 2 points for each item) 1. 6. 2. 7. 3. 8. 4. 9. 5. 10. 得分|评卷人 II. (10 items, 20 points, 2 points for each item) 11. 16. 12. 17. 13. 18. 14. 19. 15. 20. 得分|评卷人 皿. (10 items, 20 points, 2 points for each item) 21. 26. 22. 27. 23. 28. 24. 29. 25. 30. 得分|评卷人 凹. (10 items, 20 points, 2 points for each item) 31. 36. 32. 37. 33. 38. 34. 39. 35. 40. 499
得分 评卷人 V.(1 item,20 points) 41. 500
得分|评卷入 41. 500 V. (1 item, 20 points)
试卷代号：1066 中央广播电视大学2010一2011学年度第一学期“开放本科”期末考试 语言与应用语言学 试题答案及评分标准 (供参考) 2011年1月 I.(10 items,20 points,2 point for each item) 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.A 6.A 7.A 8.A 9.D 10.A II.(10 items,20 points,2 points for each item) 11.B 12.D 13.A 14.E 15.C 16.G 17.H 18.F 19.J 20.I III.(10 items,20 points,2 point for each item) 21.T 22.F 23.F 24.T 25.F 26.T 27.T 28.F 29.T 30.F IV.(10 items,20 points,2 points for each item) 31.E 32.F 33.J 34.D 35.I 36.C 37.B 38.G 39.A 40.H V.(20 points) ()41.In Unit 3,there is a paragraph as follows: "..when we say that in Chinese chess there are five "soldiers",we must realize that they are abstract soldiers which can be materialized in any solid substance.The abstract “soldiers'”are made“soldiers'”because there are rules dictating the way they are used in the game. You may argue that we cannot say that the materials of which Chinese chess is made are not significant.For instance,wood chess pieces can be less expensive than stone ones.Or 501
试卷代号 6 6 , 中央广播电视大学 2011 年 度 第 学期 语言与应用语言'坠 试题答案及评分标准 (供参考) 2011 年1 I. (10 items. 20 points. 2 point for each item) 1. C 6. A 2. D 7. A 3. B 8. A 4. A 9. D 5. A 10. A II. (10 items. 20 points, 2 points for each item) 11. B 16. G 12. D 17. H 13. A 18. F 14. E 19. J 15. C 20. I 皿. (10 ite,"s. 20 points, 2 point for each item) 21. T 26. T 22. F 27. T 23. F 28. F 24. T 29. T 25. F 30. F N. (10 items. 20 points, 2 points for each item) 31. E 36. C V. (20 points) 32. F 37. B 33. J 38. G 34. D 39. A 35. I 40. H (问题 1. In Unit 3. there is a paragraph as follows: ". .. when we say that in Chinese chess there are five" soldiers". we must realize that they are abstract soldiers which can be materialized in any solid substance. The abstract "soldiers" are made" soldiers" because there are rules dictating the way they are used in the game. • • • You may argue that we cannot say that the materials of which Chinese chess is made are not significant. For instance. wood chess pieces can be less expensive than stone ones. Or 501
magnetic chess pieces can be hung on the wall so that an audience can watch players play. Your reasoning is sound,but is irrelevant to the point we talk about.Our question is what makes a "soldier"a soldier in Chinese chess.Your objection is about the differences in chess material..” Discuss the ways in which words are like the chess pieces. ()41.The discussion should includes the following points: (1)words are also abstract; (2)they can be materialized in a cluster of sounds,or strokes,or letters; (3)words become words,not because they are made of these materials,but because they are used together with other words in communication;the physical sounds or strokes can be important to some people,e.g.calligraphers,but calligraphy has little to do with linguistics.) 502
magnetic chess pieces can be hung on the wall so that an audience can watch playenLplay. Your reasoning is sound , but is irrelevant to the point we talk about. Our question is what makes a "soldier" a soldier in Chinese chess. Your objection is about the differences in chess material." Discuss the ways in which words are like the chess pieces. (答案 1. The discussion should includes the following points: (1) words are also abstract; (2hhey can be materialized in a cluster of sounds, or strokes, or letters; (3)words become words, not because they are made of these materials, but because they are used together with other words in communication; the physical sounds or strokes can be important to some people , e. g. calligraphers, but calligraphy has little to do with linguistics. ) 502