Unit3 The Government of the United Kingdom(英国的政府) 一、本单元重点内容 L.Divine right of kings(君权钟授) 2.The civil war(内战) 3.Magna Carta(大宪章) 4.The Great Council(大i议会) 5.The Bill of Rights of16s9(1689年通过的权利法案) 6.The Cahinet(内阁) 7.The Prime Minister(首相) &.The Constitution(先法) 9.The power and the functions of the Parliament(议会的权利和职能) 10.The roles of the moearch(君主的角色) 1l.The House of Lor山（上i议院） I2.The House of Commons(下议院) 二、本单元重、难点辅导 L.The old Monarchy(君主政体ruked by the King) 1).the oldest institution of government 2.King Egbert(埃格伯特国王) The ancestor of the present Queen Elizabeth II.United England under his rule in 829. 3h.divine right of kings(者权神授 The ancient doctrine held that the sovereign derived his authority from God,not from his subjects This was used by the kings as an excuse for asbusing power.And the dispute over the power of the king and the parliament led to the civil war. 4).the Civil war It was caused by a dispute over the power of the king against Parliament in the 17C.The Republican "roundheads",led by Oliver Cromwell,wanted to abolish the monarchy and to reassert the rights of Parliament.In 1642,the royalists were defeated and King Charles I was executed in 1649. 5).lag■Carta A medieval Latin name meaning "Great Charter".In 1215.King John was forced by a group of feudal barons and the Church to grant them a charter of liberty and political rights.Magna Carta placed some limits on the king's ability to abuse his royal power.This is still regarded as Britain's key expression of the righes of citizens agninst the Crown 1
1 Unit 3 The Government of the United Kingdom (英国的政府) 一、本单元重点内容 1. Divine right of kings (君权神授) 2. The civil war (内战) 3. Magna Carta (大宪章) 4. The Great Council (大议会) 5. The Bill of Rights of 1689 (1689 年通过的权利法案) 6. The Cabinet (内阁) 7. The Prime Minister (首相) 8. The Constitution (宪法) 9. The power and the functions of the Parliament (议会的权利和职能) 10. The roles of the monarch (君主的角色) 11. The House of Lords (上议院) 12. The House of Commons (下议院) 二、本单元重、难点辅导 1. The old Monarchy (君主政体) (ruled by the King) 1). the oldest institution of government 2). King Egbert (埃格伯特国王) The ancestor of the present Queen Elizabeth II. United England under his rule in 829. 3). divine right of kings (君权神授) The ancient doctrine held that the sovereign derived his authority from God, not from his subjects. This was used by the kings as an excuse for abusing power. And the dispute over the power of the king and the parliament led to the civil war. 4). the Civil war It was caused by a dispute over the power of the king against Parliament in the 17th C. The Republican “roundheads”, led by Oliver Cromwell, wanted to abolish the monarchy and to reassert the rights of Parliament. In 1642, the royalists were defeated and King Charles I was executed in 1649. 5). Magna Carta A medieval Latin name meaning ”Great Charter”. In 1215, King John was forced by a group of feudal barons and the Church to grant them a charter of liberty and political rights. Magna Carta placed some limits on the king’s ability to abuse his royal power. This is still regarded as Britain’s key expression of the rights of citizens against the Crown
2.The Parliament and the government 1h.the Great Council大议会) In medieval times,this referred to a group of leading.wealthy brons who were summoned by the king several times a year to give the king some extra money.By the 13 C..representatives of counties. towns and cities were also included in order to raise more money.This was the beginning of what we know s Parliamer loday. Two houses the House of Lords and the House of Commons In 1407,Henry IV,decreed that all money grants should be considered and approved by the Commons 2.William of Orange and the Bill of Ri坦hts of16s9(权利法案 In 1688.King James II's daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange were imvited by the politicians and church authorities to take the throne,on condition that they would respect the rights of Parliament.Afer this Glorious Revolution.the Bill of Rights was passed in 1689 to ensure that the King would never be able to ignore Parliament. 3).the Cabinet A group of important Parliamentarians met with regularly by the king or queen to ensure good relations between Crown and Parliament. 4).the Prime Minister King George I was"imported"from Gemmany in 1714 and was not interested in politics,so he left the ob of chairing sabinst mestings to one of his cabinet ministers.called the prime minister.Later in 1832. elections replaced appointment.The party with the most supporters in the Commons forms the government and the leader of that party becomes Prime Minister. 5).the government today a parliamentary democracy and a cone过titutioral moearchy(代议民主制和君主立宪钠 .--Australia,Canada.New Zealand and India hanve the same government.All but India recognize the Queen as their head of'state,and have the Governor-General()as a representative of the Crown. 6.bep0 wer and f往netions of Parlia管t fimcnous 1）passes laws 2)provides the meares of carrying on the work of government hy voting for taation 3)scrutinize government policy,administration and expenditure and to debale the major issues of the dany. (Parliament is supreme in the British State because) 1)It alone has the power to change the terms of The Constitution 2)There are no legal restraints upon Parliament.It can make or change lavs,change or overturn established conventions or even prolong its own life without consulting the electorate.(修政或推已成定 2
2 2. The Parliament and the government 1). the Great Council(大议会) In medieval times, this referred to a group of leading, wealthy barons who were summoned by the king several times a year to give the king some extra money. By the 13th C., representatives of counties, towns and cities were also included in order to raise more money. This was the beginning of what we know as Parliament today. Two houses: the House of Lords and the House of Commons In 1407, Henry IV, decreed that all money grants should be considered and approved by the Commons 2). William of Orange and the Bill of Rights of 1689 (权利法案) In 1688, King James II’s daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange were invited by the politicians and church authorities to take the throne, on condition that they would respect the rights of Parliament. After this Glorious Revolution, the Bill of Rights was passed in 1689 to ensure that the King would never be able to ignore Parliament. 3). the Cabinet A group of important Parliamentarians met with regularly by the king or queen to ensure good relations between Crown and Parliament. 4). the Prime Minister King George I was “imported” from Germany in 1714 and was not interested in politics, so he left the job of chairing cabinet meetings to one of his cabinet ministers, called the prime minister. Later in 1832, elections replaced appointment. The party with the most supporters in the Commons forms the government and the leader of that party becomes Prime Minister. 5). the government today --- a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy(代议民主制和君主立宪制) --- Australia, Canada, New Zealand and India have the same government. All but India recognize the Queen as their head of state, and have the Governor-General(总督) as a representative of the Crown. 6). the power and functions of Parliament functions: 1) passes laws 2) provides the means of carrying on the work of government by voting for taxation 3) scrutinize government policy, administration and expenditure and to debate the major issues of the day. power (Parliament is supreme in the British State because:) 1) It alone has the power to change the terms of The Constitution. 2) There are no legal restraints upon Parliament. It can make or change laws, change or overturn established conventions or even prolong its own life without consulting the electorate.(修改或推翻已成定
规的习领法甚至可以不用狂得透民同意而推迟这举日期) 7).three institutions -the Qucen,the House of Lords and the House of Commons 3.Constitution Britain,Eke Israel.has no written Corestitution.The fourdations of the British State are laid out in atute la感之法hich are laws passed by Parliament:the common laws通法划法which are laws established through common practice in the courts,and gomventioed which are rules and practices not existing legally,but regarded as vital to the workings of gowernment. 4.the Monarehy today ---the roles of it 1)symbolize the tradition and unity of the British State 2)ly head o时heie(行政☒ )an integral part of the legisature这法机关 4)ad of the judis超可法图 5)commander in chief of the armed forces 6)"supreme governor"of the Church of England ...most Britons felt the Queen's important johs were: 1)represent Britain at home and abroad 2)set standards of good citizenship and family life 3)a confidantel知己的女友to the Prime Minist,offering valuable observations on the running of government 5 the House of Lords It consists of the Lords Spiritysl上i议院的神职议员，.who are the Archbishops and m0 st prominent bishops of the Church of England..d the lord水Tmpora(上议院的世俗i议员，.which refers to tho loeds who either have inherited the seat from their forefathers(called hereditary peers)or they have been ointe迪y'the sovereign,at the suggestion of the Prime Minister and were called life peers终身贵族 The lords mainly represent themselves instead of the interests of the public 6.the House of Commons It is the real center of British political life which consists of about 650 Members of Parliament (MPs) clected by the people to represent them These MPs are elected in the General Elections and should make and dehate policy in the imerests of the people who vote for them. Most MPs belong to political parties---Labour,the Conservatives the Liberal Democrats 3
3 规的习惯法,甚至可以不用征得选民同意而推迟选举日期) 7). three institutions --- the Queen, the House of Lords and the House of Commons 3. Constitution Britain, like Israel, has no written Constitution. The foundations of the British State are laid out in statute law(成文法), which are laws passed by Parliament; the common laws(普通法,判例法), which are laws established through common practice in the courts; and conventions(习惯法), which are rules and practices not existing legally, but regarded as vital to the workings of government. 4. the Monarchy today ---the roles of it 1) symbolize the tradition and unity of the British State 2) legally head of the executive, (行政部) 3) an integral part of the legislature(立法机关) 4) head of the judiciary(司法部) 5) commander in chief of the armed forces 6) “supreme governor” of the Church of England --- most Britons felt the Queen’s important jobs were: 1) represent Britain at home and abroad 2) set standards of good citizenship and family life 3) a confidante(知己的女友) to the Prime Minister, offering valuable observations on the running of government 5 the House of Lords It consists of the Lords Spiritual(上议院的神职议员), who are the Archbishops and most prominent bishops of the Church of England; and the Lords Temporal(上议院的世俗议员), which refers to those lords who either have inherited the seat from their forefathers(called hereditary peers) or they have been appointed(by the sovereign, at the suggestion of the Prime Minister and were called life peers(终身贵族). The lords mainly represent themselves instead of the interests of the public 6. the House of Commons It is the real center of British political life which consists of about 650 Members of Parliament (MPs) elected by the people to represent them. These MPs are elected in the General Elections and should make and debate policy in the interests of the people who vote for them. * Most MPs belong to political parties--- Labour, the Conservatives the Liberal Democrats