The United States ofAmerica Unit 3 American Beginnings(美国的起源) 一、本单元重点内容 L.discovery ofAmerica(美洲的发现) 2 Puritanism(情教主义) 3.the Pilgrim Fathers(清教父) 4.the influence of Puritanism on American culture(清教主义对美国文化的影响 5.causes and major leaders of the American Revolution(“美国革金”的起因和主要领柏) 6.The Declaration of Independence(《牲立直言)) 二、本单元重、难点辅导 L.the discovery of America美洲的发彩) two immigration movements to the Americas ---from Asia(American fudlans who were mistakenly called by Columbus,moved to the Americas from Asia about 25 000 years ago They developed ther own abonginal cultures and some of them uc由s the Aztecs同整台克文化/暴西哥地区)，the Incas(印如文化/移鲁地区)and the M马重文化/中美洲)were very adanced when Europcans arrived in the New World But as a result of European conquest,the Indian population was quickly reduced and their cultures were ruthlessly destroyed. --from Europeand Africa began with the expansion of Europe from the 16 century. -Christopher Columbus an Italian sailor,believed that by sailing west from Europe he could reach the East.In 1492 he persuaded the Spanish monarchy to support his voyage.He landed on one of the Bahama Islands巴暗马群岛)in the Caribbean Sea and thus"discovered”hNe Workd,Based on his voyage,the Spanish king claimed the territory of the Americas and later conquered the native Americans and established a huge empire.)*The English king claimed the territory of Norh America based on the voyage in the year of 1497 ofanother Italian sailor John Caho网约箱卡怕特) 2.Puritanism(清教主义) Puritans were those who followed the doctrine of John Calvin and wanted to purify the Church of England.They believed that human beings were pred女ined by God before they were born(他Y们深信人的 金运是生前就由上帝注定的。★这是清教主义的命运天定说).Some were God's chosen people while others were damned to(一些人是上帝的选民，而另一些人则注定下地).No church nor good works could save people.The sign of being God's elect was the success in his work or the prosperity in his 回alling(一个人工作上的成功或事业上的兴旺是上帝选民的标志)They also argued that everyone mus以 1
The United States of America 1 Unit 3 American Beginnings (美国的起源) 一、本单元重点内容 1. discovery of America (美洲的发现) 2. Puritanism (清教主义) 3. the Pilgrim Fathers (清教父) 4. the influence of Puritanism on American culture (清教主义对美国文化的影响) 5. causes and major leaders of the American Revolution (“美国革命”的起因和主要领袖) 6. The Declaration of Independence (《独立宣言》) 二、本单元重、难点辅导 1. the discovery of America (美洲的发现) two immigration movements to the Americas ---from Asia (American Indians, who were mistakenly called by Columbus, moved to the Americas from Asia about 25 000 years ago. They developed their own aboriginal cultures and some of them such as the Aztecs(阿兹台克文化/墨西哥地区), the Incas（印加文化/秘鲁地区） and the Mayas(玛亚文化/中美洲) were very advanced when Europeans arrived in the New World. But, as a result of European conquest, the Indian population was quickly reduced and their cultures were ruthlessly destroyed. ---from Europe and Africa, began with the expansion of Europe from the 16th century. ---Christopher Columbus, an Italian sailor, believed that by sailing west from Europe he could reach the East. In 1492, he persuaded the Spanish monarchy to support his voyage. He landed on one of the Bahama Islands(巴哈马群岛) in the Caribbean Sea and thus “discovered ” the New World. Based on his voyage, the Spanish king claimed the territory of the Americas and later conquered the native Americans and established a huge empire.) * The English king claimed the territory of North America based on the voyage in the year of 1497 of another Italian sailor John Cabot(约翰·卡伯特) 2. Puritanism (清教主义) Puritans were those who followed the doctrine of John Calvin and wanted to purify the Church of England. They believed that human beings were predestined by God before they were born(他们深信人的 命运是生前就由上帝注定的。＊这是清教主义的命运天定说). Some were God’s chosen people while others were damned to hell(一些人是上帝的选民，而另一些人则注定下地狱). No church nor good works could save people. The sign of being God’s elect was the success in his work or the prosperity in his calling. (一个人工作上的成功或事业上的兴旺是上帝选民的标志) They also argued that everyone must
The United States of America read the Bible in order to find God's will and establish a direct contact with God(他们i还说人人都要读x 圣经，从中探索上帝的意志，与上帝建立直接的眼系)These belie5 had great impact on American culture. 3.the Pilgrim Fathers(清数移民先驱) Puritans in England were persecuted for their religious beliefs and some of them fled to Holland.In Holland,they found it hard to live in a foreign land,so they decided to move North America so that they could worship as they pleased.Supported by some merchants in London.they went on board the Mayflower in 1620.Before they landed on today's New England,they signed the Mayflower Compact 月花公钓)for the future civil govermment of their colony.These carly Puritans in New England were called the Pilgrim Fathers. 4,the influence of Puritanism on American culture清教主文对美国文化的影响) Puritans have left rich cultural heritage to future Americans.The American values such as individu键ism.hard work.respect of educa减tion owe very much to the Puritan beliefs(美国的价值夏.年个 人主义，點奋工作，尊重教有等，在很大程度上源于清教主义) S.causes and major leaders of the American Revolution(“美国革命”的起因和主要领 湘 1）the causes ---The English people and Europeans in the 13 English colonies in the North America had become Americans ready to separate themselves from the Old World. .Britain's victory in the war fought between Britain and France led drectly to a conflict with ts American colonies.The British government began to gharge new taxes ("the stamp tax the tea tax. etc.)because they argued that Britain had spent large sums of money defending their American colonies and that the colonists therefore should pay a part of those expenses "No taxation without representation 代表权就不纳税)was their rallying cry(是号召北美人民团结起米一我抗英的口号) -lnlT73,theBoston Tea Party"气“装士顿茶党”)tossed British merchans'tea into Boston harbor. -The Americars disobeyed the Intolerable Act(“不可容忍法案”)passed by British Parliament and boycotted British trade. *On April 19.1775.the first shot was fired The Amerisan war orIndcperence_began.And it ended m1781 2)major leaders .-Gearge_Washington was one of the founding fathers of the American Republic.He was the Commander.in-Chief of the Comtinental Army in the War of Independence against the British colonial rule and the first President of the Unned States. --Thomas Jeffcrson_was one of the founding fathers of the American Republic.He was the chief author of the Declaration of Independence and the third President of the United States. 2
The United States of America 2 read the Bible in order to find God’s will and establish a direct contact with God. (他们还说人人都要读« 圣经»，从中探索上帝的意志，与上帝建立直接的联系).These beliefs had great impact on American culture. 3. the Pilgrim Fathers (清教移民先驱) Puritans in England were persecuted for their religious beliefs, and some of them fled to Holland. In Holland, they found it hard to live in a foreign land, so they decided to move North America so that they could worship as they pleased. Supported by some merchants in London, they went on board the Mayflower in 1620. Before they landed on today’s New England, they signed the Mayflower Compact (五 月花公约)for the future civil government of their colony. These early Puritans in New England were called the Pilgrim Fathers. 4. the influence of Puritanism on American culture (清教主义对美国文化的影响) Puritans have left rich cultural heritage to future Americans. The American values such as individualism, hard work, respect of education owe very much to the Puritan beliefs.(美国的价值观，如个 人主义，勤奋工作，尊重教育等，在很大程度上源于清教主义) 5. causes and major leaders of the American Revolution (“美国革命”的起因和主要领 袖) 1) the causes ---The English people and Europeans in the 13 English colonies in the North America had become Americans, ready to separate themselves from the Old World. ---Britain’s victory in the war fought between Britain and France led directly to a conflict with its American colonies. The British government began to charge new taxes (*the stamp tax 印花税, the tea tax, etc.)because they argued that Britain had spent large sums of money defending their American colonies and that the colonists therefore should pay a part of those expenses. “No taxation without representation”(没有 代表权就不纳税) was their rallying cry(是号召北美人民团结起来一致抗英的口号). ---In1773, the “Boston Tea Party ”(“波士顿茶党”) tossed British merchants’ tea into Boston harbor. ---The Americans disobeyed the Intolerable Act (“不可容忍法案”)passed by British Parliament and boycotted British trade. * On April 19, 1775, the first shot was fired. The American war of Independence began. And it ended in 1781. 2) major leaders ---George Washington was one of the founding fathers of the American Republic. He was the Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army in the War of Independence against the British colonial rule and the first President of the United States. ---Thomas Jefferson was one of the founding fathers of the American Republic. He was the chief author of the Declaration of Independence and the third President of the United States
The United States of America .Benjamin Franklin was one of the founding fithers of the American Republic.He participated in writing the Declaration of Independence and making the U.S.Constitution. 6.The Declaration of Independence(《独文宣言)) It was mainly drafted by Thomas Jefferson and was adopted by the Congress on July 4.1776.when the people of 13 English colonies in North America were fighting for their freedom and independence from the Brtish colonial rule The document declared that all men were oqual and that they were entitled to have some unalienable(不可夺的rights such as life,liberty and the pursuit of happiness It also explained the philosophy of goverments the powers of goverments came from the comsnt of the governed and the purpose of governments was to secure the rights mentioned above.The theory of politics and the guiding principles of the American Revolution mainly came fromn John Locke 补充： "What is an American? ln1782,the FrenchmanJ.Hector St.John de Crevecoeur林克托·圣约输：德克需夫科尔.who scttled in Pennsylvania first asked the question and answered it in his hook Letrers fi w Amencan Fawer 美国装人存，He believed that the American3 s a new man wit油the mixed blood of Europeans0W their descendants.This new man left behind him all the ancient European raditions and received new ones in the New World In North America,all individuals were meled imto a new race of the American. This new man acted upon new principles entertained new ideas and formed new opinions(新里的人核g 新的原则办事，吸取新的思塑，形成新的见解 *the forces that brought about the modern development of Europe: ---capitalism ---Renaissance -Religious Reformation (in 1517.Martin Luther,a Gemman theology professor,started to reform the Catholic Church which had dominated Europe for centuries.He challenged the authority of the Pope and attacked the practice of the sale of indulgences.He believed that people could be saved only by their faith in Jesus Christ and through a drect contact with God.The next important leader of the Reformation w3shn.Cain的骑知尔文)The Religious Reformation,which was capitalistic in nature.had great impact on the modern development of Europe and North America) *4 colonial patterns l）the settlement of Vrgini▣(thel过English permanent settlement in North America):The过 English permanent settlement was organized in I60 by the London Compa伦教貿易公可)niha charter from the English king James I.The colonists sttled in Vrginia and survived by imposing strict discipline on themselves and by transplanting tohasco into the colomy of Virginia.In 1619.the scttlers
The United States of America 3 ---Benjamin Franklin was one of the founding fathers of the American Republic. He participated in writing the Declaration of Independence and making the U.S. Constitution. 6. The Declaration of Independence (《独立宣言》) It was mainly drafted by Thomas Jefferson and was adopted by the Congress on July 4, 1776, when the people of 13 English colonies in North America were fighting for their freedom and independence from the British colonial rule. The document declared that all men were equal and that they were entitled to have some unalienable (不可剥夺的) rights such as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. It also explained the philosophy of governments: the powers of governments came from the consent of the governed and the purpose of governments was to secure the rights mentioned above. The theory of politics and the guiding principles of the American Revolution mainly came from John Locke(约翰·洛 克) 补充： *What is an American? In 1782, the Frenchman J.Hector St. John de Crevecoeur(赫克托·圣约翰·德克雷夫科尔), who settled in Pennsylvania first asked the question and answered it in his book Letters from an American Farmer(« 美国农人书简»)。He believed that the American was a new man with the mixed blood of Europeans or their descendants. This new man left behind him all the ancient European traditions and received new ones in the New World. In North America, all individuals were melted into a new race of the American. This new man acted upon new principles, entertained new ideas and formed new opinions.(新型的人按照 新的原则办事，吸取新的思想，形成新的见解) *the forces that brought about the modern development of Europe: --- capitalism ---Renaissance ---Religious Reformation (in 1517, Martin Luther, a German theology professor, started to reform the Catholic Church which had dominated Europe for centuries. He challenged the authority of the Pope and attacked the practice of the sale of indulgences. He believed that people could be saved only by their faith in Jesus Christ and through a direct contact with God. The next important leader of the Reformation was John Calvin(约翰·加尔文).The Religious Reformation, which was capitalistic in nature, had great impact on the modern development of Europe and North America.) *4 colonial patterns 1) the settlement of Virginia (the 1st English permanent settlement in North America): The 1st English permanent settlement was organized in 1607 by the London Company(伦敦贸易公司) with a charter（特许状）from the English king James I. The colonists settled in Virginia and survived by imposing strict discipline on themselves and by transplanting tobacco into the colony of Virginia. In 1619, the settlers
The United States ofAmerica clected their delegates and set up the House of Burgesses (and the same time these white people seeking their own freedom bought and enslaved (hlack servants These two events gremtly influenced the political and social development of the United States later. 2)Puritanism the 2nd enduring Enplish settlement was established in Masschusetts Bay in 1620 by English卫uita些 3)Lord Baltimore and his feudal plan:the dcolonial pattern in North America was the pattern in the colony of Maryland founded by the Catholics The founder was the second Loed Baltimore who carried out his father's will to set upa colony in North America(in tody's Maryland)in 1632 and became the owner of the colony.He wished to introducefeudal system similar to the manor system in Europe to his colony. Each gentleman who brought 5 servants with him settled in his land was allowed to establish a manor of 2000 acres But this feudal plan was doomed and the colony followed a capitalis development road.("In order to develop his colorry.he encouraged the immigration of Protestants as well as Roman Catholics.The Protestant settlers most of whom were capitalistic-minded,outnumbered the Catholics.It was impoeible to have the feudal plan execuned In 1648.he appointed a Protestant governor and the next year.the M间land Toleration Act马里兰宗教容忍法)as pamed) 4)Quakerism:the 4th colonial pattem in North America was set by William Penn(an English Quaker who wanted to establish a colony for his persecuted fellow religious believers He assured religious freedom and easy terms for land in Penmsylvania (1681)to those Europeans who wished to settle in his colony.In his Holy Experiment.he encouraged the spirit of liberty and equality and carried out the policy of separation of state and church.He set no restrictions on immigration and naturalization was made easy for non-English Europears All this has left rich heritage to American culture) Quskers were a group of Protetants They believed that people oould communicate with God because God's divine light was in everyone's heart.They believed in God through faith without the help of church or priest.Those religious beliefs taught them that people were born oqual,and not sinful.They worked hard and lived a simple life in order to please God. 4
The United States of America 4 elected their delegates and set up the House of Burgesses (议会), and the same time these white people seeking their own freedom bought and enslaved（奴役）black servants. These two events greatly influenced the political and social development of the United States later. 2) Puritanism: the 2nd enduring English settlement was established in Massachusetts Bay in 1620 by English puritans. 3) Lord Baltimore and his feudal plan: the 3rd colonial pattern in North America was the pattern in the colony of Maryland founded by the Catholics. The founder was the second Lord Baltimore, who carried out his father’s will to set up a colony in North America(in today’s Maryland) in 1632 and became the owner of the colony. He wished to introduce a feudal system similar to the manor system in Europe to his colony. Each gentleman who brought 5 servants with him settled in his land was allowed to establish a manor of 2000 acres. But this feudal plan was doomed and the colony followed a capitalist development road. (*In order to develop his colony, he encouraged the immigration of Protestants as well as Roman Catholics. The Protestant settlers, most of whom were capitalistic-minded, outnumbered the Catholics. It was impossible to have the feudal plan executed. In 1648, he appointed a Protestant governor and the next year, the Maryland Toleration Act(马里兰宗教容忍法) was passed.) 4) Quakerism: the 4th colonial pattern in North America was set by William Penn(an English Quaker who wanted to establish a colony for his persecuted fellow religious believers. He assured religious freedom and easy terms for land in Pennsylvania (1681) to those Europeans who wished to settle in his colony. In his Holy Experiment, he encouraged the spirit of liberty and equality and carried out the policy of separation of state and church. He set no restrictions on immigration and naturalization was made easy for non-English Europeans. All this has left rich heritage to American culture) ---Quakers were a group of Protestants. They believed that people could communicate with God because God’s divine light was in everyone’s heart. They believed in God through faith without the help of church or priest. Those religious beliefs taught them that people were born equal, and not sinful. They worked hard and lived a simple life in order to please God