Canada Unit20 The Canadian Economy(加拿大的经济) 一、本单元重点内容 L.Three factors influencing Canadian economy(影响加拿大经济的三大因素) 2.The Canada-US Free Trade Agreement(加美自由贸易协定) 3.Natural resource些nCmd由（加拿大的自然资源） 4.Agriculture in Caroda(如拿大的农业 5.Manufacturing industry in Canada(加拿大的制适业) 6.Service industry in Canada(加拿大的服务业) 二、本单元重、难点辅导 L.Three factors influenci加g Canadian economy(影响如幸大经济的三大因素) Firg of all,Canadian economy is influenced by Canada's physical geography,which is rich in natural resources(第一个因素是地理环境，加拿大白然资源丰富，but the huge size of small population of the country has made extracting(提取，提拣)and女arporting goods to markets difficult,The secon回 influence is the neighbouring the United States.which has a much more powerful cconomy and a larger market(第二个因素是其邻国美国，美国的实力要群得多，市场也更广)This means that trade has quite naturally developed north to south.across the Can-Am border(年-美边界h,rather than eas-we以， between provinces and regions The third influerce is federal government's intervention in the ecooomy (第三个因素是暖邦政府对经济的干预the federal government has constant此y intervened in the development of the country's resources and infrastructure (to try to manage it,rather than allowing market forces to play a role. 2,The Canada--US Free Trade Agreement(TA:加美白由贺哥协定) The Free Trade Agreement was negotiated between Canada and the United States when conservative leader Brian Mulroney(布莱思-马尔罗尼I984-I99)was the Prime Minister of Canada FTA came into effect onl January 1989 with a schedule of removing tariff protection on most items by 1998.The idea was that freer intermational trade is beneficial to all.For Cansda,this has been an"imperfect"and controversial agreement.One controversial aspeet was the agreement to allow free movement of agricultural products. which put Canadian farmers into direct competition with their larger.more competitive American counterparts.Another controversial issue was the provision of a gurantee that US retain access to Canadian energy supplies in case of emergency or changes in world supplies,which some critics said was a loes of Canadian sovereignty. Entering into the FTA also meant a new,reduced role in the economy for a government that has been by tradition,very interventionist.However.FTA will probably bring benefits in the long run as the world
Canada 1 Unit 20 The Canadian Economy (加拿大的经济) 一、本单元重点内容 1. Three factors influencing Canadian economy (影响加拿大经济的三大因素) 2. The Canada-US Free Trade Agreement (加美自由贸易协定) 3. Natural resources in Canada (加拿大的自然资源) 4. Agriculture in Canada (加拿大的农业) 5. Manufacturing industry in Canada (加拿大的制造业) 6. Service industry in Canada (加拿大的服务业) 二、本单元重、难点辅导 1. Three factors influencing Canadian economy (影响加拿大经济的三大因素) First of all, Canadian economy is influenced by Canada’s physical geography, which is rich in natural resources (第一个因素是地理环境，加拿大自然资源丰富); but the huge size of small population of the country has made extracting (提取, 提炼) and transporting goods to markets difficult. The second influence is the neighbouring the United States, which has a much more powerful economy and a larger market (第二个因素是其邻国美国，美国的实力要强得多，市场也更广阔). This means that trade has quite naturally developed north to south, across the Can-Am border (加-美边界), rather than east-west, between provinces and regions. The third influence is federal government’s intervention in the economy (第三个因素是联邦政府对经济的干预): the federal government has constantly intervened in the development of the country’s resources and infrastructure (基础设施) to try to manage it, rather than allowing market forces to play a role. 2. The Canada-US Free Trade Agreement (FTA：加美自由贸易协定) The Free Trade Agreement was negotiated between Canada and the United States when conservative leader Brian Mulroney (布莱恩·马尔罗尼 1984--1993) was the Prime Minister of Canada. FTA came into effect on1 January 1989 with a schedule of removing tariff protection on most items by 1998. The idea was that freer international trade is beneficial to all. For Canada, this has been an “imperfect” and controversial agreement. One controversial aspect was the agreement to allow free movement of agricultural products, which put Canadian farmers into direct competition with their larger, more competitive American counterparts. Another controversial issue was the provision of a guarantee that US retain access to Canadian energy supplies in case of emergency or changes in world supplies, which some critics said was a loss of Canadian sovereignty. *Entering into the FTA also meant a new, reduced role in the economy for a government that has been by tradition, very interventionist. However, FTA will probably bring benefits in the long run as the world
Canada becomes more economically imerdependent and more tolerant of the free trade principles envisioned ( by the GATT. Two very important aspects of Canadians were left out of the agreement because of their sensitivity to Canadians sulruralactivitiss and best 3.Natural resources in Canada加幸大的白然资源 Canada is very rich in natural resouroes.It has vast amounts of fucH-oil,gas,coal,uranium (for nuclear power,water for hydroelectricityand these are a very important source of Canadian wealth.The energy resources are mainly located in the west of Canada in the sparsely populated.harsh terrain.This gives rise to conflict between the east and the west The western resource-producing provinces resent having their wealth siphoned offto"benefit"the manufacturing easter prowinces. 4.Agriculture in Canada知t大的农业)一primary industries,including agriculture,fishing forestry.and mining 88%of the Canadian landmass is ureuitable for farming and throughout the country,soill is poor,the sowing season is short and the climate is harsh.Despite the difficulties,agriculture remains important to Canadian economy.The major agricultural region is the prairie provinces,which speciallize in wheat and cereals production,feedstock and cattle.Farms tend to be very large.However.agricultural is not an important part of Canadian economy as it used to be.It has become cheaper to import foodstuffs than to produce such items domestically. "In 1947.major oil and natural gas reserves were discovered in the western,mainly agricultural province of Alberta. 5.Manufacturing industry in Canada加章大的制造业)-secondary industries including construction,transport and communications Although Canada remains mainlyan exporter of raw resources and an importer of manufactured goods, it does have a variety of industries which produce paper.technological cquipment automobiles,food, clothing and other goods.In tems of rescarch and development of advanced technology.Canada is known for its adoption of nuclear technology for peaceful means.hydrockectricity(水力电气)production.nd telecommunications It also has an innovative aerospace industry. 6.Service industry in Canada加t大的k务业)-ertiary indusries including trade,finance services and public administration, As is the case in other industrialized countries,more Canadian (over 70 percent)work in service industries than in manufacturing The service sector of the Canadian cconomy includes things like banking. health care.construction,communications,cducation,tourism and government.Export of services is an important part of Canadian economy,though it is still not strong enough to compete with US firms *In 1990 the primary sector accounted for 10%of Canada's GDP:the secondary sector 36%of.and the tertiary sector 54% 2
Canada 2 becomes more economically interdependent and more tolerant of the free trade principles envisioned (预想) by the GATT. *Two very important aspects of Canadians were left out of the agreement because of their sensitivity to Canadians: cultural activities and beer 3. Natural resources in Canada (加拿大的自然资源) Canada is very rich in natural resources. It has vast amounts of fuel—oil, gas, coal, uranium (铀) for nuclear power, water for hydroelectricity --- and these are a very important source of Canadian wealth. The energy resources are mainly located in the west of Canada, in the sparsely populated, harsh terrain. This gives rise to conflict between the east and the west. The western resource-producing provinces resent having their wealth siphoned off to “benefit” the manufacturing eastern provinces. 4. Agriculture in Canada (加拿大的农业) ---primary industries, including agriculture, fishing, forestry, and mining 88% of the Canadian landmass is unsuitable for farming, and throughout the country, soil is poor, the sowing season is short and the climate is harsh. Despite the difficulties, agriculture remains important to Canadian economy. The major agricultural region is the prairie provinces, which specialize in wheat and cereals production, feedstock and cattle. Farms tend to be very large. However, agricultural is not an important part of Canadian economy as it used to be. It has become cheaper to import foodstuffs than to produce such items domestically. *In 1947, major oil and natural gas reserves were discovered in the western, mainly agricultural province of Alberta. 5. Manufacturing industry in Canada (加拿大的制造业) ---secondary industries, including construction, transport and communications Although Canada remains mainly an exporter of raw resources and an importer of manufactured goods, it does have a variety of industries which produce paper, technological equipment, automobiles, food, clothing and other goods. In terms of research and development of advanced technology, Canada is known for its adoption of nuclear technology for peaceful means, hydroelectricity (水力电气) production, and telecommunications. It also has an innovative aerospace industry. 6. Service industry in Canada (加拿大的服务业) ---tertiary industries, including trade, finance, services and public administration, As is the case in other industrialized countries, more Canadian (over 70 percent) work in service industries than in manufacturing. The service sector of the Canadian economy includes things like banking, health care, construction, communications, education, tourism and government. Export of services is an important part of Canadian economy, though it is still not strong enough to compete with US firms. * In 1990, the primary sector accounted for 10% of Canada’s GDP; the secondary sector 36% of; and the tertiary sector 54%
Canada 补充： *the history of ccomomic development 1.Canada's first Prime Minister,John A Macdorald (1867.1873 )launched a national economic plan to develop imtemal market and a manufacturing indu时ry(加拿大第一任总理约翰·A·麦克唐钠德 启动了一项经济计划。以开发内部市场，发展制造业) 2.lne1960sCa电and US joint山ys到gned the Auto Pacs(汽车协定)which was an agreement ensuring freer trade in cars. 3.In 1980.the Canadian government hrought in the National Energy Policy,a controversial mowe to si正control of the country's energy indstry(l980年，如拿大政府宣布了国家能源政策，控制该国的 能源工业的一个有争议的带动) 3
Canada 3 补充： *the history of economic development 1. Canada’s first Prime Minister, John A Macdonald (1867-1873 在任), launched a national economic plan to develop internal market and a manufacturing industry.(加拿大第一任总理约翰·A·麦克唐纳德 启动了一项经济计划，以开发内部市场，发展制造业) 2. In the 1960s, Canada and US jointly signed the Auto Pact, (汽车协定) which was an agreement ensuring freer trade in cars. 3. In 1980, the Canadian government brought in the National Energy Policy, a controversial move to seize control of the country’s energy industry. (1980 年，加拿大政府宣布了国家能源政策，控制该国的 能源工业的一个有争议的举动)