Canada Unit 18 The Government and Politics of Canada (加拿大的政府机构和政治体系) 一、本单元重点内容 L.Cnad的political可cm(加拿大的政治体制 ·A nation based0n'pee.0 rder and good g0 wernmer'(建立在“和平、铁序和良好管理” 基确之上的国家胸 ·Tolerance of'ditferent valuesand customs(包容各种不月的价值复和习俗) ·English-peaking Canada(如食大的英语族人)】 ·French-speakine%Cana由（加拿大的法语族人） 2.Cans山的号emaf8 vernment(加拿大的政府体制 ·The Gowernor General(总督) ·The federal government(联邦或府) ·The House of Commoe色（下议陕） ·The Senate(参议院) 3.The political parities(政党) ·The Liberal Party(自由党) ·The Progressive Conservatives(进步保守党) ·The Bloc Quebecois(魁北克集团) ·The Reform Party(改良龙) 4.Canadian Prime Ministers(如拿大的总理) ·Pierre Trudea(皮尔·特鲁多) Brian Mulroney(布莱恩·马尔罗尼) ·ean Chretien(i让克里蒂安) 二、本单元重、难点辅导 1.Canada's political)sem加幸大的政泊体制 1)Canada's political system was greatly influenced by the two major foreign forces Britain and America 2).American ideas influenced the Canadian system to some degree.For example.freedom of speech nd freedom of information are much valued in contemporary Canad由（当代加拿大非常崇尚言论自由和 信息白由).Sa Canadian society appears to be similar to American society,but they are differer.The following two slogans define the different political aspirations of the two countries While the US was founded on the idea of individualism(美国建立在个人主文的观点之上)…Americans aspire to life色 1
Canada 1 Unit 18 The Government and Politics of Canada (加拿大的政府机构和政治体系) 一、本单元重点内容 1. Canada's political system (加拿大的政治体制) ⚫ A nation based on ‘peace, order and good government’ (建立在“和平、秩序和良好管理” 基础之上的国家) ⚫ Tolerance of different values and customs (包容各种不同的价值观和习俗) ⚫ English-speaking Canada (加拿大的英语族人) ⚫ French-speaking Canada (加拿大的法语族人) 2. Canada's system of government (加拿大的政府体制) ⚫ The Governor General (总督) ⚫ The federal government (联邦政府) ⚫ The House of Commons (下议院) ⚫ The Senate (参议院) 3. The political parities (政党) ⚫ The Liberal Party (自由党) ⚫ The Progressive Conservatives (进步保守党) ⚫ The Bloc Quebecois (魁北克集团) ⚫ The Reform Party (改良党) 4. Canadian Prime Ministers (加拿大的总理) ⚫ Pierre Trudeau (皮尔·特鲁多) ⚫ Brian Mulroney (布莱恩·马尔罗尼) ⚫ Jean Chretien (让·克里蒂安) 二、本单元重、难点辅导 1. Canada’s political system (加拿大的政治体制) 1) Canada’s political system was greatly influenced by the two major foreign forces: Britain and America. 2). American ideas influenced the Canadian system to some degree. For example, freedom of speech and freedom of information are much valued in contemporary Canada (当代加拿大非常崇尚言论自由和 信息自由). So, Canadian society appears to be similar to American society, but they are different. The following two slogans define the different political aspirations of the two countries. While the US was founded on the idea of individualism (美国建立在个人主义的观点之上) --- Americans aspire to “life
Canada berty and the p2 ait of happines(美围渴级“生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利”一Canadians chose o found anation based onpeac笔，order and good government'”(加拿大人崇尚“和平、序和良好管 ")In other words,for Canadians,the well-being and liberty of individuals must sometimes be sacrificed orhe可ater good of the community(换句话说，对于如拿大人来说，有时为了集体的利益，得括牲 个人的幸福和自由) 3)Canadian society allows a high degree of telerance of different val山es and custons(包容各种不 同的价值观和习俗) 4)To find a workable balance between community and individual rights has been the central concern of Canadian policy-makers 5)It attempts to reconcile the two communities of English-speaking Canada and French-speaking Ca睡山.（它试图调和加拿大的英语族人和法语族人之间的关系） 2.Canada's system of government(加章大的政府体制) Canada's system of govemment is basod on the British system of pdimentary mrefemred to 西Vestminster-syle”democracy(加拿大的政府体制以英国的议会民主制度为基础，称为“西收寺式 民主t制.Like Britain Cana由is a monarch血（君主制The official head of stae is the Queen of Great Britain,Australia,New Zesland and other former British colonies,but she is represented by an official called a Governor General as she doesn'tlive in Canada(国家的官方首脑是英围，澳大利亚，新西兰以 及英国的其它前殖民地的女王，但是由于地不住在加拿大，所以由总督作为地的代表).Canada is a federation (with ten provinces and three territories.The govemment of the country is referred to as the federal government'",to distinguish it from the lower level government of each province(国家政俯 核称对联邦政府”，以示与各省的低一级政府的区).The parliament is divided imo a lower house:he House of Commoms(下议院).and an upper house the Semate(参议院).The members of the House of Commons are clected.whereas the senators are appointed by the Govemor General,who acts upon the recommendation of the Prime Minister (The party that wins the most seats in the House of Commons forms the Government and the party leader becomes Prime Minister.The Cabinet,chosen by the Prime Minister,,is made up of senior Mps丘om the governing party(总理所透择的内周由执政党的资深 院议员组成) The House of Commons is elected based on population rather than geographical size.so there are more MPs from urban areas than from the wilder regions of Canada and most of the Canadian population is concentrated in Ormtario and Quebee which have the most seats and therefore have the most power in the House of Commons 3.the political parties(政竟) I)National parties(全国性的政党)：the Liberal Part中y(自由党)and the Progressive Conservative (进步保守党) 2)Regional party(地区党派) ①The Bloc Quebecois(魁H北克集团)：The Bloc Quebecor5 was founded in1990 by a former
Canada 2 liberty and the pursuit of happiness” (美国渴望“生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利”)--- Canadians chose to found a nation based on “peace, order and good government” (加拿大人崇尚“和平、秩序和良好管 理”). In other words, for Canadians, the well-being and liberty of individuals must sometimes be sacrificed for the greater good of the community (换句话说，对于加拿大人来说，有时为了集体的利益，得牺牲 个人的幸福和自由). 3) Canadian society allows a high degree of tolerance of different values and customs. (包容各种不 同的价值观和习俗) 4) To find a workable balance between community and individual rights has been the central concern of Canadian policy-makers. 5) It attempts to reconcile the two communities of English-speaking Canada and French-speaking Canada. (它试图调和加拿大的英语族人和法语族人之间的关系.) 2. Canada's system of government (加拿大的政府体制) Canada’s system of government is based on the British system of parliamentary democracy, referred to as “Westminster-style” democracy (加拿大的政府体制以英国的议会民主制度为基础，称为“西敏寺式” 民主制). Like Britain, Canada is a monarchy (君主制). The official head of state is the Queen of Great Britain, Australia, New Zealand and other former British colonies, but she is represented by an official called a Governor General as she doesn’t live in Canada (国家的官方首脑是英国、澳大利亚、新西兰以 及英国的其它前殖民地的女王，但是由于她不住在加拿大，所以由总督作为她的代表). Canada is a federation (联邦) with ten provinces and three territories. The government of the country is referred to as “the federal government”, to distinguish it from the lower level government of each province (国家政府 被称为“联邦政府”，以示与各省的低一级政府的区别). The parliament is divided into a lower house: the House of Commons (下议院), and an upper house the Senate (参议院). The members of the House of Commons are elected, whereas the senators are appointed by the Governor General, who acts upon the recommendation of the Prime Minister (总理). The party that wins the most seats in the House of Commons forms the Government and the party leader becomes Prime Minister. The Cabinet, chosen by the Prime Minister, is made up of senior Mps from the governing party (总理所选择的内阁由执政党的资深 院议员组成). *The House of Commons is elected based on population rather than geographical size, so there are more MPs from urban areas than from the wilder regions of Canada and most of the Canadian population is concentrated in Ontario and Quebec which have the most seats and therefore have the most power in the House of Commons. 3. the political parties (政党) 1) National parties (全国性的政党)：the Liberal Party (自由党) and the Progressive Conservative (进步保守党) 2) Regional party (地区党派) ① The Bloc Quebecois (魁北克集团)：The Bloc Quebecois was founded in 1990 by a former
Canada Comervative cabinet minister and later separatist Lucien Bouchard.It is a Quebec separatis party intended to complement the provincial Parti Quebecois(PQ)on the federal level Its main concern is only to do what is best for Quebec,and wants to separate entirely from the federal government.In the 1993 elections the party became the second largest in the Canadian parliament.and the charismatie Bouchard became leader of the opposition. ②the Reform party(政良党)：The Reform Party has its great support in the Western prowinces,but has very lttle influence in centrall Canada.In the 1997 election,it became the courtry's official opposition party by winning enough seats in the parliament. 4,Canadian Prime Ministers加章大的总理 I)Pierre Trudeau(皮尔特鲁多)(1968-1984一自由党领袖)Piore Trudeau was bom in Montreal (蒙特利尔)，Quebec.He used to be a lawyer and became the Prime Minister in I96&He was one of the mos influential prime ministers in Canada.Despite his French roots,he preferred a powerful and united Canada hased on bilingualism and he worked very hard to bring English and French Canada clooer together. He introduced vigorous programs to promote the use of French throughout Camada.In 1922 he introduced e Constituice Act(完法法案)which gave Canada complete legal independence,and thus Canada became completely independent of Great Britain. Brian Mulroney(布菜恩·马尔罗尼)(I984一l993-进步保守凳)：le was born in the English-speaking community in Quebec.Mulroney made many important contributions to Canada.During his time of offio定，he introduced the Multiculturalism Act(多元文化法and signed a free trade agreement with the United States.The Mulroney goverrment imroduced Meech Lake Accord(米奇阁协阅which would recognize Quebee as a"distinct society"But it failed in 190 because some provincial gowernments objected,arguing that all Canadians should have their rights protected equly (In 1993 federal election the Progressive Conservative Party was completely wiped out because they had bad management of economy) 3 lean Chretien让克里蒂安)(l9羽g-自由党)：Is the current Prime Minister and the leader of the Liberal Party.He is a member of the French-speaking community as his name suggests.He has had a very long political career/he first became an MP in 1963 and was a Cabinet Minister and one of Trudeau's most trusted colleagues throughout the 1970s.He is considered the natural successor to Trudeau who preferred a united Canada *Similarities among the 3 prime ministers:1)They came from Quebec and could speak French as fluently as English.2)They were educated as lawyers.3)They shared the vision of a strong united Canada and worked hard to overcome the regionalism of the country. The Canadian Charter of Rights and Fr代edos加幸大权利与白由宪兼) The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms which was introduced in 1982,expressed the idea that ayethnic,racial and religious groups which wanted to retain their cutural identity would be supported by the federal government.This promise was further strengthened and explained in the 1988 Multiculturalism
Canada 3 Conservative cabinet minister and later separatist Lucien Bouchard. It is a Quebec separatist party intended to complement the provincial Parti Quebecois (PQ) on the federal level. Its main concern is only to do what is best for Quebec, and wants to separate entirely from the federal government. In the 1993 elections the party became the second largest in the Canadian parliament, and the charismatic Bouchard became leader of the opposition. ② the Reform party (改良党)：The Reform Party has its great support in the Western provinces, but has very little influence in central Canada. In the 1997 election, it became the country’s official opposition party by winning enough seats in the parliament. 4. Canadian Prime Ministers (加拿大的总理) 1) Pierre Trudeau (皮尔·特鲁多) (1968--1984---自由党领袖)：Pierre Trudeau was born in Montreal (蒙特利尔), Quebec. He used to be a lawyer and became the Prime Minister in 1968. He was one of the most influential prime ministers in Canada. Despite his French roots, he preferred a powerful and united Canada based on bilingualism and he worked very hard to bring English and French Canada closer together. He introduced vigorous programs to promote the use of French throughout Canada. In 1922, he introduced the Constitution Act (宪法法案) which gave Canada complete legal independence, and thus Canada became completely independent of Great Britain. 2) Brian Mulroney (布莱恩·马尔罗尼) (1984—1993-- 进步保守党) ：He was born in the English-speaking community in Quebec. Mulroney made many important contributions to Canada. During his time of office, he introduced the Multiculturalism Act (多元文化法) and signed a free trade agreement with the United States. The Mulroney government introduced Meech Lake Accord (米奇湖协议) which would recognize Quebec as a “distinct society”. But it failed in 1990 because some provincial governments objected, arguing that all Canadians should have their rights protected equally. (In 1993 federal election, the Progressive Conservative Party was completely wiped out because they had bad management of economy) 3) Jean Chretien (让·克里蒂安) (1993-- 自由党)：Is the current Prime Minister and the leader of the Liberal Party. He is a member of the French-speaking community as his name suggests. He has had a very long political career/ he first became an MP in 1963 and was a Cabinet Minister and one of Trudeau’s most trusted colleagues throughout the 1970s. He is considered the natural successor to Trudeau who preferred a united Canada. *Similarities among the 3 prime ministers：1) They came from Quebec and could speak French as fluently as English. 2) They were educated as lawyers. 3) They shared the vision of a strong, united Canada and worked hard to overcome the regionalism of the country. *The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (加拿大权利与自由宪章) The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which was introduced in 1982, expressed the idea that any ethnic, racial and religious groups which wanted to retain their cultural identity would be supported by the federal government. This promise was further strengthened and explained in the 1988 Multiculturalism
Canada △延（多元文化法案） 4
Canada 4 Act (多元文化法案)