The United States of America Unit 14 Post-WWIl American Foreign Policy (二战后美国的外交政策) 一、本单元重点内容 I.the beginning of the Cold War(冷战的开始) 2.Arms Race between the United States and the Soviet Union(美国与苏联之同的军备竟赛) 3.the Truman Doctrine(杜鲁门主文) 4. he containment policy(透制政策) 5.the Cuhan Missile Crisis in I962(I962年古巴的导弹危机) 6. he Korean War and rel域ions between the US and PRC(朗鲜战争以及中美关系) 7. engagement and expansion(交战与扩素) 8.unilatcralism(单边主义) 9.heSc到.11eoi国aack(9.11恐怖袭击) 10.wona国（对伊战争） 二、本单元重、难点辅导 l.the beginning of the Cold War(冷接的开始 Up to the WWll.American foreign policy had been swinging between isolation and interventionism. (直到二战之前，美国的外交政策一直在孤立主复和干涉主义之间变换) By the end of WWll.the United States,which had not suffered as much as other allied coumtries. became the strongest country in the world As the poosessor of momic tombs and with over 70%of the world's gold reserve and over 50%of industrial production in its hand,the policy-makers of the US wanted a world order dominated by the US,a world market free and open to American goods and services.In pursuing this goal the US encountered determined resistance from the Sovict Union Gradually the two wartime allies fell apart and the Cold War began.(到第二次量界大战结束时，美国不但不像其他里国受 创那么严重，反而成为世界上最强大的国家。作为原子弹唯一的拥有国，国库里又拥有世界黄金储 备的0%，手中拿据世界工业总产量的50%，美国决策者希望建立由美国主宰的世界供序，世界市 场对美国商品和服务自由开敏。为了实现这一目标，美国遇到了米自苏联的坚决抵制。逐渐地，两 个战时盟国分道扬铺，冷战开始。) 2.Arms Race between the United States and the Soviet Union(美国与苏联之间的军备 竞奏) The founding of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)in 1949 and the Warsanw Pact in 1955 split the world into two military blocs with a large number of non-aligned countries in between.Arms race bgn(1949年北大西洋公约组织（北约）的成立于和1955华沙条约组织的成立把世界分为两大军
The United States of America 1 Unit 14 Post-WWII American Foreign Policy (二战后美国的外交政策) 一、本单元重点内容 1. the beginning of the Cold War (冷战的开始) 2. Arms Race between the United States and the Soviet Union (美国与苏联之间的军备竞赛) 3. the Truman Doctrine (杜鲁门主义) 4. the containment policy (遏制政策) 5. the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 (1962 年古巴的导弹危机) 6. the Korean War and relations between the US and PRC (朝鲜战争以及中美关系) 7. engagement and expansion (交战与扩张) 8. unilateralism (单边主义) 9. the Sept. 11 terrorist attack (9.11 恐怖袭击) 10. war on Iraq (对伊战争) 二、本单元重、难点辅导 1. the beginning of the Cold War (冷战的开始) *Up to the WWII, American foreign policy had been swinging between isolation and interventionism. (直到二战之前，美国的外交政策一直在孤立主义和干涉主义之间变换) By the end of WWII, the United States, which had not suffered as much as other allied countries, became the strongest country in the world. As the possessor of atomic tombs and with over 70% of the world's gold reserve and over 50% of industrial production in its hand, the policy-makers of the US wanted a world order dominated by the US, a world market free and open to American goods and services. In pursuing this goal, the US encountered determined resistance from the Soviet Union. Gradually the two wartime allies fell apart and the Cold War began. (到第二次世界大战结束时，美国不但不像其他盟国受 创那么严重，反而成为世界上最强大的国家。作为原子弹唯一的拥有国，国库里又拥有世界黄金储 备的 70%，手中掌握世界工业总产量的 50%，美国决策者希望建立由美国主宰的世界秩序，世界市 场对美国商品和服务自由开放。为了实现这一目标，美国遇到了来自苏联的坚决抵制。逐渐地，两 个战时盟国分道扬镳，冷战开始。) 2. Arms Race between the United States and the Soviet Union (美国与苏联之间的军备 竞赛) The founding of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1949 and the Warsaw Pact in 1955 split the world into two military blocs with a large number of non-aligned countries in between. Arms race began. (1949 年北大西洋公约组织（北约）的成立于和 1955 华沙条约组织的成立把世界分为两大军
The United States of America 事集团了，并有大量的不结盟国家突在中间。军备竞赛开始。) The Soviet Union had its first test of the hydrogen bomb in 1953 after the U.S.had its such test in 1952(1952年美国进行第一次氢弹试验，之后，苏联子1953年也进行了第一次这样的试验。) In 1957.the Soviet Union launched 2 sputniks into the orbit showing they had the vehicle to carry the bombs to the United S4 es.This caused fear and amxiety on the prt of the United States.(I957年，苏联发 射了两颗人造卫星上天，表明他们有了将炸弹运到美国的工具。这引起了美国的恐懂和售虑。》 When Roeald Reagan became president in 1982,he wanted to reverse the situation in which the Soviet Union reached parit内y with the US.He initiated the Star Wars Project(i90年，里恨就任美国总统时，苏 联已经与美国在核力量方面达到对等，为了扭转这一局面，里根发起了星球大战计效即：空间发展 计刻： 3.the Truman Doctrine杜鲁门主义) In 1948 President Truman put forward the Truman Doctrine.which is generally regarded as the formal announcement of the implementation of comtainment(l948年，杜鲁门总统提出杜鲁门主义，这被公认 是实行邀止政策的正式宣言。) 4.the containment policy(透制政策) The US put into effect the containment policy in the late 1940s By containment.the US meant that it would use whatever mears,including military force,to prevent the Soviet Union from breaking out of its sphere of influence.In order to contain communism.the US fought two wars in Asia:the Korean War and the Vietnam W(美国在20世纪0年代末实了遇制政策。这意味着美国将使用一切手段，包括军 事力量，以防止苏联打破它的势力范围。为了退制共产主义，美国在亚洲发动了两场战争：朝鲜战 争(1950-1953)和越南战争(19541973).） 5.the Cuban Missile Crisis in1962(1962年吉巴的导弹危机 On one occasion during the Cold Ward period,the United States and the Sovict Union were on the brink of a nuclear war.This occasion was the Cuban Missile Crisis in1962.(在冷战期间.一个重大事件 使美国和苏联差点发动核战争。这次事件纸是1%2年的古巴导弹危机。它由苏联在古巴部署导弹， 美国则坚持要求撞除导弹而引发。这是冷战期阿美苏两大围之间最灌想的一次对抗。) 6.the Korean War and relations between the US and PRC朝解战争以及中美关系 The Korean War brought the United States and China face to face on the battlefield.The frozen relstionship did not thaw until President Nixon visited China in 1972.the United States and China normalizd diplomatic relations in1979.(朝鲜战争使美国和中国在战场上下面交锋。冰冷的关系直到 1972年尼克松总统访华才解漆。1979年美中国的外交关系正常化。) 7,engagement and expansi0n(交战与扩张) The late 1980s and the carly 1990s snw dramatic changes in the world.The fall of the Berlin Wall,the change of color of the Eastern European countries and the disintegration of the Soviet Union radically changed the balance of power in the world The US became the only superpower of the world.After several 2
The United States of America 2 事集团了，并有大量的不结盟国家夹在中间。军备竞赛开始。) The Soviet Union had its first test of the hydrogen bomb in 1953 after the U.S. had its such test in 1952. (1952 年美国进行第一次氢弹试验，之后，苏联于 1953 年也进行了第一次这样的试验。) In 1957, the Soviet Union launched 2 sputniks into the orbit showing they had the vehicle to carry the bombs to the United States. This caused fear and anxiety on the part of the United States. (1957 年，苏联发 射了两颗人造卫星上天，表明他们有了将炸弹运到美国的工具。这引起了美国的恐慌和焦虑。) When Ronald Reagan became president in 1982, he wanted to reverse the situation in which the Soviet Union reached parity with the US. He initiated the Star Wars Project. (1982 年，里根就任美国总统时，苏 联已经与美国在核力量方面达到对等，为了扭转这一局面，里根发起了星球大战计划(即: 空间发展 计划)。 3. the Truman Doctrine (杜鲁门主义) In 1948 President Truman put forward the Truman Doctrine, which is generally regarded as the formal announcement of the implementation of containment. (1948 年，杜鲁门总统提出杜鲁门主义，这被公认 是实行遏止政策的正式宣言。) 4. the containment policy (遏制政策) The US put into effect the containment policy in the late 1940s. By containment, the US meant that it would use whatever means, including military force, to prevent the Soviet Union from breaking out of its sphere of influence. In order to contain communism, the US fought two warsin Asia: the Korean War and the Vietnam War. (美国在 20 世纪 40 年代末实施了遏制政策。这意味着美国将使用一切手段，包括军 事力量，以防止苏联打破它的势力范围。为了遏制共产主义，美国在亚洲发动了两场战争：朝鲜战 争(1950-1953)和越南战争(1954-1973)。) 5. the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 (1962 年古巴的导弹危机) On one occasion during the Cold Ward period, the United States and the Soviet Union were on the brink of a nuclear war. This occasion was the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962. (在冷战期间, 一个重大事件 使美国和苏联差点发动核战争。这次事件就是 1962 年的古巴导弹危机。*它由苏联在古巴部署导弹、 美国则坚持要求撤除导弹而引发。这是冷战期间美苏两大国之间最激烈的一次对抗。) 6. the Korean War and relations between the US and PRC (朝鲜战争以及中美关系) The Korean War brought the United States and China face to face on the battlefield. The frozen relationship did not thaw until President Nixon visited China in 1972. the United States and China normalized diplomatic relations in 1979. (朝鲜战争使美国和中国在战场上下面交锋。冰冷的关系直到 1972 年尼克松总统访华才解冻。1979 年美中国的外交关系正常化。) 7. engagement and expansion (交战与扩张) The late 1980s and the early 1990s saw dramatic changes in the world. The fall of the Berlin Wall, the change of color of the Eastern European countries and the disintegration of the Soviet Union radically changed the balance of power in the world. The US became the only superpower of the world. After several
The United States of America adjustments,the national strategy of the US was engagement and expansion,which means the US would take a more active part in world affairs and would more actively promote market cconomy and American sedm0 cracy in the world.(20世纪80年代末和90年代初目暗了世界上发生的急侧变化，(19匆年) 柏林墙的倒塌，东歌国家的变色以及(1991年底)苏联的解体迅速地改变了世界力量的平衡。美国成 为世界上唯一的超级大围。经过几次调整。美国的国家战略转为交战与扩张，这意味着美国将更加 积极地参与世界事务，更加积极地推进市场经济，在世界上积极推行美国式民主。) &.unilateralism(单边主义) When George W.Bush became president in 2001,he and his top advisers pursued a strategy that has significantly changed some of the principles that have been practiced in American foreign policy for years. This strategy has two prominent elements:unilateralism and faith in military strength They review policies and interational agreements from the point of view of American national interests.If they think any interational agreement is not in line with American national interests,they will not hesitate to discard it (2001年，当乔治沃克布什出任总饶时，他和他的高级顾月采取的策略与美国多年米实行的外交政策 的一些原则有着暴著的变化。这一策略有两个突出的元素：单边主义和相信军事力量。他们从美国 的国家利益的角度来审查政策和国际协定。如果他们认为某一项国际协定不符合美国的国家利丝， 他们将毫不犹豫地抛弃它。)） 9,the Sept.11 terrorist attack(91l影饰表击) On Sept.11,2001.terrorists hijacked four American passenger planes,two smashing into the World Trade Towers,one into the Pentagon,and the fourth one smshing into the fields in Penmeylvania as aresult of the struggle by the paxengers.3000 innocent lives were lost in the terrorist attacks.The whole world was shocked,and Anti-terrorism became a priority on the agenda of the majority of the countries all over e心M.(200年9月1川日，器怖分子粉转了4架美国客机，两梁辑进了世贸大楼，一架撞进了五 角大棱，第四架由于乘客的奋力反抗而坠入了宾州的田野。3,0人在这次恐怖袭击中无辜丧生。整 个世界感到原惊，反恐怖主义成为世界各地大多数国家议事日程上最重要的事项，) 10.War0 n Iraq(对伊战争) In the State of the Union mesage【(总统政国会的)国情咨文]ef20O2,President Bush surprised the world by naming Ira4,Iran and North Korea as Axis of Evil..(在2002年的国情W文中布什总统称伊拉 克、伊朗和北朝鲜为邪恶轴心，他的这备话让全赋界惊讶。) On March 20.2003.the United States launched large-scale air artacks on Irag withou Untied Nation authorization.President Bush asserted that the war was to disarm Irag.to end the Saddam regime.(2003 3月20日，美国来经联合国的许可对伊拉克发动了大规模的空袭。美国总统布什声称，这场战争是 为了解除伊拉克武装，结束萨达料政权。) The strategy of preemption(先发制人的策略) In an address delrvered to the West Point graduales.President Bush for the first time,put forward the strategy of preemption.By preemption.the US means that when it determined that a country which is 3
The United States of America 3 adjustments, the national strategy of the US was engagement and expansion, which means the US would take a more active part in world affairs and would more actively promote market economy and American style democracy in the world. (20 世纪 80 年代末和 90 年代初目睹了世界上发生的急剧变化。(1989 年) 柏林墙的倒塌，东欧国家的变色以及(1991 年底)苏联的解体迅速地改变了世界力量的平衡。美国成 为世界上唯一的超级大国。经过几次调整，美国的国家战略转为交战与扩张，这意味着美国将更加 积极地参与世界事务，更加积极地推进市场经济，在世界上积极推行美国式民主。) 8. unilateralism (单边主义) When George W. Bush became president in 2001, he and his top advisers pursued a strategy that has significantly changed some of the principles that have been practiced in American foreign policy for years. This strategy has two prominent elements: unilateralism and faith in military strength. They review policies and international agreements from the point of view of American national interests. If they think any international agreement is not in line with American national interests, they will not hesitate to discard it. (2001 年，当乔治沃克布什出任总统时，他和他的高级顾问采取的策略与美国多年来实行的外交政策 的一些原则有着显著的变化。这一策略有两个突出的元素：单边主义和相信军事力量。他们从美国 的国家利益的角度来审查政策和国际协定。如果他们认为某一项国际协定不符合美国的国家利益， 他们将毫不犹豫地抛弃它。) 9. the Sept. 11 terrorist attack (9.11 恐怖袭击) On Sept. 11, 2001, terrorists hijacked four American passenger planes, two smashing into the World Trade Towers, one into the Pentagon, and the fourth one smashing into the fields in Pennsylvania as a result of the struggle by the passengers. 3 000 innocent lives were lost in the terrorist attacks. The whole world was shocked, and Anti- terrorism became a priority on the agenda of the majority of the countries all over the world. (2001 年 9 月 11 日，恐怖分子劫持了 4 架美国客机，两架撞进了世贸大楼，一架撞进了五 角大楼，第四架由于乘客的奋力反抗而坠入了宾州的田野。3,000 人在这次恐怖袭击中无辜丧生。整 个世界感到震惊，反恐怖主义成为世界各地大多数国家议事日程上最重要的事项。) 10. war on Iraq (对伊战争) In the State of the Union message [(总统致国会的)国情咨文]of 2002, President Bush surprised the world by naming Iraq, Iran and North Korea as Axis of Evil. (在 2002 年的国情咨文中布什总统称伊拉 克、伊朗和北朝鲜为邪恶轴心，他的这番话让全世界惊讶。) On March 20, 2003, the United States launched large-scale air attacks on Iraq without Untied Nation authorization. President Bush asserted that the war was to disarm Iraq, to end the Saddam regime. (2003 年 3 月 20 日，美国未经联合国的许可对伊拉克发动了大规模的空袭。美国总统布什声称，这场战争是 为了解除伊拉克武装，结束萨达姆政权。) The strategy of preemption (先发制人的策略) In an address delivered to the West Point graduates, President Bush, for the first time, put forward the strategy of preemption. By preemption, the US means that when it determined that a country which is
The United States of America repressive and hostile to the US has acquired or produced weapons of mass destruction o has the potential to have such weapons,the US should use force to remove this threat to US security and should not wait till the danger becomes imminent or until the US is attacked.This has come to be known as the Bush doctrine. (在一篇向西点军校的演说中，布什第一次提出先发制人的战略。美围人所说的先发制人是指当美国 认定某个对美国做对的国家已经拿暴或生产了大规模杀伤武器，或者具备拥有这样武器的谱力时， 美国应该使用武力排除这种对美国的威勒。而且。美国不应该等待这气危险逼近，或者等待美国造 受了攻击，才采取行动。)
The United States of America 4 repressive and hostile to the US has acquired or produced weapons of mass destruction or has the potential to have such weapons, the US should use force to remove this threat to US security and should not wait till the danger becomes imminent or until the US is attacked. This has come to be known as the Bush doctrine. (在一篇向西点军校的演说中，布什第一次提出先发制人的战略。美国人所说的先发制人是指当美国 认定某个对美国敌对的国家已经掌握或生产了大规模杀伤武器，或者具备拥有这样武器的潜力时， 美国应该使用武力排除这种对美国的威胁，而且，美国不应该等待这些危险逼近，或者等待美国遭 受了攻击，才采取行动。)