Unit 11 Land,People and History (Ireland) (爱尔兰的人文、地理和历史) 一、本单元重点内容 1.The difference between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland (北爱尔兰与爱尔兰共和国的区别 2.Unique geographie features of Ireland(爱尔兰独特的地理特狂) 3.The na减ural environment(白然环境) 4.Temperate climate《温带气候) 5.The expansion of touris过industry(游业的扩张) 6.Intensive farming(精耕细作) 7.Emigration(移民出境) 8.The Great Fam0f1845-1848(1845-1848年的“大饥荒”) 9.The Celti长Tgr(凯尔特老虎) I0.The English Colonisation of Ireland(英国人对爱尔兰的殖民统治) Il.A warrior culture and history(尚武文化和历史) 12.Campaigns for Home Rule(自治运动) 13.Irish Independence in 1921(121年爱尔兰的鞋立) 二、本单元重、难点辅导 1.The difference between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland (北爱尔兰与爱尔兰共和国的区别) 1)Northern Ireland is a province of the UK,while the Republic of lreland is an independent nation in 心own right 2)The area covering the Republic of Ireland is 5 times of that of Northern Ireland. 3)Most of the people in Northern Ireland are Protestants while the majority of the people in the Republic are Catholics 2.Unique geographic features of Ireland(爱尔兰独特的地理特征) 1)Ireland is situaled off the northwest coast of Great Britain,and Scotland is across the narrow strait of water《与苏格兰一水之隔》 2)In terms of geographical elevations.the island of Ireland resembles a tea saucer.with a large central lowland comprised of limestone(从地表上来看，爱尔兰像一个茶盘，中间是大片的石灰石低地) 3.The natural environment(自然环境) 1)Ireland is an intense green,or rather mixture of greens,which changes little between summer and
1 Unit 11 Land, People and History (Ireland) (爱尔兰的人文、地理和历史) 一、本单元重点内容 1. The difference between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland (北爱尔兰与爱尔兰共和国的区别) 2. Unique geographic features of Ireland (爱尔兰独特的地理特征) 3. The natural environment (自然环境) 4. Temperate climate （温带气候） 5. The expansion of tourist industry (旅游业的扩张) 6. Intensive farming (精耕细作) 7. Emigration (移民出境) 8. The Great Famine of 1845—1848 (1845-1848 年的“大饥荒”) 9. The Celtic Tiger (凯尔特老虎) 10. The English Colonisation of Ireland (英国人对爱尔兰的殖民统治) 11. A warrior culture and history (尚武文化和历史) 12. Campaigns for Home Rule （自治运动） 13. Irish Independence in 1921 (1921 年爱尔兰的独立) 二、本单元重、难点辅导 1. The difference between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland (北爱尔兰与爱尔兰共和国的区别) 1) Northern Ireland is a province of the UK, while the Republic of Ireland is an independent nation in its own right. 2) The area covering the Republic of Ireland is 5 times of that of Northern Ireland. 3) Most of the people in Northern Ireland are Protestants while the majority of the people in the Republic are Catholics. 2. Unique geographic features of Ireland (爱尔兰独特的地理特征) 1) Ireland is situated off the northwest coast of Great Britain, and Scotland is across the narrow strait of water（与苏格兰一水之隔）. 2) In terms of geographical elevations, the island of Ireland resembles a tea saucer, with a large central lowland comprised of limestone (从地表上来看，爱尔兰像一个茶盘，中间是大片的石灰石低地). 3. The natural environment (自然环境) 1) Ireland is an intense green, or rather mixture of greens, which changes little between summer and
winter,the grasslands flourish in all seasons. 2)Ireland has asmaller range of native flora and fauna than elsewhere in Europe A.Temperate climate(温待气候) 1)Ireland is not very hot during summer.nor is it very cold in winter. 2)Snow and ice are rare. 3)Ireland is almost always damp. 5.Economy 1)The expamsion of tourist industry旅游业的节张购 ①Over-development of many rexorts has led to a despoliation of many landscapes许多风景区的 过度开发使环境受到破坏， ②The expansion of the tourist industry is particularly dangerous for the environment.旅游业的发展 对环境的破坏兄为危险 )Intensive farming(精耕细作 New methods of intensive farming have led to pollution of springs and lakes The Celtic工er(凯尔转虎，“虎虎有生气的爱尔兰“经济) The economy of Ireland has been booming in reeent years and thus it has become the "Celtic Tiger." 于爱尔兰的经济在加入欧盟之后特续高速增长，又由于爱尔兰人的粗先为凯尔静人，故被称为“凯 尔特虎”，正如新加技、香港，台湾与韩国等国家和地区在经济持铁高速增长时期被称为“亚洲小龙 6.Emigration(移民出镜) Emigration took place before the Great Famine.mostly from the northern part of Ireland.The emigrants went to the New World (Canada and America)to seek better economic position 7.The Great Famine of1845-1848(1845-1848年的“大饥荒m) The Great Famine took place from 1845-1848 when scoessive potato crops failed and many people of Ireland starved to death,or died of the d士ses which preyed on malmutrition(ls45年至1848年，爱尔 兰重要农作物马铃薯连年受实减产。许多人核饿死，成死于营养不良造成的疾稀。)yet山 country for the New World.The Great Famine became a watershed in Irish history.not merely because there was mass starvation and emigration,but also because the British government appeared to be indifferent to the fate of the poorest people in its nearest colony.Naturally this period is characterized by campaigns for national independence and land reform Result:the immediae result of the Grea通Famine was a decimation of the population人口a减)，so the Republic oflreland is a young country with more than halfof the poople under the age of 25. &.The Celtic and English Colonisation of Ireland(凯尔特人和英国人对爱尔兰的 殖民统治) 1)Ireland has been invaded by Celts Christians,Vikings,Normans and English.Celtic invaders may have come to Ireland as early as the6 th century BC.Celts were a warrior culture(尚武文化h,making swift 2
2 winter; the grasslands flourish in all seasons. 2) Ireland has a smaller range of native flora and fauna than elsewhere in Europe. 4. Temperate climate（温带气候） 1) Ireland is not very hot during summer, nor is it very cold in winter. 2) Snow and ice are rare. 3) Ireland is almost always damp. 5. Economy 1) The expansion of tourist industry (旅游业的扩张) ① Over-development of many resorts has led to a despoliation of many landscapes. 许多风景区的 过度开发使环境受到破坏。 ② The expansion of the tourist industry is particularly dangerous for the environment. 旅游业的发展 对环境的破坏尤为危险 2) Intensive farming (精耕细作) New methods of intensive farming have led to pollution of springs and lakes. 3) The Celtic Tiger (凯尔特虎，“虎虎有生气的爱尔兰”经济) The economy of Ireland has been booming in recent years and thus it has become the “Celtic Tiger.”由 于爱尔兰的经济在加入欧盟之后持续高速增长，又由于爱尔兰人的祖先为凯尔特人，故被称为“凯 尔特虎”，正如新加坡、香港、台湾与韩国等国家和地区在经济持续高速增长时期被称为“亚洲小龙” 6. Emigration (移民出境) Emigration took place before the Great Famine, mostly from the northern part of Ireland. The emigrants went to the New World (Canada andAmerica) to seek better economic position. 7. The Great Famine of 1845—1848 (1845-1848 年的“大饥荒”) The Great Famine took place from 1845—1848 when successive potato crops failed and many people of Ireland starved to death, or died of the diseases which preyed on malnutrition (1845 年至 1848 年，爱尔 兰重要农作物马铃薯连年受灾减产，许多人被饿死，或死于营养不良造成的疾病。) Many left the country for the New World. The Great Famine became a watershed in Irish history, not merely because there was mass starvation and emigration, but also because the British government appeared to be indifferent to the fate of the poorest people in its nearest colony. Naturally this period is characterized by campaigns for national independence and land reform. Result: the immediate result of the Great Famine was a decimation of the population(人口锐减), so the Republic of Ireland is a young country with more than half of the people under the age of 25. 8. The Celtic and English Colonisation of Ireland (凯尔特人和英国人对爱尔兰的 殖民统治) 1)Ireland has been invaded by Celts, Christians, Vikings, Normans and English. Celtic invaders may have come to Ireland as early as the 6th century BC. Celts were a warrior culture (尚武文化), making swift
attacks in horse-dranwn chariots )Much like the Homerie warriors in the lliad they had their own siga.(就象古希着黄马史诗（伊利亚特》中的勇士一样，能门也有白己的英准传奇.）Ccds'language survived through history and Irish is the first official language of the Republic of lreland. 2)English invasion of Ireland:in 1541,Henry VIll declared himself king of Ireland.-the first English monarch to do so 3)Queen Elizabeth I's army defeated the Irish at the Battle of Kinsale in 1601.For the first time,the entire island was controlled by a strong English central gowvernment. 4)In 1782,the Irish parliament was granted independence 5)After the defeat of the 1798 rebellion,the London government took drastic action to curtain any notions of ri动independence.1799g年反抗被镇压后，伦敦政府采取了强硬措庵压制爱尔兰的独立运动 6 The Iris动parliament was voted out of existence in1800.1800年，爱尔兰国会被取第， 9.Campaigns for Home Rule(自治运动) A comstitutional movement secking Home Rule wa8 instituted up(是出)byls经e Butt in1870.T Home Rule Bill was finally passed in 1914. I0.Sinn Fein(新芬党) Arthur Griffith developed a political party in the period of 1905-08 known as Sinn Fein-.-meaning "we ourselves"in the Irish language.The Sinn Fein policy was that Irish MPs should withdraw from Westminster and establish and independent parliament.Traditionally.Sinn Fein had close links wth the Irish Republican hrotherhood,a secret society struggling for national independence. 11.The Easter Rising of1916(1916年的复活节起义) It was a rebellion by Irish nationalists against British rule on 24 Aprl 1916(Easter Monday)The Irish Volunteers,led by Patrick Pearse and the Irish Citizen Army.led by James Connolly.staged the upr ising The British crushed the rising within a week and executed its leaders A wave of nationalist sentiment produced an electoral victory for Sinn Fein in 1918. 12.Irish Independence in1921(1921年爱尔兰的轴立) In December.1921 the Anglo-Irish Treaty was singed,with the result that 26 counties gained independence as the new Irish Free Stale.Six oounties in Ulster are known as Northern Ireland
3 attacks in horse-drawn chariots (马拉战车). Much like the Homeric warriors in the Iliad, they had their own saga.(就象古希腊荷马史诗《伊利亚特》中的勇士一样，他们也有自己的英雄传奇。) Celts’ language survived through history and Irish is the first official language of the Republic of Ireland. 2)English invasion of Ireland: in 1541, Henry VIII declared himself king of Ireland---the first English monarch to do so. 3)Queen Elizabeth I’s army defeated the Irish at the Battle of Kinsale in 1601. For the first time, the entire island was controlled by a strong English central government. 4)In 1782, the Irish parliament was granted independence. 5)After the defeat of the 1798 rebellion, the London government took drastic action to curtain any notions of Irish independence. 1798 年反抗被镇压后，伦敦政府采取了强硬措施压制爱尔兰的独立运动 6) The Irish parliament was voted out of existence in 1800. 1800 年，爱尔兰国会被取缔。 9. Campaigns for Home Rule （自治运动） A constitutional movement seeking Home Rule was instituted up (提出) by Isaac Butt in 1870. The Home Rule Bill was finally passed in 1914. 10. Sinn Fein （新芬党） Arthur Griffith developed a political party in the period of 1905-08 known as Sinn Fein---meaning “we ourselves” in the Irish language. The Sinn Fein policy was that Irish MPs should withdraw from Westminster and establish and independent parliament. Traditionally, Sinn Fein had close links with the Irish Republican brotherhood, a secret society struggling for national independence. 11. The Easter Rising of 1916 (1916 年的复活节起义) It was a rebellion by Irish nationalists against British rule on 24 April 1916 (Easter Monday). The Irish Volunteers, led by Patrick Pearse and the Irish Citizen Army, led by James Connolly, staged the uprising. The British crushed the rising within a week and executed its leaders. A wave of nationalist sentiment produced an electoral victory for Sinn Fein in 1918. 12. Irish Independence in 1921 (1921 年爱尔兰的独立) In December, 1921 the Anglo-Irish Treaty was singed, with the result that 26 counties gained independence as the new Irish Free State. Six counties in Ulster are known as Northern Ireland