The United States of America Unit13 Technology in America(美国的技术) 一、本单元重点内容 L.Eli Whitney(伊莱·惠特尼) 2 JohnH.Hhll(钓翰-H霍尔) 3.heS1 evens and transportation(史著文森和运输) 4.Samuel F.B.More(萨缪尔F-B莫尔斯 5.the Pony Express System(马上快遇系统) 6.Alexander Graham Bell(亚历山大格拉汉姆·贝尔) 7.Thomas Alva Edison(托马斯埃尔瓦爱迪生) 8 Frederick Winslow Tirylor(弗雷德里克·温斯洛-秦勒) 9.Henry Ford(亨利福特) 10.the invention of the radio(无线电的发明) 1l.houschold technologies(家用技术) l2 the Age of Visul Information(视觉信息时代) I3.computer实ience(计算机科学) 14.rocketry(火转技术) I5.nuclear energy(核能) 二、本单元重、难点辅导 1.Eli Whitney(伊莱-惠特尼176s1825 Eli Whitney was noted for imventing the cotton gin and developing the system of mas production of weapons with interd中angeable parts(伊菜惠特尼因发明了轧棉机和开发了批量生产武器的体制面出 名，批量生产的式墨的零部件可互换)But Whitney's gin did no(perform very well and色success in manufacturing interchangeable parts w8m0 stly a public rek域ons exagger藏ot(但是他的轧棍机并不太 好用。他在生产可互换零部件方面取得的成功也不像公众夸张的那样大) 2.John且a(钩翰H置尔) John H Hall was the director of the Rifle Works(米复抢工厂)at the Harpers Ferry Armory(哈帕 斯费里军工厂).He played asignificant role in developing the American system of production in carly 19户 century -using interchangesble parts for mas manufacturing which lowered costs and improved efficiency. Cyrus H MeCormick塞罗折-麦考密克1809-1884 He wis an imven%or in early I9 century. known for inventing the mechanical reaper().which harvested countless acres of wheat in he Midwestern plains.The machine made farming more profitable,and US agriculture began to move away
The United States of America 1 Unit 13 Technology in America (美国的技术) 一、本单元重点内容 1. Eli Whitney (伊莱·惠特尼) 2. John H. Hall (约翰·H·霍尔) 3. the Stevens and transportation (史蒂文森和运输) 4. Samuel F. B. Morse (萨缪尔·F·B·莫尔斯) 5. the Pony Express System (马上快递系统) 6. Alexander Graham Bell (亚历山大·格拉汉姆·贝尔) 7. Thomas Alva Edison （托马斯·埃尔瓦·爱迪生） 8. Frederick Winslow Taylor （弗雷德里克·温斯洛·泰勒） 9. Henry Ford (亨利·福特) 10. the invention of the radio (无线电的发明) 11. household technologies (家用技术) 12. the Age of Visual Information (视觉信息时代) 13. computer science (计算机科学) 14. rocketry (火箭技术) 15. nuclear energy (核能) 二、本单元重、难点辅导 1．Eli Whitney (伊莱·惠特尼 1765-1825) Eli Whitney was noted for inventing the cotton gin and developing the system of mass production of weapons with interchangeable parts. (伊莱·惠特尼因发明了轧棉机和开发了批量生产武器的体制而出 名，批量生产的武器的零部件可互换) But Whitney’s gin did not perform very well and his success in manufacturing interchangeable parts was mostly a public relations exaggeration. (但是他的轧棉机并不太 好用，他在生产可互换零部件方面取得的成功也不像公众夸张的那样大) 2. John H. Hall (约翰·H·霍尔) John H Hall was the director of the Rifle Works（来复枪工厂） at the Harpers Ferry Armory（哈帕 斯费里军工厂）. He played a significant role in developing the American system of production in early 19th century – using interchangeable parts for mass manufacturing, which lowered costs and improved efficiency. *Cyrus H McCormick(塞罗斯·H·麦考密克 1809-1884)：He was an inventor in early 19th century, known for inventing the mechanical reaper(收割机), which harvested countless acres of wheat in he Midwestern plains. The machine made farming more profitable, and US agriculture began to move away
The United States of America from subsistence farmingr推持自己的温饱、少有余粮的农场经营)towards a food marketing emerpris买 (粮食的商业化) 3.the Stevens and transp0 rtation(史蔷文森和运输) The Stevens family played a significant role in improving transportation in carly 19 century.The the,JonS1ee网约翰-史蒂文森)made the过steam engine locomotive第一台蒸汽机机车头为)d worked with his two sons to develop oost-effective long distance transportation(开发节约成本的长途运 输系统) 4.Samuel F.B.Morse(萨摆尔FB真尔新I791-1872) kew密the imventor of1 clegrap边（电报机）and a system for telegraph transmission(发报系统e圆 Morse Co坐《莫尔所电码)，Telegraph replaced Pomy Express System(电报取代了马上快递系统.) 5,the Pony Express System(马上快递系统 This was system of using riders and horses (ponies)to transmit messages and mail orders in the Wild West in mid-1 century before telegraph was invented. 6.Alexander Graham Bell(亚历山大格拉汉舞贝尔84T-l922) k出the inventor of teephor(电话的发明者) 7.Th0m准s Alva Edis0n(托马斯埃尔瓦爱迪生1847.1931) The Wizard of Menlo Park气门格舶克的奇才力refers to Thoms Alva Edison.Edison was the mo对 famous of all American inventors Among his many inventions are electric amp电，honoeraph(留声 机)mion pictures(电影)and parallel circu进（并联电路），As he was知clever and talented and his workplaces were located in Menlo Park,New Jersey,he carned the food title"the Wirard of Menlo Park" (由于他是如此的颗明和有才华，触的工作场所位于新泽西州的门洛帕克，所以触赢得了“门洛帕克 的奇才”这一称号。)。 8.Frederick Winslow Taylor(弗置第里克-温斯洛-泰勒I856-1915) He is the founder of man型ement science_(管理科学的发明者)He was the fir对to conduct tme-motion(工时与动f作)udies to discover the most efficient ways for laborers to acmplish the tasks (他是美国爱明家，工程师，被称为“科学管理之父”，他研究工人在操作时的动作以及所用的时间， 以便减少操作中浪贵时间和不必要的动作。泰勒著有多部关于科学管理的著作。) 9.Henry Ford(亨利-福特1863-1947刀 Henry Ford was an American entrepreneur (in the late 19century.He was hfirs embly line for manufacturing carsaconcept borrowed from the practices of cattle slaughtering house (从屠牛场的操作方法中借用的一种理老)The method significantly lowered unit cos and mad水it affordable to ordinary Americans.(Automobile facilitated the out-migration movement into suburban 10Cs)(他是美国工业家，汽车行业的先里，相特于103年创立相特汽车公可，领先使用传送带 和流水生产线降低生产成本，使汽车的价格降低。并使汽车标准化，使汽车能大规慎生产，这对汽 车在美围的普及起了重要作用。) 2
The United States of America 2 from subsistence farming(维持自己的温饱、少有余粮的农场经营）towards a food marketing enterprise （粮食的商业化）. 3. the Stevens and transportation (史蒂文森和运输) The Stevens family played a significant role in improving transportation in early 19th century. The father, John Stevens(约翰·史蒂文森) made the first steam engine locomotive (第一台蒸汽机机车头) and worked with his two sons to develop cost-effective long distance transportation (开发节约成本的长途运 输系统). 4. Samuel F.B. Morse (萨缪尔·F·B·莫尔斯 1791-1872) He was the inventor of telegraph (电报机) and a system for telegraph transmission (发报系统) called Morse Code（莫尔斯电码）. Telegraph replaced Pony Express System (电报取代了马上快递系统。) 5. the Pony Express System (马上快递系统) This was system of using riders and horses (ponies) to transmit messages and mail orders in the Wild West in mid-19th century before telegraph was invented. 6. Alexander Graham Bell (亚历山大·格拉汉姆·贝尔 1847-1922) He was the inventor of telephone. (电话的发明者) 7. Thomas Alva Edison（托马斯·埃尔瓦·爱迪生 1847-1931） “The Wizard of Menlo Park”(门洛帕克的奇才) refers to Thomas Alva Edison. Edison was the most famous of all American inventors. Among his many inventions are: electric lamp (电灯), phonograph (留声 机), motion pictures（电影）and parallel circuit（并联电路）. As he was so clever and talented and his workplaces were located in Menlo Park, New Jersey, he earned the fond title “the Wizard of Menlo Park” (由于他是如此的聪明和有才华，他的工作场所位于新泽西州的门洛帕克，所以他赢得了“门洛帕克 的奇才”这一称号。). 8. Frederick Winslow Taylor（弗雷德里克·温斯洛·泰勒 1856-1915） He is the founder of management science (管理科学的发明者). He was the first to conduct time-motion（工时与动作）studies to discover the most efficient ways for laborers to accomplish the tasks. (他是美国发明家，工程师，被称为“科学管理之父”，他研究工人在操作时的动作以及所用的时间， 以便减少操作中浪费时间和不必要的动作。泰勒著有多部关于科学管理的著作。) 9. Henry Ford (亨利·福特 1863-1947) Henry Ford was an American entrepreneur (企业家) in the late 19th century. He was the first to use assembly line for manufacturing cars---a concept borrowed from the practices of cattle slaughtering house (从屠牛场的操作方法中借用的一种理念). The method significantly lowered unit cost and made it affordable to ordinary Americans. (Automobile facilitated the out-migration － movement into suburban locations) (他是美国工业家，汽车行业的先驱。福特于 1903 年创立福特汽车公司，领先使用传送带 和流水生产线降低生产成本，使汽车的价格降低，并使汽车标准化，使汽车能大规模生产，这对汽 车在美国的普及起了重要作用。)
The United States of America "So,Taylorism and Fordism combined to make the American create a new system of manufacture in which the workers were tumed into tools and they must work in a most drear,mindless,allienating way. (所以，秦勒主义和场特主义相结合，使美国在20世纪的生产制度变成了可怕的、无類动脑的、异 化的工作方式。) I0.the invention of the radio无线电的发明) Canadian-born American physicist Reginald Fessenden(加拿大出生的美国物理学家雷吉钠尔·费南 )who,in 1901,developed a device for tranemitting a continuous wave,which could carry a signal in the dio frequency(他为传输连续波而发明了一种装置，可以在音坝频率范围传输信号).Ths enabled voices and music to be transmitted directly,and on Christmas Eve 1905 many wireless telegraphers were startled to hear music over their crackling earphones(这可以直接传输声音和音乐，在I905年的圣 诞前夜，许多无线电电报员在绝们劈劈啪啪的耳机上所到了音乐时，非常覆惊In1920he过 commercial radio station(育业性质的广播站)began broadcasting In the poot World W知r I age,radio was n important locus of advertisement for the products to feed a growing consumerism in America(无线电广 播是广告的重要集中地，这些广告促销产品以满足美国日益增长的酒费主复) Il,household technologies in the mid-20 century(20世纪中期的家用技术) refrigeralor,.omatic laundry machinel自动洗衣机)，acuum cleaner(真空吸尘器)，electrie dishwasher(电动洗豌机)，electric blender(电动搅并器)，food processor(食品加工机)，microwave owen(微波炉) I2.the Age of Visual Information(视觉僧息时代 Television marked the beginnin%of"The Age of Visual Inform铺iem气程觉信息时f代)(I929年，英国 发明家贝尔德发明的电视成功播政了运动物体图像。) 13.computer science(计算机料学判 PC is shortened from Personal Computer,aso called desktop computer.It was first develop by two curinventors and wis mainly meant for gomputing But today,the most widespread use of the PC is for word processing and gommunications The central part of a computer where the transistors()are incorporated(合成一钩together with no wiring is called shi艺片).The most well--know computer companies are IBM and Apple.Now the largest software company is Microsoft whose director is Bill Gates 14.rocketry(火箭数术) Robert Hutchings Goddard《(罗伯特哈金所·戈达德1882一1945)：le is the founder of moder四 ockctn立technology(现代火箭技术)He was the fr过o launch liquid propellant missiles(发射用液体作 推动剂的导弹)：(Rocketry is a example of results of military research and development used for peacetime activities Its most important contributions toor present lives is from communicatin) 15.nuclear energy ()1)possibly the most significant technology of the latter part of 20 century:2)pplications in nuclear medicine(在核医学中的运用，3)to generate electricit中y(发电)
The United States of America 3 *So, Taylorism and Fordism combined to make the American create a new system of manufacture in which the workers were turned into tools and they must work in a most drear, mindless, alienating way. (所以，泰勒主义和福特主义相结合，使美国在 20 世纪的生产制度变成了可怕的、无须动脑的、异 化的工作方式。) 10. the invention of the radio (无线电的发明) Canadian-born American physicist Reginald Fessenden (加拿大出生的美国物理学家雷吉纳尔·费森 登) who, in 1901, developed a device for transmitting a continuous wave, which could carry a signal in the audio frequency range (他为传输连续波而发明了一种装置，可以在音频频率范围传输信号). This enabled voices and music to be transmitted directly, and on Christmas Eve 1905 many wireless telegraphers were startled to hear music over their crackling earphones (这可以直接传输声音和音乐，在 1905 年的圣 诞前夜，许多无线电电报员在他们劈劈啪啪的耳机上听到了音乐时，非常震惊). In 1920 the first commercial radio station (商业性质的广播站) began broadcasting. In the post World War I age, radio was an important locus of advertisement for the products to feed a growing consumerism in America (无线电广 播是广告的重要集中地，这些广告促销产品以满足美国日益增长的消费主义). 11. household technologies in the mid-20th century (20 世纪中期的家用技术) refrigerator, automatic laundry machine(自动洗衣机), vacuum cleaner（真空吸尘器）, electric dishwasher（电动洗碗机）, electric blender（电动搅拌器）, food processor（食品加工机）, microwave oven (微波炉) 12. the Age of Visual Information (视觉信息时代) Television marked the beginning of “The Age of Visual Information”(视觉信息时代) (1929 年，英国 发明家贝尔德发明的电视成功播放了运动物体图像。) 13. computer science (计算机科学) PC is shortened from Personal Computer, also called desktop computer. It was first develop by two amateur inventors and was mainly meant for computing. But today, the most widespread use of the PC is for word processing and communications. The central part of a computer where the transistors(晶体管) are incorporated (合成一体) together with no wiring is called chip(芯片).The most well-know computer companies are IBM and Apple. Now the largest software company is Microsoft whose director is Bill Gates. 14. rocketry (火箭技术) Robert Hutchings Goddard（罗伯特·哈金斯·戈达德 1882－1945）：He is the founder of modern rocketry technology (现代火箭技术). He was the first to launch liquid propellant missiles（发射用液体作 推动剂的导弹）。(Rocketry is an example of results of military research and development used for peacetime activities. Its most important contributions to our present lives is from communication satellites.) 15. nuclear energy (核能): 1) possibly the most significant technology of the latter part of 20th century; 2) applications in nuclear medicine (在核医学中的运用); 3) to generate electricity (发电)