Unit 13 Irish Culture:How the Irish Live Now 爱尔兰的文化：爱尔兰人的生活现状 一、本单元重点内容 1.Rapid social change(快速的杜会变迁) 2.Attitudes to the English(对英国人的老度) 3lris动identity(爱尔兰特色) 4.The Roman Catholic values(罗马天主教价值观) 5.The conflict between Catholics and Pro过ants《天主教徒与新教徒之间的冲突) 6.Exterded family(大家庭) 7.The woman's movement(妇女运动 &.Pub culture(酒吧文化) 9 Flexibility in work places(工作场所的弹性制度) 10.Trade union(工会) Il.Firw-leel,second-level,and third-level education(初等、中等和高等教有) 二、本单元重、难点辅导 I.Rapid social change(快速的社会变迁) 1)The average young person in Ireland today would have grown up wth rapid social change.For example,the change of the law of primogeniture长子推承权)and girls in theI9s0sndi96 Os were not urged to get a university education,but now the majority of Irish people can aspire to attend university,find a good job. 2)The law of primogemiture is the traditional law in Ireland that favors the first born (son)that is only the first son in the family has the right to inherit the properties.be t land or house.of the family when the father dies. 3)The child whose life differs least for that of his parents is one born into Ireland's underelass those of the chronical小y unemployed与父母生活方式差异最小的儿童来自下层，即长期失业的人们， 2.Some of the cultural differences between Ireland and England (爱尔兰和英格兰之间的文化差异) 1)While the English are largely Procestant,the Irish of the Republic largely belong to the Roman Catholic faith.2)While the English speak English.the first official language of the Irish Republic is the Irish language.3)While England is an industrialized country.Ireland is only now leaving behind its traditional rural ecoomy(爱尔兰才似刚摆脱其传统的农业经济)，4)While the Engl动are still very self-abeorbed in being English,the Irish have consiously become more European. 1
1 Unit 13 Irish Culture: How the Irish Live Now 爱尔兰的文化：爱尔兰人的生活现状 一、本单元重点内容 1. Rapid social change (快速的社会变迁) 2. Attitudes to the English （对英国人的态度） 3. Irish identity (爱尔兰特色) 4. The Roman Catholic values (罗马天主教价值观) 5. The conflict between Catholics and Protestants （天主教徒与新教徒之间的冲突） 6. Extended family (大家庭) 7. The woman’s movement (妇女运动) 8. Pub culture (酒吧文化) 9. Flexibility in work places (工作场所的弹性制度) 10. Trade union (工会) 11. First-level, second-level, and third-level education (初等、中等和高等教育) 二、本单元重、难点辅导 1. Rapid social change (快速的社会变迁) 1) The average young person in Ireland today would have grown up with rapid social change. For example, the change of the law of primogeniture(长子继承权) and girls in the 1950s and 1960s were not urged to get a university education, but now the majority of Irish people can aspire to attend university, find a good job. 2) The law of primogeniture is the traditional law in Ireland that favors the first born (son), that is only the first son in the family has the right to inherit the properties, be it land or house, of the family when the father dies. 3) The child whose life differs least for that of his parents is one born into Ireland’s underclass, those of the chronically unemployed. 与父母生活方式差异最小的儿童来自下层，即长期失业的人们。 2. Some of the cultural differences between Ireland and England (爱尔兰和英格兰之间的文化差异) 1) While the English are largely Protestant, the Irish of the Republic largely belong to the Roman Catholic faith. 2) While the English speak English, the first official language of the Irish Republic is the Irish language. 3) While England is an industrialized country, Ireland is only now leaving behind its traditional rural economy（爱尔兰才刚刚摆脱其传统的农业经济）. 4) While the English are still very self-absorbed in being English, the Irish have consciously become more European
3.Atit和des to the English(对英国人的态度) Ireland has a love/hate attitude towurd the English,where admiration and condemnation of the English ohan心im-hand.爱尔兰对英国人是又爱又鼠的志度，对莫国人的软氟与数评并行。 A.The British stereotypes about the Irish(英国人对爱尔兰人的偏见) For centuries,the British caricatured the Irish as,at best,dreamy and impractical.at worst.lazy and given to drinking in excess.These stereotypes are still in force about the Irish.However,it is clear,from Ireland's recent dazzling cconomie success.that the Irish are neither lazy nor incompetent Quite the opposite:the Irish workforce is now young.highly educated,entreprencurial,and disciplined. 5 The Roman Catholic values(罗马天主教价值观) Irish Catholicism concentrated on what it saw as matters of sexual purity.These attitudes greatly shaped the attitude of the new republic.The Catholie Church also exereised a firm hold owver educioeal structures,over hospitals,over the media,and over the way people thought about themselves and their lives This began to change only after the late 1970s. Birth control was effectively forbidden even to married couples until 1979,neither divorce nor abortion was legally available.The final blow to the Catholic Church came in a referendum in 1995,when the Irish people voted for the legal provision of divorce,against which the Roman Church had fought a 10 g and hard batte对天主教会最后的打击是19防年的公民投票，赞成从法律上允许离婚。而这是 罗马天主教会长期以米强瓶反对的： 6.The conflict between Catholies and Protestants(天主教徒与新教徒之间的冲突) Catholics believe that the Popeeaks with the hority of Christ himself,as his own representative on earth.This claim of supreme authority for the Pope is the distinguishing characteristic of Roma Catholicism Protestants are those who"protest"against this claim.Protestants challenge the right of the Pope to tell them what to believe or to act as God's representative on earth Protestants believe that they themselves have direct access to God through prayer and study of God's word in the Christian sacred book,the Bible. They feel they should be free to work out what they believe themselves T.Extended family(大家庭) Traditionally.Irish families were large,with up to 16 or more children.families of 8 or 9 children common in the last generation.What has changed dramatically in the last 30 years has been the structure of Irish family life Now about 1/3 of all children are born into to single mothers The primary agent in effecting change in traditional family life has been the mowvement for women's liberation(改变传统家庭生 活模式的一个主要原因来自妇女解放运动 8.The woman's movement(妇女运动) Inauguralod (in the early 1970s the women's movement concentraled first on gaining control of their own fertilit生育控制t权).demanding brth control divorce.and the rig直to have an abortion if
2 3. Attitudes to the English （对英国人的态度） Ireland has a love/hate attitude toward the English, where admiration and condemnation of the English go hand-in-hand. 爱尔兰对英国人是又爱又恨的态度，对英国人的钦佩与批评并行。 4. The British stereotypes about the Irish （英国人对爱尔兰人的偏见） For centuries, the British caricatured the Irish as, at best, dreamy and impractical; at worst, lazy and given to drinking in excess. These stereotypes are still in force about the Irish. However, it is clear, from Ireland's recent dazzling economic success, that the Irish are neither lazy nor incompetent. Quite the opposite: the Irish workforce is now young, highly educated, entrepreneurial, and disciplined. 5. The Roman Catholic values (罗马天主教价值观) Irish Catholicism concentrated on what it saw as matters of sexual purity. These attitudes greatly shaped the attitude of the new republic. The Catholic Church also exercised a firm hold over educational structures, over hospitals, over the media, and over the way people thought about themselves and their lives. This began to change only after the late 1970s. Birth control was effectively forbidden even to married couples until 1979; neither divorce nor abortion was legally available. The final blow to the Catholic Church came in a referendum in 1995, when the Irish people voted for the legal provision of divorce, against which the Roman Church had fought a long and hard battle. 对天主教会最后的打击是 1995 年的公民投票，赞成从法律上允许离婚，而这是 罗马天主教会长期以来强烈反对的。 6. The conflict between Catholics and Protestants (天主教徒与新教徒之间的冲突) Catholics believe that the Pope speaks with the authority of Christ himself, as his own representative on earth. This claim of supreme authority for the Pope is the distinguishing characteristic of Roman Catholicism. Protestants are those who “protest” against this claim. Protestants challenge the right of the Pope to tell them what to believe or to act as God’s representative on earth. Protestants believe that they themselves have direct access to God through prayer and study of God’s word in the Christian sacred book, the Bible. They feel they should be free to work out what they believe themselves. 7. Extended family (大家庭) Traditionally, Irish families were large, with up to 16 or more children, families of 8 or 9 children common in the last generation. What has changed dramatically in the last 30 years has been the structure of Irish family life. Now about 1/3 of all children are born into to single mothers. The primary agent in effecting change in traditional family life has been the movement for women’s liberation(改变传统家庭生 活模式的一个主要原因来自妇女解放运动). 8. The woman’s movement (妇女运动) Inaugurated (始于) in the early 1970s, the women's movement concentrated first on gaining control of their own fertility(生育控制权), demanding birth control, divorce, and the right to have an abortion if
necessary.The first two goals have been achieved over a span of about twerty years,but abortion is still legally forbidden in the Republie of Ireland and is still regarded as a highly emotional topic.The second objective wus to secure the right of women,and that of particularly mamried women,to work Today,about half of the women of Ireland of working age hold down full-time jobs 9.Pub Culture(酒吧文化) In common with British society.the Irish recognize the pub as a place to gather to meet frends and neighbors on an informal basis In rural areas in particular,the pub functions as a kind of informal community center.Butpub culture"is also held responsible for Ireland's considerable drink problem. Ia.Work Culture(职业文化) )Flexibility in work places(工作务所的弹性制度) The Irish work style is informal and they pay less attention to schedules than to completing a task There is a little division in an Irish person's life between his work and his social life.An Irish worker will know a great deal about the personal life of his or her fellow workers 2 Trade union工会) Trade Unions are widely recognized in Ireland and many workers pay to become members.knowing this provides them with some protection in an uncertain marketplace. 11.Education 40)cars ago,.almost34 of existing schools were"confessional"气教a深的-lhmi,aociated with one Christian sect or anther.After 1960,the participation in sccond level education rose from about 45%to 90%.Today the Irish educationall system is among the cheapest and best in Europe.In Ireland education is compulsory for children aged 6 to 15. )Structure:Firm-level,econd-level,nd third-level education(初等、中等和高等教们 2)Lai吧Certificates(毕业考试) Second-level education in Ireland has two cycles.The junior cycle is a three-year course leading to a series of exams that result in the awarding of the Junior certificate.Most students stay on for the senioe cyele which consists of a two-year course leading to the awarding of the Leaving Certificate.the basic qualification for admission to third level (higher)education.At the end of the senior cycle,all students take the Leaving Certificate exams,set hy the Department of Educntion which are uniform for all students 3)The 4 Universities in the Ireland ①The National University of reland(NUL:爱尔兰国立大学一一都粕林国立大学(UCD University College,.Dublin入.将努斯国立大学(UCM:University Colleg,Maynooth)、高威国立大学 (UCG.University College,Gwy),科克国立大学(UCC.University College,Cork)原同属于爱尔 兰国立大National University of Ireland中的四所学院，现已经成为相对鞋立的大学，但仍沿用爱 尔兰国立大学的名称，即：。 ②University of Dublin,Trinity College Dublin(TCD都柏林大学圣三一学院)
3 necessary. The first two goals have been achieved over a span of about twenty years, but abortion is still legally forbidden in the Republic of Ireland and is still regarded as a highly emotional topic. The second objective was to secure the right of women, and that of particularly married women, to work. Today, about half of the women of Ireland of working age hold down full-time jobs. 9. Pub Culture (酒吧文化) In common with British society, the Irish recognize the pub as a place to gather to meet friends and neighbors on an informal basis. In rural areas in particular, the pub functions as a kind of informal community center. But “pub culture” is also held responsible for Ireland’s considerable drink problem. 10. Work Culture (职业文化) 1) Flexibility in work places (工作场所的弹性制度) The Irish work style is informal and they pay less attention to schedules than to completing a task. There is a little division in an Irish person’s life between his work and his social life. An Irish worker will know a great deal about the personal life of his or her fellow workers. 2) Trade union (工会) Trade Unions are widely recognized in Ireland and many workers pay to become members, knowing this provides them with some protection in an uncertain marketplace. 11. Education 40 years ago, almost 3/4 of existing schools were “confessional”(教派的)---that is, associated with one Christian sect or anther. After 1960, the participation in second level education rose from about 45% to 90%. Today the Irish educational system is among the cheapest and best in Europe. In Ireland, education is compulsory for children aged 6 to 15. 1) Structure: First-level, second-level, and third-level education (初等、中等和高等教育) 2) Leaving Certificates（毕业考试） Second-level education in Ireland has two cycles. The junior cycle is a three-year course leading to a series of exams that result in the awarding of the Junior certificate. Most students stay on for the senior cycle which consists of a two-year course leading to the awarding of the Leaving Certificate, the basic qualification for admission to third 1eve1 (higher) education. At the end of the senior cycle, all students take the Leaving Certificate exams, set by the Department of Education which are uniform for all students 3) The 4 Universities in the Ireland ①The National University of Ireland (NUI: 爱尔兰国立大学)——都柏林国立大学（UCD: University College, Dublin）、梅努斯国立大学（UCM: University College, Maynooth）、高威国立大学 （UCG: University College, Galway）、科克国立大学（UCC: University College, Cork）原同属于爱尔 兰国立大学(National University of Ireland)中的四所学院，现已经成为相对独立的大学，但仍沿用爱 尔兰国立大学的名称，即：NUI。 ② University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin （TCD: 都柏林大学圣三一学院）
③University of Limerick (UL利默里克大学) ④Dublin City University(DCU:都柏林城市大学) 4
4 ③ University of Limerick (UL: 利默里克大学) ④ Dublin City University (DCU: 都柏林城市大学)