天津开放大学文本第10单元教学辅导_英语国家概况（1）.doc_大学文库

A more gentle sport played by people in early summer It was invented in Britain and owes its origins to the church.As early as the mid-fifteenth century,people were playing a game called "temys"around their local churches or cathedrals The most famous tennis event in the world the anrl international tennis championships,takes place in Wimbledon every year.There are also a lot of social activities during the "Wimbledon fortnight". Wimbledom()is a suburb in London.It is the place where the world's best players gather to compete in the annuall international tennis championship.It is one of the major events of the British sporting calendar and probably the most famous tennis event in the world There are a lot of other social activities aociated with "Wimbledon fortnight",such as cating strawberries and cream,drinking champagne and hoping that it doesn't rain. 3.Cricket A most popular sport in summer.It was also one of the very first team sports in Britain to have organize过ules and to be plaryed according to the same rules nationally(板球是英国最早有统一线则，并且全国道守同一规则进行比赛的罢休体育运动项目之一）Asea中ys1T87,the rules were fixed It is a quite distinctive sport in mamy ways-1)the players wear white trousers and appear quite formally dressed; 2)matches do not last just a few hours and they can go on for days-and has much influence on British people's life.Cricket is ofen believed to be associated with a set of English moral values such as "fair ply气光明正大的志度、行为) 4.golf A game invened by the Scoctish.And there is a world tamous golf course in St Andrews,near Edinburgh By the 16 C.golf was already very popular in Scocland and royall members like Mary Queen of Scots took great interest in it. 5.horsy sp0r店 1).horse racing The true royal sport in Britain is horse racing Organized national horse races have been held throughout Britain for hundreds of years There are two kinds of horse racing flat racingr平地容马)d eeplechas对ng(越野障骨赛马》，he Grand Natioe型（一年一度在英国利物浦#行的越野障骨赛马）is the world's most famous steeplechase.And there is also the biggest social event associated with horse cg:the Roval Aso凶每年6月在英国伯克啊斯科特赛马场举行的为期4天的赛马会，是英国最重要的赛马会之一，王室成员参加)： 2 equestrianism(骑马术3：another horsy sport associated with the a1goy.It can imol小ve riding skills such as jumping and carriage driving.as well as speed.(Princess Anne likes it.) Holidays and Festivals: 1.Religious Holidays

2 A more gentle sport played by people in early summer. It was invented in Britain and owes its origins to the church. As early as the mid-fifteenth century, people were playing a game called “tenys” around their local churches or cathedrals. The most famous tennis event in the world, the annual international tennis championships, takes place in Wimbledon every year. There are also a lot of social activities during the “Wimbledon fortnight”. Wimbledon(温布尔登): is a suburb in London. It is the place where the world’s best players gather to compete in the annual international tennis championship. It is one of the major events of the British sporting calendar and probably the most famous tennis event in the world. There are a lot of other social activities associated with “Wimbledon fortnight”, such as eating strawberries and cream, drinking champagne and hoping that it doesn’t rain. 3. Cricket A most popular sport in summer. It was also one of the very first team sports in Britain to have organized rules and to be played according to the same rules nationally.(板球是英国最早有统一规则, 并且全国遵守同一规则进行比赛的罢休体育运动项目之一) As early as 1787, the rules were fixed. It is a quite distinctive sport in many ways—1) the players wear white trousers and appear quite formally dressed; 2) matches do not last just a few hours and they can go on for days— and has much influence on British people’s life. Cricket is often believed to be associated with a set of English moral values such as “fair play”(光明正大的态度、行为). 4. golf A game invented by the Scottish. And there is a world famous golf course in St Andrews, near Edinburgh. By the 16th C., golf was already very popular in Scotland and royal members like Mary Queen of Scots took great interest in it. 5. horsy sports 1). horse racing The true royal sport in Britain is horse racing. Organized national horse races have been held throughout Britain for hundreds of years. There are two kinds of horse racing: flat racing(平地赛马) and steeplechasing（越野障碍赛马）. The Grand National (一年一度在英国利物浦举行的越野障碍赛马) is the world’s most famous steeplechase. And there is also the biggest social event associated with horse racing: the Royal Ascot(每年 6 月在英国伯克郡阿斯科特赛马场举行的为期 4 天的赛马会，是英国最重要的赛马会之一，王室成员参加)。 2). equestrianism (骑马术): another horsy sport associated with the aristocracy. It can involve riding skills such as jumping and carriage driving, as well as speed. (Princess Anne likes it.) Holidays and Festivals: 1. Religious Holidays

Most of the world's religions are practiced in Britain.with sizeable Hindu()Muslim and Sikh (印度锡克教眼工)communities and many smaller groups 1).Christian festivals Christmas the biggest and the most popular British holiday celebrated on December 25each year to commemorate the birth of Jesus Christ.People usually decorate homes with evergreen plants,Christmas trees and omaments.They aso exchange gifts and Christmas cards.Three typical British traditions on hristmas are:the Chris过nas Pantomime至E靠话).the Qucen's speech0 ver the television and radio. and the Boxing D马y(节礼日) the Christmas Pamomime:a typical British Christmas tradition.It is a comical musical play usually based on a popular traditionl children's story.There are two main characters in the play:"the principal boy”,played by a young wom,and"the Dame”(滑格老太婆角色》，ed by a man.tisa play with songs and jokes which can be enjoyed by both adults and children Boxing Day:a typical British tradition celebrated on the day after Christmas.People used to give Christmas gifts or money to their statf or servants on this day.And now they mootly do shopping.pay visits enjoy cating or just relax. Easter(the first Sundary following the full moon that oocurs on or next after March2L.复活节3月 21日或其后月满之后的第一个星期天).This festival occurs in the spring which commemor瑞she crucifixio钉死在十字果上nd resurrection(复话)of Jesus Chris域.It is the m城mportan Chris过ia festival for many church-goers.The Easter egg.ariginally a Christian symbol of new life,is the main symbol of Easter for most people.Rahbits and chicks are also animals traditionally associated with Easter and widely appear in chocolate form around this time. 2).Islamic festival Ramadan斋月a traditioeal Isamic festival,.afag(蔡食)which lasts29 days during which nothing can be eaten or drunk between dawn and nightfall,and ends with a festival 2.national holidays The Queen's birthdiry (one of Britain's most impressive and colorful festivals)celebrated officially on the 2Saturdary in June by"Trooping the Colour" Trooping the Colour:an official celebration for the Qucen's Birthday on the 2 Saturdany in June around Buckingham Palace in London.This ceremony of the Queen inspecting her troops derives from old military tradinons in which regimental()flags were paraded before the monarch.Early in Victoria's 1819-1901)reign,it was decided that this ceremony should be held on the sovereign's birthday 3.holidays in England Bonfire Night/Guy Fawkes Night(藩火之夜/福克斯之夜)a中English holidy celebraed on November5.It originates from the I6O5 Gunpowder P刊ot(火药闲i谋事件一a plan to blow up the British Parliament.kill the Prote King and replace him with a Catholic king People celebrate it by having

3 *Most of the world’s religions are practiced in Britain, with sizeable Hindu(印度教), Muslim and Sikh （印度锡克教职工）communities and many smaller groups 1). Christian festivals Christmas: the biggest and the most popular British holiday celebrated on December 25th each year to commemorate the birth of Jesus Christ. People usually decorate homes with evergreen plants, Christmas trees and ornaments. They also exchange gifts and Christmas cards. Three typical British traditions on Christmas are: the Christmas Pantomime(圣诞童话剧), the Queen’s speech over the television and radio, and the Boxing Day（节礼日）. ① the Christmas Pantomime: a typical British Christmas tradition. It is a comical musical play usually based on a popular traditional children’s story. There are two main characters in the play: “the principal boy”, played by a young woman, and “the Dame”（滑稽老太婆角色）, played by a man. It is a play with songs and jokes which can be enjoyed by both adults and children. ②Boxing Day: a typical British tradition celebrated on the day after Christmas. People used to give Christmas gifts or money to their staff or servants on this day. And now they mostly do shopping, pay visits, enjoy eating or just relax. Easter (the first Sunday following the full moon that occurs on or next after March 21. 复活节 3 月 21 日或其后月满之后的第一个星期天). This festival occurs in the spring, which commemorates the crucifixion(钉死在十字架上)and resurrection (复活) of Jesus Christ. It is the most important Christian festival for many church-goers. The Easter egg, originally a Christian symbol of new life, is the main symbol of Easter for most people. Rabbits and chicks are also animals traditionally associated with Easter and widely appear in chocolate form around this time. 2). Islamic festival Ramadan(斋月): a traditional Islamic festival, a fast (禁食) which lasts 29 days during which nothing can be eaten or drunk between dawn and nightfall, and ends with a festival 2. national holidays The Queen’s birthday (one of Britain’s most impressive and colorful festivals) celebrated officially on the 2nd Saturday in June by “Trooping the Colour” Trooping the Colour: an official celebration for the Queen’s Birthday on the 2nd Saturday in June around Buckingham Palace in London. This ceremony of the Queen inspecting her troops derives from old military traditions in which regimental(团的) flags were paraded before the monarch. Early in Victoria’s(英国女王 1819-1901) reign, it was decided that this ceremony should be held on the sovereign’s birthday. 3. holidays in England Bonfire Night /Guy Fawkes Night (篝火之夜/福克斯之夜): a truly English holiday celebrated on November 5. It originates from the 1605 Gunpowder Plot (火药阴谋事件)—a plan to blow up the British Parliament, kill the Protestant King and replace him with a Catholic king. People celebrate it by having

public bonfires and fireworks.A straw effigy called the "Guy"(one of the conspirator Guy Fawkes)is thrown0 n the bonfire..The biggest Bonfire Night celebration is held in Lewes(刻易斯：英格兰东南部城市) 4.holidays in Northern Ireland 1)the Orange March:Protestant celebration of their victory(William of Orange)over the exile Catholic king James II at the Battle of the Boyne(博因战段I2 July]in I690 This victory symbolizes the Protestant"right"to be in Ireland and the defeat of Catholicism as the national religion.On this day,the Protestant"Orangemen'气奥伦流会会员，1795年成立)march through the streets,vearing their traditioeal uniform.They sometimes will clash with the Catholic bystanders 2)St Patrick's Day:it is on March_17 each year,when northern Irish Catholies celebrate the birthday of the patron saint of lreland,St Patrick who was a Catholic bishop who lived in 54C.and is thought to hanve brought Christianity to Ireland.drove snakes out of Ireland,and used shamrock(三叶草，爱尔兰的国花)to explain the Christian Trinity一the Father,Son,and Holy Spirit(圣父，圣子，圣灵合成一神So,the shamrock is a popular symbol to wear on St Patrick's Day.and it is also considered very lucky to wear something green 5.holidays in Scotland )Hoz国nay(苏格兰的除夕，I2月3引日)，in which one widely practiced custom is"fir过footing first footing a custom practiced on Hogmanay in Scotland.There is a superstitious belief that the first person to cross the threshold of a houschold in the New Year can bring luck and prosperity.First-footers often bring a bottle of spirits(烈酒。火酒.alcohol.a lump of coal or a pes(泥炭块)as a gift and are given a"dram(一杯)of whisky”as their reward 2)the Burns Night:a celebration by Scottish people on the evening of the birthday (25 January of their most beloved national poet,Robert Bur色Poople celebrate it with suppers of hagg变（肉陌羊肚）and whisky and Burn's poems are recited throughout the evening 3)Hallowcen(万圣节前夜：3引Oo6er)nd traditions It is a Scottish festival celebrated on 31 October cach year.Communion(with the dead. mihc恶作.foue-telling算偷)nd masquerades化妆舞会are common practices.Some of the other customs are"turnip”lantern for children and girks using magic spells to see into future(月咒语占卜未米) 6.holidays in Wales Eisteddfod(一年一度的威尔土诗歌音乐比赛会)：ap心pl证festival of music-making and poetry-writing in Augus each year to celebrate the Welsh culture and language.During the festival. competitions are held to find the best choirs,translators,exaryists and pocts.The highlight is the crowning of the two bards who have written the best poems of the festival

4 public bonfires and fireworks. A straw effigy called the “Guy”(one of the conspirator Guy Fawkes) is thrown on the bonfire. The biggest Bonfire Night celebration is held in Lewes (刘易斯：英格兰东南部城市) 4. holidays in Northern Ireland 1) the Orange March: Protestant celebration of their victory(William of Orange) over the exile Catholic king James II at the Battle of the Boyne (博因战役)(12 July) in 1690. This victory symbolizes the Protestant “right” to be in Ireland and the defeat of Catholicism as the national religion. On this day, the Protestant “Orangemen”(奥伦治会会员，1795 年成立) march through the streets, wearing their traditional uniform. They sometimes will clash with the Catholic bystanders. 2) St Patrick’s Day: it is on March 17 each year, when northern Irish Catholics celebrate the birthday of the patron saint of Ireland, St Patrick who was a Catholic bishop who lived in 5th C. and is thought to have brought Christianity to Ireland; drove snakes out of Ireland, and used shamrock (三叶草，爱尔兰的国花) to explain the Christian Trinity— the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit (圣父、圣子、圣灵合成一神). So, the shamrock is a popular symbol to wear on St Patrick’s Day, and it is also considered very lucky to wear something green. 5. holidays in Scotland 1) Hogmanay (苏格兰的除夕,12 月 31 日), in which one widely practiced custom is “first footing” first footing: a custom practiced on Hogmanay in Scotland. There is a superstitious belief that the first person to cross the threshold of a household in the New Year can bring luck and prosperity. First-footers often bring a bottle of spirits (烈酒，火酒), alcohol, a lump of coal or a peat（泥炭块） as a gift and are given a “dram (一杯) of whisky” as their reward. 2) the Burns Night: a celebration by Scottish people on the evening of the birthday (25 January ) of their most beloved national poet, Robert Burns. People celebrate it with suppers of haggis (肉陷羊肚)and whisky and Burn’s poems are recited throughout the evening. 3) Halloween (万圣节前夜:31 October) and traditions It is a Scottish festival celebrated on 31 October each year. Communion(交流)with the dead, mischief(恶作剧), fortune-telling(算命) and masquerades 化妆舞会 are common practices. Some of the other customs are “turnip” lantern for children and girls using magic spells to see into future(用咒语占卜未来) 6. holidays in Wales Eisteddfod (一年一度的威尔士诗歌音乐比赛会)：a popular festival of music-making and poetry-writing in August each year to celebrate the Welsh culture and language. During the festival, competitions are held to find the best choirs, translators, essayists and poets. The highlight is the crowning of the two bards who have written the best poems of the festival

天津开放大学 文本 第10单元教学辅导_英语国家概况（1）

天津开放大学文本第10单元教学辅导_英语国家概况（1）