天津开放大学文本第12单元教学辅导_英语国家概况（2）

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The United States of America 1 Unit 12 The Women’s Liberation Movement in America (美国的妇女解放运动) 一、本单元重点内容 I. the first wave of the American Women’s Movement (美国妇女解放运动的第一次浪潮) 1. Seneca Falls convention in 1848(1848 年的 “塞尼卡瀑布城大会”), Lucretia Mott (卢克丽霞·莫特) and Elizabeth Cady Stanton (伊莉萨白·凯蒂·斯坦顿) 2. The Seneca Falls Declaration (“塞尼卡瀑布城宣言”) 3. improvements in the conditions of women’s lives in the 20th century (20 世纪妇女生活条件的改善) II. the second wave of the American Women’s Movement (美国妇女运动的第二次浪潮) 1． Betty Friedan (贝蒂弗·里丹) 2． Women’s Movement in the 1960s’ (20 世纪 60 年的妇女运动) 3． NOW (全国妇女组织) III．the backlash against Feminism (对女权主义的强烈抵制) IV. current status of American women (当今美国妇女的地位) 二、本单元重、难点辅导 I. the first wave of the American Women’s Movement (美国妇女解放运动的第一次浪潮) * From its beginning, the women's movement was inextricably entwined with the Civil Rights movement（黑人民权运动）. Both movements represent greatest peaceful successful mass movements. Many of the arguments used by white men to maintain the institution of slavery also applied to keeping women in their place. Both Negroes and women were described as inferior and therefore needing mastery, but in fact, they were unhappy under the domination of masters. 1. Seneca Falls convention in 1848(1848 年的 “塞尼卡瀑布城大会”), Lucretia Mott (卢克丽霞·莫特) and Elizabeth Cady Stanton (伊莉萨白·凯蒂·斯坦顿) The first pressure to change the status of women arose from a small meeting called to consider the “social, civil, and religious condition and rights of women” which assembled at the Wesleyan Chapel (卫斯理宗教堂) in Seneca Falls (塞尼卡瀑布城) in upstate New York (纽约的北部地区) in 1848. The only advertised speaker at the meeting was Lucretia Mott (卢克丽霞·莫特：废奴主义者、社会改革家及女权倡议者，受过良好的教育，当过教师、牧师), who was already an experienced anti-slavery campaigner

The United States of America The impelling force behind the conference was Elizabeth Cady Stanton(伊莉涉自·凯著·斯坦领：美国社会活动家、废奴主义者、妇女运动的领先人物之一，受过正规的枚们.This meeting wus regarded as the beginning of the first wave of the Women's Liberation Movement in America 2.The Semeca Falls Declaration(“塞尼卡潭布被宣言) At the Seneca Falls gathering.Elizabeth Cady Stanton drafted and read The Seneca Falls Declaration. It was passed by a narrow margin thanks to the firm support and defense by Frederick Douglas弗雷德里克-道格拉斯，awel-known abolitionis过废复主义者.The Seneca Falls Declaration is now regarded as the single most important document of the 19th-century American woman's movement.Using the Declaration of Independence as a model,it marks the first call for systematic rights for women along the lines of those aready available to white men. 3.improvements in the comditions of women'3 lives in the20 century(20世纪妇女生话条件的改牌) In the late 1860s the refusall of Republican Party leaders to include provisions explicitly protecting women in the Reconstruction amendments to the Con过iui单（重建时期的光法修正案led to the founding of an independent women's suffrage organization The Nineteenth Amendment firally granted women the righ址tov0em1920.1920年批准的第十九条完法修正案终于赋予了妇女选举权。 1)Labor-saving devices such as washing machines and refrigerators,electric stoves and vacuum ceaners made housework casier and less tedious 2)In the late 1950s.the conditions of American women were generally improved:they had better education:they spent less time making food and clothes at home.their families owned their own houses in the suburhs.However,they hadn't more job opportunities than their mothers'generation. L.hes较cond wave of the American Women's Movement(美国妇女运动的第二次液海) I.Betty Friedan(贝蒂弗·里丹： Betty Frieda was a journalist When she was sent out by her magazine to interview fellow classmates. graduates of a leading women's college.she was astonished at what she heard.Despite an overall improvement of their conditions,these women were unhappy.In 1963 she published her book Femune Aige《女性的奥移》，in which she analyzed the problems of women.Her book is considered a landmark work for Women's Liberation Movement..《女性的奥移)被认为引发了60年代妇女运动的第二次藻游。 2,Women's Mevement in the1960g'(20世纪60年的妇女运动 *During the 1940s.it was necessary for women to take over the jobs in factories left vacant by men who went off to fight the war.Mary women did well in their work.But after the war,women had to give jobs hack to men and stayed at home,so they were unhappy and felt that their good education did no good to them. 2

The United States of America 2 The impelling force behind the conference was Elizabeth Cady Stanton (伊莉莎白·凯蒂·斯坦顿：美国社会活动家、废奴主义者、妇女运动的领先人物之一，受过正规的教育). This meeting was regarded as the beginning of the first wave of the Women’s Liberation Movement in America. 2. The Seneca Falls Declaration (“塞尼卡瀑布城宣言”) At the Seneca Falls gathering, Elizabeth Cady Stanton drafted and read The Seneca Falls Declaration. It was passed by a narrow margin thanks to the firm support and defense by Frederick Douglas 弗雷德里克·道格拉斯, a well-known abolitionist 废奴主义者. The Seneca Falls Declaration is now regarded as the single most important document of the 19th-century American woman’s movement. Using the Declaration of Independence as a model, it marks the first call for systematic rights for women along the lines of those already available to white men. 3. improvements in the conditions of women’s lives in the 20th century (20 世纪妇女生活条件的改善) * In the late 1860s the refusal of Republican Party leaders to include provisions explicitly protecting women in the Reconstruction amendments to the Constitution (重建时期的宪法修正案)led to the founding of an independent women’s suffrage organization. The Nineteenth Amendment finally granted women the right to vote in 1920. 1920 年批准的第十九条宪法修正案终于赋予了妇女选举权。 1) Labor-saving devices such as washing machines and refrigerators, electric stoves and vacuum cleaners made housework easier and less tedious. 2) In the late 1950s, the conditions of American women were generally improved: they had better education; they spent less time making food and clothes at home; their families owned their own houses in the suburbs. However, they hadn’t more job opportunities than their mothers' generation. II. the second wave of the American Women’s Movement (美国妇女运动的第二次浪潮) 1． Betty Friedan (贝蒂弗·里丹)： Betty Frieda was a journalist. When she was sent out by her magazine to interview fellow classmates, graduates of a leading women’s college, she was astonished at what she heard. Despite an overall improvement of their conditions, these women were unhappy. In 1963 she published her book Feminine Mystique《女性的奥秘》, in which she analyzed the problems of women. Her book is considered a landmark work for Women’s Liberation Movement. 《女性的奥秘》被认为引发了 60 年代妇女运动的第二次浪潮。 2． Women’s Movement in the 1960s’ (20 世纪 60 年的妇女运动) *During the 1940s, it was necessary for women to take over the jobs in factories left vacant by men who went off to fight the war. Many women did well in their work. But after the war, women had to give jobs back to men and stayed at home, so they were unhappy and felt that their good education did no good to them

The United States of America From the 1960s onward.learming from the tactics of the great black leader.Martin Luther King.Jr.. feminists held peaceful demonstratioes and sit-ins静坐，initialed letter campaigns发起信访运动o their politicians and organi2 ed voting山ivcy得来速投票亭 3.NOW(全国妇女超织) The Afro-American people set up the National for the Advancement of Colored people (NACCP)In imitating this effective body women founded their own organization:The National Organization for Women (NOW)in 1966.The membership of NOW was mostly white.married.and middle class.A younger and far more radical sector of women created small "consciousness-raising"groups in every community.These groups sought to bind women together in a new ideological vision of how their lives could be remade outside of traditional gender roles.They were more radical than their differences,these different branches of the women's movement helped to bring about massive change in attitudes toward the role of women in American society ,he backlash against Feminism(对女权主义的强烈抵制 Massive social change leads,inevitably,to a reaction By the early 1970s a reputable survey charts how,over the last seventy years,the rise in women's employment imvdvement in feminist activity and marital instability all tended to converge By the time of the 1980 election of the Republican president, Ronald Reagan.the bocklash against feminism was in full swing.The backlash was officially acknowledged in the watchword of the Reagan and succeeding presidencies in campaign for a return to fmi山yues IV.current status of American women(当今美国妇女的地位) Tody about 75%of women in America are reported as employed.However,in contrast to many European countries,few work places in America have implemented such family-fendly policies as flexible working hours or subsidized child-care. In the current political climate,other hard-won victories for women are also under threat Today's American woman can expect a marriage which,more than ever before,is conducted between equals.If the hushand and wife both decide to share the burden of housework and childcare,that would now be the norm

The United States of America 3 From the 1960s onward, learning from the tactics of the great black leader, Martin Luther King, Jr., feminists held peaceful demonstrations and sit-ins 静坐, initiated letter campaigns 发起信访运动 to their politicians and organized voting drives 得来速投票亭. 3． NOW (全国妇女组织) The Afro-American people set up the National for the Advancement of Colored people (NACCP). In imitating this effective body, women founded their own organization: The National Organization for Women (NOW) in 1966. The membership of NOW was mostly white, married, and middle class. A younger and far more radical sector of women created small “consciousness-raising” groups in every community. These groups sought to bind women together in a new ideological vision of how their lives could be remade outside of traditional gender roles. They were more radical than their differences, these different branches of the women’s movement helped to bring about massive change in attitudes toward the role of women in American society. III．the backlash against Feminism (对女权主义的强烈抵制) Massive social change leads, inevitably, to a reaction. By the early 1970s, a reputable survey charts how, over the last seventy years, the rise in women’s employment, involvement in feminist activity and marital instability all tended to converge. By the time of the 1980 election of the Republican president, Ronald Reagan, the backlash against feminism was in full swing. The backlash was officially acknowledged in the watchword of the Reagan and succeeding presidencies in campaign for a return to family values IV. current status of American women (当今美国妇女的地位) Today about 75% of women in America are reported as employed. However, in contrast to many European countries, few work places in America have implemented such family-friendly policies as flexible working hours or subsidized child-care. In the current political climate, other hard-won victories for women are also under threat. Today’s American woman can expect a marriage which, more than ever before, is conducted between equals. If the husband and wife both decide to share the burden of housework and childcare, that would now be the norm

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天津开放大学文本第12单元教学辅导_英语国家概况（2）

天津开放大学 文本 第12单元教学辅导_英语国家概况（2）

天津开放大学文本第12单元教学辅导_英语国家概况（2）