Unit 16 Australian Cultural Life(澳大利亚的文化生活) 一、本单元重点内容 1.Protestantism and The Dreaming(新教和梦创信仰） 2.Fundamentalism(原教肯主义) 3Nan-hri试ian religions in Australia(澳大利亚的基督数以外的宋教 4.Sport as a Secularis过Aus中lian religion(体育运动是澳大利亚的世俗信仰 S.Australian literature(澳大利亚的文学) 6.Patrick White(帕特里克·怀特) 7.ethnie writers(少数民铁作家) &.Australian films(渊大利亚电影) 二、本单元重、难点辅导 L.Difference between Protestantism and The Dreaming(新截和梦斜信仰 Dreaming is about a people being a one with the country which means that people do not own the land.but the land owns the people who have respoesibilities of guardianship toward本t梦创信钾认为人 与土地应该合而为一，这意味着人不拥有土地，而是土地拥有人，人有守护它的责任。A18器 Protestantism became the dominant form of religion,and a central concept of Protestantism is that individual people own,and are obliged to use and exploit the land for the greater glry of their God.1788 之后新教成为宗教的主导形式，它的中心理念是个人拥有，并有义务利用开发土地来为他们信仰的 上帝赢得更大的荣耀。The British brought their particular form of Protestantism,Anglicanism to its new colony.Australia 2 Fandamentalism(原较督主文) Fundamentalism is often a feature of a society in a rapid state of change.(单收怡主义经常在正在经 历快速变化的杜会中出现).When cultural values seem to be shifting too quickly a form of cultural ariety or "anomie"can occur.Fundmentalists want to maintain or create what was the fundamental values ofan carlier culture(原教肯主义是要维持或创选早期文化的最根本的价值观念) (Fundamentalism is not confined to any one religious belief原教旨主义不局限于任何一种形式上 .In Australia.there are fundamentalist forms of Protestartism.Catholicism.Islam.and Judaism. Nor is fundamentalism confined to religion.Fundamentalist and evangelical Christians tend to go to church more than people who commit to Anglicanism and Catholicism.) .Non-Christian religions in Australia(澳大利亚的基督教以外的宗教) 1)Buddhism:The I documented arrival of Buddhists in Australia was that of the Chinese Buddhists.In proportional terms,Buddhism is the farstest growing religion in Australia
1 Unit 16 Australian Cultural Life (澳大利亚的文化生活) 一、本单元重点内容 1. Protestantism and The Dreaming (新教和梦创信仰) 2. Fundamentalism（原教旨主义） 3. Non-Christian religions in Australia (澳大利亚的基督教以外的宗教) 4. Sport as a Secularist Australian religion (体育运动是澳大利亚的世俗信仰) 5. Australian literature (澳大利亚的文学) 6. Patrick White (帕特里克·怀特) 7. ethnic writers (少数民族作家) 8. Australian films (澳大利亚电影) 二、本单元重、难点辅导 1. Difference between Protestantism and The Dreaming (新教和梦创信仰) Dreaming is about a people being at one with the country which means that people do not own the land, but the land owns the people who have responsibilities of guardianship towards it. 梦创信仰认为人 与土地应该合而为一,这意味着人不拥有土地, 而是土地拥有人, 人有守护它的责任。After 1788, Protestantism became the dominant form of religion, and a central concept of Protestantism is that individual people own, and are obliged to use and exploit the land for the greater glory of their God.1788 年 之后新教成为宗教的主导形式，它的中心理念是个人拥有，并有义务利用开发土地来为他们信仰的 上帝赢得更大的荣耀。The British brought their particular form of Protestantism, Anglicanism to its new colony, Australia. 2. Fundamentalism（原教旨主义） Fundamentalism is often a feature of a society in a rapid state of change. (原教旨主义经常在正在经 历快速变化的社会中出现). When cultural values seem to be shifting too quickly a form of cultural anxiety or “anomie” can occur. Fundamentalists want to maintain or create what was the fundamental values of an earlier culture(原教旨主义是要维持或创造早期文化的最根本的价值观念). (* Fundamentalism is not confined to any one religious belief 原教旨主义不局限于任何一种形式上 的宗教. In Australia, there are fundamentalist forms of Protestantism, Catholicism, Islam, and Judaism. Nor is fundamentalism confined to religion. Fundamentalist and evangelical Christians tend to go to church more than people who commit to Anglicanism and Catholicism.) 3. Non-Christian religions in Australia (澳大利亚的基督教以外的宗教) 1) Buddhism 佛教: The 1st documented arrival of Buddhists in Australia was that of the Chinese Buddhists. In proportional terms, Buddhism is the fastest growing religion in Australia
)s山m伊斯兰教：The I"Muslims to come to Australia were Afghan camel drivers.(第一数到达澳 大利亚的伊斯兰教徒是赶骆驼的阿富汗人，) 3)Hinduism:In the 19 century,many Hindus came to Australlia and worked as hawkers 卖小版)in remote c0 mmunities 40 Judaism犹太教：TheI"group of Jewish people came to Australia in I788.The Jewish people hanve contributed much more than their share to the development of Australian society.(澳大利亚的段太公 民在表大利重公共生活中所做的质献远远高出了他们在人口中所占的比重。) 4,Sport as a Secularist Australian religion(体育运动是澳大利亚的世俗信仰) Many features of sport in Australia seem to reflect the patterns of religion.Ritually,every Saturday hundreds of thousands of Australians gather at sports fields and arenas in every city.They are dressed in their sports team's special colours Many carry emblems representing the team's symbolic creaturesthe Magpies,the Bulls,the Roosters and many ochers.The fans enter the great "coming-together"place-the acna,and chant their team'sspecial songs球速们走进神圣的“聚集场所”一一运动场，唱着他们所支 持的队的队歌。They watch a performance that is ritualistic in its weekly repetition of the moves0fe gme也们观看的表演相当仪式化，因为每个星期比赛的动作都是重复的，The skills,virtues and vices of the players on either side are keenly followed and discussed endlessy for the rest of the week接下米的 一周内，人们津津乐道地、没完没了地该论比赛双方球员的技巧、道德品质和形务行径.usaf the heroes/players adorn bedroom walls across the country like the pictures of saints.At the end of the dary. the same games are watched on TV whilst sports experts,the "priests"of sport,commentate on the week's mes and the actions of the individual players晚上，电视上福放月样的比春，由体有专家门也就是体 育“牧师”评论一周的赛事以及球员的个人表现。 Nethall is the most popular in Australia in terms of the numbers who play the game. Negative aspect:Female sport coverage on television is far below that of male sport. Positive asperts it creaes a sense of community;it encourages exercise,it improves physical fitness. 5.Australian literature(澳大利亚的文学判 The main feature of Australian literature值the carly2 Oth century is realism20世纪早期离大利亚的 文学的主要特点是现实主义”。 In the 1950s,and 1960s many Australian writers thought that to gain a name they had to leave Australia,and most went overseas to Europe. Many novels have been made ino films,and the most influential fim based on a novel by an Australian author h起been Spiclberg争lm Schindier's Lis以《辛德粉的名单》 6.Patrick White(帕特里克·怀特) By 1973,the dominating figure in Australian literature was Patrick White(1912-1990),who wrote The Au's Story(19481.The Thee of Mar(1955(人树》，6e(1957刀（探险家沃斯》，7 he Solid Mondela(I96, among other novels.His skills included shifting perspectives and stream of consciousness He earned world
2 2) Islam 伊斯兰教: The 1st Muslims to come to Australia were Afghan camel drivers.（第一批到达澳 大利亚的伊斯兰教徒是赶骆驼的阿富汗人。） 3) Hinduism 印度教: In the 19th century, many Hindus came to Australia and worked as hawkers (叫 卖小贩) in remote communities. 4) Judaism 犹太教: The 1st group of Jewish people came to Australia in 1788. The Jewish people have contributed much more than their share to the development of Australian society. (澳大利亚的犹太公 民在澳大利亚公共生活中所做的贡献远远高出了他们在人口中所占的比重。) 4. Sport as a Secularist Australian religion (体育运动是澳大利亚的世俗信仰) Many features of sport in Australia seem to reflect the patterns of religion. Ritually, every Saturday hundreds of thousands of Australians gather at sports fields and arenas in every city. They are dressed in their sports team’s special colours. Many carry emblems representing the team’s symbolic creatures---the Magpies, the Bulls, the Roosters and many others. The fans enter the great “coming-together” place---the arena, and chant their team’s special songs 球迷们走进神圣的“聚集场所”——运动场，唱着他们所支 持的队的队歌。They watch a performance that is ritualistic in its weekly repetition of the moves of the game 他们观看的表演相当仪式化，因为每个星期比赛的动作都是重复的。The skills, virtues and vices of the players on either side are keenly followed and discussed endl essly for the rest of the week 接下来的 一周内，人们津津乐道地、没完没了地谈论比赛双方球员的技巧、道德品质和恶劣行径。Pictures of the heroes/players adorn bedroom walls across the country like the pictures of saints. At the end of the day, the same games are watched on TV whilst sports experts, the “priests” of sport, commentate on the week’s games and the actions of the individual players 晚上，电视上播放同样的比赛，由体育专家们也就是体 育“牧师”评论一周的赛事以及球员的个人表现。 * Netball is the most popular in Australia in terms of the numbers who play the game. Negative aspect: Female sport coverage on television is far below that of male sport. Positive aspects: it creates a sense of community; it encourages exercise; it improves physical fitness. 5. Australian literature (澳大利亚的文学) The main feature of Australian literature in the early 20th century is realism 20 世纪早期澳大利亚的 文学的主要特点是”现实主义”。 In the 1950s, and 1960s many Australian writers thought that to gain a name they had to leave Australia, and most went overseas to Europe. Many novels have been made into films, and the most influential film based on a novel by an Australian author has been Spielberg's film Schindler's List《辛德勒的名单》. 6. Patrick White (帕特里克·怀特) By 1973, the dominating figure in Australian literature was Patrick White (1912-1990), who wrote The Aunt’s Story (1948), The Tree of Man (1955)《人树》, Voss (1957)《探险家沃斯》,The Solid Mandela (1966), among other novels. His skills included shifting perspectives and stream of consciousness. He earned world
status and was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature.Up to now he has been the only Australian writer who has won his honor. 7.ethnie writers(少数民铁作家 In the 1990s.this variety of ways of "being Australia"was further broadened when the voices of second gencration migrants were published in novels,journals,essys,and poctry. In2O09.Alice Pung's book.Uinpolished Gem《没有w光的宝石》，based on her family's migration from China to Australia,became a nationl bestseller winning the Australian Book Industry Newcomer Award,2009 for her portrayal of what it is like to be caught between two cultures 2009,Alice Pung 根据地的家庭从中国到澳大利亚的移民经历创作的小说《没有抛光的宝石》成为全国畅销书，2009 年获得澳大利亚出版业新人奖，她的小说刻画了夹在两种文化之间的感受， &.Australian films澳大利亚电影) Although mamy other forms of entertainment today compete with films."going to the pictures"is still one of the moot popular forms of entertainment in Australia In the 1920s and 1930s Australian film and TV distributors bought ready made overseas films from the UK and from Hollywood.This led to a concert that Australian culture was being swamped by these two film producing giants So the Australian government intervened in the 1970 and 1980s by providing funding bodies both for the production of films and in the training of film makers.This led to a revival of the film industry creating 'the New Wave" lasting from 1970 to 1985 when Australia produced nearly 400 films---more than had been made in the previous 70 years.More recently.films have begun to experiences of identity and cultura conflicts between old and younger generations in Italian,Greek and Chinese immigrant families in Australia
3 status and was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. Up to now he has been the only Australian writer who has won his honor. 7. ethnic writers (少数民族作家) In the 1990s, this variety of ways of “being Australia” was further broadened when the voices of second generation migrants were published in novels, journals, essays, and poetry. In 2009, Alice Pung’s book, Unpolished Gem《没有抛光的宝石》, based on her family’s migration from China to Australia, became a national bestseller winning the Australian Book Industry Newcomer Award, 2009 for her portrayal of what it is like to be caught between two cultures.2009 年，Alice Pung 的 根据她的家庭从中国到澳大利亚的移民经历创作的小说《没有抛光的宝石》成为全国畅销书，2009 年获得澳大利亚出版业新人奖，她的小说刻画了夹在两种文化之间的感受。 8. Australian films (澳大利亚电影) Although many other forms of entertainment today compete with films, “going to the pictures” is still one of the most popular forms of entertainment in Australia. In the 1920s and 1930s, Australian film and TV distributors bought ready made overseas films from the UK and from Hollywood. This led to a concert that Australian culture was being swamped by these two film producing giants. So the Australian government intervened in the 1970 and 1980s by providing funding bodies both for the production of films and in the training of film makers. This led to a revival of the film industry creating “the New Wave” lasting from 1970 to 1985 when Australia produced nearly 400 films--- more than had been made in the previous 70 years. More recently, films have begun to experiences of identity and cultural conflicts between old and younger generations in Italian, Greek and Chinese immigrant families in Australia