Unit1 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom I(英国简介) 一、本单元重点内容 L.A complicated country with a complicated name(复条的名称，复条的国家) 2.The effects of its imperi过pu过（帝国主义历史的影响 3.A multiracial s0 ciety(多种族的社会) 4 Remarkable class regional and economic differences(显著的阶级，地线和经济差异) 5.The significant role of London(伦教的重要地位) 6. Cultural and economic dominance of England(英格兰的在文化和经济上的统治地位) 7.The conques过of Britain(对不列顾的任服) &Parliament's dominance over the throne(议会成为凌驾于王室权力之上的统治机构) 9.Physical features of Sootland(苏格兰的地理特征 l0.Cultural division between highland and lowland(苏格兰高地和低地之间的文化区分) 1I.he Battle of Bannockburn《班话克本载投) l2.Union wit山England in1707fI707年苏格兰)与英格兰合并) I3.Strong Scottis动identity(仍具有很表的苏格兰特色) I4.Brief introduction of Wales(对成尔士的蔺要介) I5.Campaigr色for independence of UK(威尔士的魏立运动) 二、本单元重、雅点辅导 1.A complicated country with a complicated name The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland England Scouland Wales 2.The effects of its imperial past *The days of empire ended after World War lI 1)The effects were mainly encountered in the close relationships which exist with the 50 or more colonies of that empire,and which maintain links through Commomwealth of Nations But more important international relation is its membership in the European Union since 1973. The makeup of the British population 2)mmigration from India Pakis过an.or Carib地ea(西印度群岛与中南美洲海线)gr市sme 1950s and 1960s.1/20 are non-European ethnecity. 3.Racial,class,regional and economic differences in the society 1)a multi-racial society:most are Christians and because of immigration,many are Muslims
1 Unit 1 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom I (英国简介 I) 一、本单元重点内容 1. A complicated country with a complicated name (复杂的名称，复杂的国家) 2. The effects of its imperial past (帝国主义历史的影响) 3. A multiracial society (多种族的社会) 4. Remarkable class, regional and economic differences (显著的阶级、地域和经济差异) 5. The significant role of London (伦敦的重要地位) 6. Cultural and economic dominance of England (英格兰的在文化和经济上的统治地位) 7. The conquest of Britain （对不列颠的征服） 8. Parliament’s dominance over the throne (议会成为凌驾于王室权力之上的统治机构) 9. Physical features of Scotland (苏格兰的地理特征) 10. Cultural division between highland and lowland (苏格兰高地和低地之间的文化区分) 11. The Battle of Bannockburn (班诺克本战役) 12. Union with England in 1707 {1707 年(苏格兰)与英格兰合并} 13. Strong Scottish identity (仍具有很浓的苏格兰特色) 14. Brief introduction of Wales (对威尔士的简要介绍) 15. Campaigns for independence of UK (威尔士的独立运动) 二、本单元重、难点辅导 1. A complicated country with a complicated name The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland England Scotland Wales 2. The effects of its imperial past * The days of empire ended after World War II 1) The effects were mainly encountered in the close relationships which exist with the 50 or more colonies of that empire, and which maintain links through Commonwealth of Nations. But more important international relation is its membership in the European Union since 1973. The makeup of the British population 2) immigration from India, Pakistan, or Caribbean (西印度群岛与中南美洲海域) countries in the 1950s and1960s. 1/20 are non-European ethnicity. 3. Racial, class, regional and economic differences in the society 1) a multi-racial society: most are Christians and because of immigration, many are Muslims;
2)class difference:the elass structure of UK society is relatively obvious (A white-collar worker's lives are very different from a blue-collar worker's) 3)Economic and regional difference within each of the 4 countries: a difference between highland and lowland Soots b.difference between north and south England (South is on average more wealthy than the north) 4.A significant role of London 1)eapital city 2)in the south:largest city in the country:1/7 of the nation's population 3)culture center 4)business center 5)financial cemter,one of the 3 major internationall financial centers in the world (another two are New York and Hong Kong 6)long-standing historical role in the UK Great Britain England 1.A cultural and economic dominance of England 1)London dominant in the UK in government,finance and culture 2)Engand's dominance in size largest of the 4 nations with largest population is reflected in a cultural and economic dominance *result:people in foreign countries and English people sometimes mistake England for U.K in their talks 2.The conquest of Britain (Before AD.Ist C,made up of many tribal kingdoms of Celtic people) When Who Where from Which part conquered 43AD- Latin-speaking Roman Mediterrnnean England and Wales (not AD.Sth C countrics Scotland or Ireland) AD.sh C Angles and Saxons Germany Eastern and Southern Britain -1066 (the forefathers of the English (not Wales and most of the founders of England) Scotland） mainly England Late the ferocious Vikings Scandinavia(北 Northemn and Eastern England, AD.8C 欧：瑞具、挥城 Scotland
2 2) class difference: the class structure of UK society is relatively obvious (A white-collar worker’s lives are very different from a blue-collar worker’s.) 3）Economic and regional difference within each of the 4 countries: a. difference between highland and lowland Scots b. difference between north and south England (South is on average more wealthy than the north) 4. A significant role of London 1) capital city 2) in the south; largest city in the country; 1/7 of the nation’s population 3) culture center 4) business center 5) financial center, one of the 3 major international financial centers in the world (another two are New York and Hong Kong ) 6) long-standing historical role in the UK Great Britain England 1. A cultural and economic dominance of England 1) London dominant in the UK in government, finance and culture 2) England’s dominance in size --- largest of the 4 nations with largest population is reflected in a cultural and economic dominance * result: people in foreign countries and English people sometimes mistake England for U.K in their talks. 2. The conquest of Britain (Before AD. 1st C., made up of many tribal kingdoms of Celtic people) When Who Where from Which part conquered 43 AD— AD.5th C Latin-speaking Roman Mediterranean countries England and Wales (not Scotland or Ireland) AD.5th C —1066 Angles and Saxons (the forefathers of the English; the founders of England) Germany Eastern and Southern Britain (not Wales and most of Scotland ) mainly England Late AD.8thC the ferocious Vikings Scandinavia (北 欧：瑞典、挪威 Northern and Eastern England, Scotland
-AD10' 带。丹麦，芬 C 兰、冰岛等) AD 11%C Norman French (William the Normandy The next few hundred years. (1065) Conqueror defeated King Harold (northern joining various parts of the at the Battle of Hastings.and France) British Isles under English rule built the Tower of London) (England,Wales,Scocland, Ireland) 3.Legends 1).King Anhur and his Round Table,giving knights equal precedence and showing knights'demand for a more democratic system (During Anglo-Saxon's invasion) 2).Robin Hood hid in the forest,rebelled against Normans and robbed from the rich to give to the poor (During the period of Norman rule) -a clue to the English Character:a richly unconventional interior life hidden by an exterral conformity (体现英国人个性的迹象：表面上似乎一致但实际上保持着一种强烈的独特的生活方式) 4.Parliament's dominance over the throne 1)The next few hundred years folowing the Norman imvasion:join together the various parts of the British Isle under English Rule,unite the kingdom internally and externally 2)Power gradually transferred from the monarch to the parliament D1649,Charles the First was executed.Then England wiss ruled by parliament's leader,frz Cmnnrefl for 11 years In 1660,the son of Charkes I restored the monarchy and wis called Charles Il (ruled 1660-1685) Further conflicts between parliament and the king led to removal of the Soottish house of Stuart and the final establishment of parliament's dominance over the throne in 1689 James II (1685-1689)was the younger brother of Charles II.After James lI was overthrown his daughter and daughter's husband Mary and William were imported from Holland to take the throne. This is the"Glorious Revolution." Scotland 1.Physical features of Scotland 1)the 2nd largest of the 4 nations 2)most rugged part of UK.the most confident of its own identity 3)in the north-the Highlands mountairs and lakes in the south---the Southern Uplands in the middle-.the lowland zone with 3/4 of the populstion 4)capital:Edinburgh---east coast,famous for its beauty,dominated by its great castle on a high rock
3 – AD 10th C. 一带。丹麦、芬 兰、冰岛等) AD 11th C (1066) Norman French (William the Conqueror defeated King Harold at the Battle of Hastings, and built the Tower of London) Normandy (northern France) The next few hundred years, joining various parts of the British Isles under English rule (England, Wales, Scotland, Ireland) 3. Legends 1). King Arthur and his Round Table, giving knights equal precedence and showing knights’ demand for a more democratic system (During Anglo-Saxon’s invasion) 2). Robin Hood hid in the forest, rebelled against Normans and robbed from the rich to give to the poor (During the period of Norman rule) --a clue to the English Character: a richly unconventional interior life hidden by an external conformity (体现英国人个性的迹象:表面上似乎一致,但实际上保持着一种强烈的独特的生活方式) 4. Parliament’s dominance over the throne 1) The next few hundred years following the Norman invasion: join together the various parts of the British Isle under English Rule, unite the kingdom internally and externally 2) Power gradually transferred from the monarch to the parliament ①1649, Charles the First was executed. Then England was ruled by parliament’s leader, Oliver Cromwell for 11 years. ②In 1660, the son of Charles I restored the monarchy and was called Charles II (ruled 1660-1685) ③Further conflicts between parliament and the king led to removal of the Scottish house of Stuart and the final establishment of parliament’s dominance over the throne in 1689. * James II (1685-1689) was the younger brother of Charles II. After James II was overthrown, his daughter and daughter’s husband Mary and William were imported from Holland to take the throne. This is the “Glorious Revolution.” Scotland 1. Physical features of Scotland 1) the 2nd largest of the 4 nations 2) most rugged part of UK, the most confident of its own identity 3) in the north ---- the Highlands mountains and lakes in the south ---- the Southern Uplands in the middle --- the lowland zone with 3/4 of the population 4) capital: Edinburgh--- east coast, famous for its beauty, dominated by its great castle on a high rock
largest city:Glasgow ..in the west of Lowland zone *Both cities have ancient and interationally respected universities dating from 15 century 2.Cultural division between highland and lowband 1)Scotland was neither conquered by the Romans nor by the Anglo-Saxons 2)Around the AD 6 C.people from Northern Ireland invaded the South-west the lowland zone. 3)They were called Scots and gave the modern country of Scotland its name 4)The origin回Scottish Celts,called the Picts(皮克特人)were left with the non-productive highland one where in addition to English,some people speak the old Celtic languge-Gaelic The division between highland and lowland Sootland remains a cultural divide today,in much the same way as north and south England see themselves as different from each other. 3.the Battle of Bannockburn(班诺克本战役) Time:24 Junxe.1314 Who:Soots under the leadership of Robert Bruce and English army Result:Scots were victorious,leading to 300 years of full independence 4.Union with England in 1707 1).In 1603.Queen Elizabeth I of England died.James the 6 of'Scotland took the throne,called James the First of England,uniting the two thrones 2).Scotland maintained its separate political identity. 3).In 1707.Scotland joined the Union by agreement of the English and Scomtish Parliaments 4).Scotland sends 72 representatives to the London Parliament.In 1922 only 3 were from the Scottish Nationalist Party,wanting an independent Scocland;49 was from the Labour Party,wanting to set up a regional parliament for Scotland to manage its own internal affairs within the UK 5.Strong Seottish identity Scotland has a great tradition of innovation in the arts,philosophy and science. "Robert Louis Stevenson's famous novel Dr JekyWl and Mr He《吉基尔医生与海德先生》ws that Scotland was superficially fully integrated into the UK.bu concealed beneath this is a still-strong Scottish identity. Wales 1.A brief introduction of Wales 1)capital:CardifT.on the south coast 2)rich coal deposits attract foreign investment from Japan and U.S.ete. -new industries to replace coal and steel 3)smallest on the British mainland;close to central England.hilly and rugged 4)retains a powerful sense of difference from England
4 largest city: Glasgow --- in the west of Lowland zone *Both cities have ancient and internationally respected universities dating from 15th century 2. Cultural division between highland and lowland 1) Scotland was neither conquered by the Romans nor by the Anglo-Saxons 2) Around the AD 6th C, people from Northern Ireland invaded the South-west --- the lowland zone. 3) They were called Scots and gave the modern country of Scotland its name 4) The original Scottish Celts, called the Picts (皮克特人) were left with the non-productive highland zone, where in addition to English, some people speak the old Celtic language—Gaelic. * The division between highland and lowland Scotland remains a cultural divide today, in much the same way as north and south England see themselves as different from each other. 3. the Battle of Bannockburn (班诺克本战役) Time: 24th June, 1314 Who: Scots under the leadership of Robert Bruce and English army Result: Scots were victorious, leading to 300 years of full independence 4. Union with England in 1707 1). In 1603, Queen Elizabeth I of England died. James the 6th of Scotland took the throne, called James the First of England; uniting the two thrones 2). Scotland maintained its separate political identity. 3). In 1707, Scotland joined the Union by agreement of the English and Scottish Parliaments 4). Scotland sends 72 representatives to the London Parliament. In 1922, only 3 were from the Scottish Nationalist Party, wanting an independent Scotland; 49 was from the Labour Party, wanting to set up a regional parliament for Scotland to manage its own internal affairs within the UK. 5. Strong Scottish identity Scotland has a great tradition of innovation in the arts, philosophy and science. *Robert Louis Stevenson’s famous novel Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde 《吉基尔医生与海德先生》shows that: Scotland was superficially fully integrated into the UK, but concealed beneath this is a still-strong Scottish identity. Wales 1. A brief introduction of Wales 1) capital: Cardiff, on the south coast 2) rich coal deposits attract foreign investment from Japan and U.S, etc. ---new industries to replace coal and steel 3) smallest on the British mainland; close to central England; hilly and rugged 4) retains a powerful sense of difference from England
5)retains its own language.19%population speaking Gaelie 2.Campaigns for independence of UK-resist the English 1)1267,Llywelyn ap Grufud域卢埃林·阿普·格鲁菲德).forced the Englis的to acknowledge him Prince of Wales by a military campaign,and unified Wales as an independent ration. 2)1282.he was killed.The English King Edward I named his son the Prince of Wales,trying to bring Wales into the British nation. 3)I40.Owain Glyndwrt欧文·格林道瓦尔)ed an unsuccessful rising again时the English. 4)1536,Wales was brought legally into the UK by an act of the British Parliament. 5)Wales sends 38 representatives to the London Parliament.4 are from the Nationalist Party 5
5 5) retains its own language; 19% population speaking Gaelic 2. Campaigns for independence of UK --- resist the English 1) 1267, Llywelyn ap Gruffudd(卢埃林·阿普·格鲁菲德), forced the English to acknowledge him as Prince of Wales by a military campaign, and unified Wales as an independent nation. 2) 1282, he was killed. The English King Edward I named his son the Prince of Wales, trying to bring Wales into the British nation. 3) 1400, Owain Glyndwr(欧文·格林道瓦尔) led an unsuccessful rising against the English. 4) 1536, Wales was brought legally into the UK by an act of the British Parliament. 5) Wales sends 38 representatives to the London Parliament. 4 are from the Nationalist Party