Respiratory Physiology MCQ (Please select the single best answer) A1型题 1.Which of the following lung volumes or capacities can be measured by spirometry? A.Functional residual capacity (FRC) B.Physiologic dead space C. Residual volume (RV) D.Total lung capacity (TLC) E.Vital capacity (VC) [答案]E 2.An infant born prematurely in gestational week 25 has neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.Which of the following would be expected in this infant? A.Arterial P02 of 100 mm Hg B.Collapse of the small alveoli C.Increased lung compliance D.Normal breathing rate E.Lecithin:sphingomyelin ratio of greater than 2:1 in amniotic fluid [答案]B 3.In which vascular bed does hypoxia cause vasoconstriction? A.Coronary B.Pulmonary C.Cerebral
Respiratory Physiology MCQ (Please select the single best answer) A1 型题 1. Which of the following lung volumes or capacities can be measured by spirometry? A. Functional residual capacity (FRC) B. Physiologic dead space C. Residual volume (RV) D. Total lung capacity (TLC) E. Vital capacity (VC) [答案] E 2. An infant born prematurely in gestational week 25 has neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. Which of the following would be expected in this infant? A. Arterial PO2 of 100 mm Hg B. Collapse of the small alveoli C. Increased lung compliance D. Normal breathing rate E. Lecithin:sphingomyelin ratio of greater than 2:1 in amniotic fluid [答案] B 3. In which vascular bed does hypoxia cause vasoconstriction? A. Coronary B. Pulmonary C. Cerebral
D.Muscle E.Skin [答案]B 4.Which of the following is true during inspiration? A.Intrapleural pressure is positive B.The volume in the lungs is less than the functional residual capacity (FRC) C.Alveolar pressure equals atmospheric pressure D.Alveolar pressure is higher than atmospheric pressure E.Intrapleural pressure is more negative than it is during expiration [答案]E 5.Which volume remains in the lungs after a tidal volume (TV)is expired? A.Tidal volume (TV) B.Vital capacity (VC) C.Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) D.Residual volume (RV) E.Functional residual capacity (FRC) F.Inspiratory capacity G.Total lung capacity [答案]E 6.A person has a vital capacity (VC)of 5 L,a tidal volume (TV)of 0.5 L, an inspiratory capacity of 3.5 L,and a functional residual capacity (FRC)of 2.5 L.What is his expiratory reserve volume (ERV)? A.4.5L B.3.9L
D. Muscle E. Skin [答案] B 4. Which of the following is true during inspiration? A. Intrapleural pressure is positive B. The volume in the lungs is less than the functional residual capacity (FRC) C. Alveolar pressure equals atmospheric pressure D. Alveolar pressure is higher than atmospheric pressure E. Intrapleural pressure is more negative than it is during expiration [答案] E 5. Which volume remains in the lungs after a tidal volume (TV) is expired? A. Tidal volume (TV) B. Vital capacity (VC) C. Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) D. Residual volume (RV) E. Functional residual capacity (FRC) F. Inspiratory capacity G. Total lung capacity [答案] E 6. A person has a vital capacity (VC) of 5 L, a tidal volume (TV) of 0.5 L, an inspiratory capacity of 3.5 L, and a functional residual capacity (FRC) of 2.5 L. What is his expiratory reserve volume (ERV)? A. 4.5L B. 3.9 L
C.3.6L D.3.0L E.2.5L F.2.0L G.1.5L [答案]G 7.When a person is standing,blood flow in the lungs is A.equal at the apex and the base B.highest at the apex owing to the effects of gravity on arterial pressure C.highest at the base because that is where the difference between arterial and venous pressure is greatest D.lowest at the base because that is where alveolar pressure is greater than arterial pressure [答案]C 8.Which of the following is the site of highest airway resistance? A.Trachea B.Largest bronchi C.Medium-sized bronchi D.Smallest bronchi E.Alveoli [答案]C 9.If blood flow to the left lung is completely blocked by an embolism in the pulmonary artery,which of the following will occur? A.Ventilation/perfusion (V/Q)ratio in the left lung will be zero
C. 3.6 L D. 3.0 L E. 2.5L F. 2.0L G. 1.5L [答案] G 7. When a person is standing, blood flow in the lungs is A. equal at the apex and the base B. highest at the apex owing to the effects of gravity on arterial pressure C. highest at the base because that is where the difference between arterial and venous pressure is greatest D. lowest at the base because that is where alveolar pressure is greater than arterial pressure [答案] C 8. Which of the following is the site of highest airway resistance? A. Trachea B. Largest bronchi C. Medium-sized bronchi D. Smallest bronchi E. Alveoli [答案] C 9. If blood flow to the left lung is completely blocked by an embolism in the pulmonary artery, which of the following will occur? A. Ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) ratio in the left lung will be zero
B.Systemic arterial P02 will be elevated C.V/Q ratio in the left lung will be lower than in the right lung D.Alveolar P02 in the left lung will be aproximately equal to the P02 in inspired air E.Alveolar P02 in the right lung will be approximately equal to the P02 in venous blood [答案]D 10. Which volume remains in the lungs after a maximal expiration? A.Tidal volume (TV) B.Vital capacity (VC) C.Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) D.Residual volume (RV) E.Functional residual capacity (FRC) F.Inspiratory capacity G.Total lung capacity [答案]D 11.Compared with the systemic circulation,the pulmonary circulation has a A.higher blood flow B.lower resistance C.higher arterial pressure D.higher capillary pressure E.higher cardiac output F.higher cardiac output [答案]B
B. Systemic arterial PO2 will be elevated C. V/Q ratio in the left lung will be lower than in the right lung D. Alveolar PO2 in the left lung will be aproximately equal to the PO2 in inspired air E. Alveolar PO2 in the right lung will be approximately equal to the PO2 in venous blood [答案] D 10. Which volume remains in the lungs after a maximal expiration? A. Tidal volume (TV) B. Vital capacity (VC) C. Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) D. Residual volume (RV) E. Functional residual capacity (FRC) F. Inspiratory capacity G. Total lung capacity [答案] D 11. Compared with the systemic circulation, the pulmonary circulation has a A. higher blood flow B. lower resistance C. higher arterial pressure D. higher capillary pressure E. higher cardiac output F. higher cardiac output [答案] B
12.A person with a tidal volume (TV)of 0.45 L has a breathing frequency of 16 breaths/min.His arterial PC02 is 41 mm Hg,and the PC02 of his expired air is 35 mm Hg.What is his alveolar ventilation? A.0.066 L/min B.0.38 L/min C.5.0 L/rain D.6.14 L/rain E.8.25 L/min [答案]D 13. Compared with the apex of the lung,the base of the lung has A.a higher pulmonary capillary P02 B.a higher pulmonary capillary PC02 C.a higher ventilation/perfusion (V/Q)ratio D.a higher ventilation/perfusion (V/Q)ratio E.the same V/Q ratio [答案]B 14.Hypoxemia produces hyperventilation by a direct effect on the A.phrenic nerve B.J receptors C.lung stretch receptors D.medullary chemoreceptors E.carotid and aortic body chemoreceptors [答案]E 15.Which of the following changes occurs during strenuous exercise?
12. A person with a tidal volume (TV) of 0.45 L has a breathing frequency of 16 breaths/min. His arterial PCO2 is 41 mm Hg, and the PCO2 of his expired air is 35 mm Hg. What is his alveolar ventilation? A. 0.066 L/min B. 0.38 L/min C. 5.0 L/rain D. 6.14 L/rain E. 8.25 L/min [答案] D 13. Compared with the apex of the lung, the base of the lung has A. a higher pulmonary capillary PO2 B. a higher pulmonary capillary PCO2 C. a higher ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) ratio D. a higher ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) ratio E. the same V/Q ratio [答案] B 14. Hypoxemia produces hyperventilation by a direct effect on the A. phrenic nerve B. J receptors C. lung stretch receptors D. medullary chemoreceptors E. carotid and aortic body chemoreceptors [答案] E 15. Which of the following changes occurs during strenuous exercise?
A.Ventilation rate and 02 consumption in crease to the same extent B.Systemic arterial P02 decreases to about 70 mm Hg C.Systemic arterial PC02 increases to about 60 mm Hg D.Systemic venous PC02 decreases to about 20 mm Hg E.Pulmonary blood flow decreases at the expense of systemic blood flow [答案]A 16.If an area of the lung is not ventilated because of bronchial obstruction, the pulmonary capillary blood serving that area will have a p02 that is A.equal to atmospheric P02 B.equal to mixed venous P02 C.equal to normal systemic arterial P02 D.higher than inspired P02 E.lower than mixed venous P02 [答案]B 17.In the transport of C02 from the tissues to the lungs,which of the following occurs in venous blood? A.Conversion of C02 and H20 to H and HCO in the red blood cells (RBCs) B.Buffering of H+by oxyhemoglobin C.Shifting of HCO into the RBCs from plasma in exchange for C1-Shifting of HCO into the RBCs from plasma in exchange for C1- D.Binding of HCO to hemoglobin E.Alkalinization of the RBCs [答案]A
A. Ventilation rate and O2 consumption in crease to the same extent B. Systemic arterial PO2 decreases to about 70 mm Hg C. Systemic arterial PCO2 increases to about 60 mm Hg D. Systemic venous PCO2 decreases to about 20 mm Hg E. Pulmonary blood flow decreases at the expense of systemic blood flow [答案] A 16. If an area of the lung is not ventilated because of bronchial obstruction, the pulmonary capillary blood serving that area will have a PO2 that is A. equal to atmospheric PO2 B. equal to mixed venous PO2 C. equal to normal systemic arterial PO2 D. higher than inspired PO2 E. lower than mixed venous PO2 [答案] B 17. In the transport of CO2 from the tissues to the lungs, which of the following occurs in venous blood? A. Conversion of CO2 and H2O to H and HCO in the red blood cells (RBCs) B. Buffering of H+ by oxyhemoglobin C. Shifting of HCO into the RBCs from plasma in exchange for C1-Shifting of HCO into the RBCs from plasma in exchange for C1- D. Binding of HCO to hemoglobin E. Alkalinization of the RBCs [答案] A
18.Which of the following causes of hypoxia is characterized by a decreased arterial P02 and A.Hypoventilation B.Right-to-left cardiac shunt C.Anemia D.Carbon monoxide poisoning E.Ascent to high altitude [答案]B 19.Apatient with severe pulmonary fibrosis is evaluated by her physician and has the following arterial blood gases:pH =7.48,Pa02 =55 mm Hg,and PaC02 =32 mm Hg.Which statement best explains the observed value of PaC02? A.The increased pH stimulates breathing via peripheral chemoreceptors B.The increased pH stimulates breathing via central chemoreceptors C.The decreased Pao2 inhibits breathing via peripheral chemoreceptors D.The decreased Pa02 stimulates breathing via peripheral chemoreceptors E.The decreased Pa02 stimulates breathing via central chemoreceptors [答案]D 20. Which of the following will occur as a result of residing at high altitude? A.Hypoventilation B.Arterial P02 greater than 100 mm Hg C.Decreased 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG)concentration D.Shift to the right of the hemoglobin-02 dissociation curve E.Pulmonary vasodilation F.Hypertrophy of the left ventricle G.Respiratory acidosis
18. Which of the following causes of hypoxia is characterized by a decreased arterial PO2 and A. Hypoventilation B. Right-to-left cardiac shunt C. Anemia D. Carbon monoxide poisoning E. Ascent to high altitude [答案] B 19. Apatient with severe pulmonary fibrosis is evaluated by her physician and has the following arterial blood gases: pH = 7.48, PaO2 =55 mm Hg, and PaCO2 = 32 mm Hg. Which statement best explains the observed value of PaCO2? A. The increased pH stimulates breathing via peripheral chemoreceptors B. The increased pH stimulates breathing via central chemoreceptors C. The decreased Pao2 inhibits breathing via peripheral chemoreceptors D. The decreased PaO2 stimulates breathing via peripheral chemoreceptors E. The decreased PaO2 stimulates breathing via central chemoreceptors [答案] D 20. Which of the following will occur as a result of residing at high altitude? A. Hypoventilation B. Arterial PO2 greater than 100 mm Hg C. Decreased 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) concentration D. Shift to the right of the hemoglobin-O2 dissociation curve E. Pulmonary vasodilation F. Hypertrophy of the left ventricle G. Respiratory acidosis
[答案]D 21.The pH of venous blood is only slightly more acid than the pH of arterial blood because A.C02 is a weak base B.there is no carbonic anhydrase in venous blood C.the H+generated from C02 and H20 is buffered by HCO in venous blood D.the H+generated from C02 and H20 is buffered by deoxyhemoglobin in venous blood E.oxyhemoglobin is a better buffer for H+than is deoxyhemoglobin [答案]D 22. Which volume is expired in a maximal expiration? A.Tidal volume (TV) B.Vital capacity (VC) C.Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) D.Residual volume (RV) E.Functional residual capacity (FRC) F.Inspiratory capacity G.Total lung capacity [答案]B
[答案] D 21. The pH of venous blood is only slightly more acid than the pH of arterial blood because A. CO2 is a weak base B. there is no carbonic anhydrase in venous blood C. the H+ generated from CO2 and H2O is buffered by HCO in venous blood D. the H+ generated from CO2 and H2O is buffered by deoxyhemoglobin in venous blood E. oxyhemoglobin is a better buffer for H+ than is deoxyhemoglobin [答案] D 22. Which volume is expired in a maximal expiration? A. Tidal volume (TV) B. Vital capacity (VC) C. Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) D. Residual volume (RV) E. Functional residual capacity (FRC) F. Inspiratory capacity G. Total lung capacity [答案] B