CHAPTER 11 ENDOCRINE MCQ (Please select the single best answer) A1型题 1.In which of the following conditions is it least likely that the TSH response to TRH will be greater than normal? A.Hypothyroidism due to tissue resistance to thyroid hormone B.Hypothyroidism due to disease destroying the thyroid gland C.Hyperthyroidism due to circulating antithyroid antibodies with TSH activity D.Hyperthyroidism due to diffuse hyperplasia of thyrotropes of the anterior pituitary E.Iodine deficiency [答案]C 2.Propylthiouracil causes A.a decrease in thyroid size and an increase in plasma T4 B.a decrease in both thyroid size and plasma T4 C.an increase in both thyroid size and plasma T4 D.an increase in thyroid size and a decrease in plasma T4 [答案]D 3.A young woman has puffy skin and a hoarse voice.Her plasma TSH concentration is low but increases markedly when she is given TRH.She probably has A.hyperthyroidism due to a thyroid tumor B.hypothyroidism due to a primary abnormality in the thyroid gland
CHAPTER 11 ENDOCRINE MCQ (Please select the single best answer) A1 型题 1. In which of the following conditions is it least likely that the TSH response to TRH will be greater than normal? A. Hypothyroidism due to tissue resistance to thyroid hormone B. Hypothyroidism due to disease destroying the thyroid gland C. Hyperthyroidism due to circulating antithyroid antibodies with TSH activity D. Hyperthyroidism due to diffuse hyperplasia of thyrotropes of the anterior pituitary E. Iodine deficiency [答案] C 2. Propylthiouracil causes A. a decrease in thyroid size and an increase in plasma T4 B. a decrease in both thyroid size and plasma T4 C. an increase in both thyroid size and plasma T4 D. an increase in thyroid size and a decrease in plasma T4 [答案] D 3. A young woman has puffy skin and a hoarse voice. Her plasma TSH concentration is low but increases markedly when she is given TRH. She probably has A. hyperthyroidism due to a thyroid tumor B. hypothyroidism due to a primary abnormality in the thyroid gland
C.hypothyroidism due to a primary abnormality in the pituitary gland D.hypothyroidism due to a primary abnormality in the hypothalamus E.hyperthyroidism due to a primary abnormality in the hypothalamus [答案]D 4.The coupling of monoiodotyrosine and diiodotyrosine and the iodination of thyroglobulin is blocked by A.divalent cations B.monovalent anions such as perchlorate C.TSH D.TRH E.thiourylenes such as propylthiouracil [答案]E 5.The thyroidal uptake of radioactive iodine is not affected by A.calcitonin B.T3 C.TSH D.propylthiouracil E.the iodine content of the diet [答案]A 6. The metabolic rate is least affected by an increase in the plasma level of A. TSH B.TRH C.TBG
C. hypothyroidism due to a primary abnormality in the pituitary gland D. hypothyroidism due to a primary abnormality in the hypothalamus E. hyperthyroidism due to a primary abnormality in the hypothalamus [答案] D 4. The coupling of monoiodotyrosine and diiodotyrosine and the iodination of thyroglobulin is blocked by A. divalent cations B. monovalent anions such as perchlorate C. TSH D. TRH E. thiourylenes such as propylthiouracil [答案] E 5. The thyroidal uptake of radioactive iodine is not affected by A. calcitonin B. T3 C. TSH D. propylthiouracil E. the iodine content of the diet [答案] A 6. The metabolic rate is least affected by an increase in the plasma level of A. TSH B. TRH C. TBG
D.free T E.free T3 [答案]C 7.Which of the following is not essential for normal biosynthesis of thyroid hormones? A.Iodine B.Ferritin C. Thyroglobulin D.Protein synthesis E.TSH [答案]B 8.Which of the following would be least affected by injections of TSH? A.Thyroidal uptake of iodine B.Synthesis of thyroglobulin C.Cyclic AMP in thyroid cells D.Cyclic GMP in thyroid cells E.Size of the thyroid [答案]D 9.Hypothyroidism due to disease of the thyroid gland is associated with increased plasma levels of A.cholesterol B.albumin C.RT3 D.iodide
D. free T E. free T3 [答案] C 7. Which of the following is not essential for normal biosynthesis of thyroid hormones? A. Iodine B. Ferritin C. Thyroglobulin D. Protein synthesis E. TSH [答案] B 8. Which of the following would be least affected by injections of TSH? A. Thyroidal uptake of iodine B. Synthesis of thyroglobulin C. Cyclic AMP in thyroid cells D. Cyclic GMP in thyroid cells E. Size of the thyroid [答案] D 9. Hypothyroidism due to disease of the thyroid gland is associated with increased plasma levels of A. cholesterol B. albumin C. RT3 D. iodide
E.TBG [答案]A 10. Which of the following is most likely to bring about improvement in exophthalmos? A.Administration of T4 B.Administration of drugs that inhibit the production of T lymphocytes C.Administration of testosterone D.Hypophysectomy E.Thyroidectomy [答案]B 11.Which of the following are incorrectly paired? A.Type 1 (insulin-dependent)diabetes mellitus:antibodies against B cells B.Myasthenia gravis:antibodies against nicotinic acetylcholine receptors C.Multiple sclerosis:antibodies against myelin D.Hashimoto's thyroiditis:antibodies against TSH E.Graves'disease:antibodies that stimulate TSH receptors [答案]D 12.Thyroid hormone receptors bind to DNA in which of the following forms? A.A heterodimer with the prolactin receptor B.A heterodimer with the growth hormone receptor C.A heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor D.A heterodimer with the insulin receptor E.A heterodimer with the progesterone receptor [答案]C
E. TBG [答案] A 10. Which of the following is most likely to bring about improvement in exophthalmos? A. Administration of T4 B. Administration of drugs that inhibit the production of T lymphocytes C. Administration of testosterone D. Hypophysectomy E. Thyroidectomy [答案] B 11. Which of the following are incorrectly paired? A. Type l (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: antibodies against B cells B. Myasthenia gravis: antibodies against nicotinic acetylcholine receptors C. Multiple sclerosis: antibodies against myelin D. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: antibodies against TSH E. Graves’ disease: antibodies that stimulate TSH receptors [答案] D 12. Thyroid hormone receptors bind to DNA in which of the following forms? A. A heterodimer with the prolactin receptor B. A heterodimer with the growth hormone receptor C. A heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor D. A heterodimer with the insulin receptor E. A heterodimer with the progesterone receptor [答案] C
13.Which of the following are incorrectly paired? A.B cells:insulin B.D cells:somatostatin C.A cells:glucagon D.Pancreatic exocrine cells:chymotrypsinogen E.F cells:gastrin [答案]E 14. Which of the following are incorrectly paired? A.Epinephrine:increased glycogenolysis in skeletal muscle B.Insulin:increased protein synthesis C.Glucagon:increased gluconeogenesis D.Progesterone:increased plasma glucose level E.Growth hormone:increased plasma glucose level [答案]D 15.Which of the following would be least likely to be seen 14 days after a rat is injected with a drug that kills all of its pancreatic B cells? A.A rise in the plasma H+concentration B.A rise in the plasma glucagon concentration C.A fall in the plasma HC03-concentration D.A fall in the plasma amino acid concentration E.A rise in plasma osmolality [答案]D 16.Glucagon is not normally found in the
13. Which of the following are incorrectly paired? A. B cells: insulin B. D cells: somatostatin C. A cells: glucagon D. Pancreatic exocrine cells: chymotrypsinogen E. F cells: gastrin [答案] E 14. Which of the following are incorrectly paired? A. Epinephrine: increased glycogenolysis in skeletal muscle B. Insulin: increased protein synthesis C. Glucagon: increased gluconeogenesis D. Progesterone: increased plasma glucose level E. Growth hormone: increased plasma glucose level [答案] D 15. Which of the following would be least likely to be seen l4 days after a rat is injected with a drug that kills all of its pancreatic B cells? A. A rise in the plasma H+ concentration B. A rise in the plasma glucagon concentration C. A fall in the plasma HCO3- concentration D. A fall in the plasma amino acid concentration E. A rise in plasma osmolality [答案] D 16. Glucagon is not normally found in the
A.brain B. pancreas C.gastrointestinal tract D.plasma E.adrenal glands [答案]E 17.When the plasma glucose concentration falls to low levels,a number of different hormones help combat the hypoglycemia.After intravenous administration of a large dose of insulin,the return of a low blood sugar level to normal is delayed in A.adrenal medullary insufficiency B.glucagon deficiency C.combined adrenal medullary insufficiency and glucagon deficiency D.thyrotoxicosis E.acromegaly [答案]C 18.Which of the following is not produced by total pancreatectomy? A.Steatorrhea B.Increased plasma levels of free fatty acids C.Decreased plasma Pco2 D.No change or a rise in the plasma insulin level E.No change or a rise in the plasma glucagon level [答案]D 19.Insulin increases the entry of glucose into
A. brain B. pancreas C. gastrointestinal tract D. plasma E. adrenal glands [答案] E 17. When the plasma glucose concentration falls to low levels, a number of different hormones help combat the hypoglycemia. After intravenous administration of a large dose of insulin, the return of a low blood sugar level to normal is delayed in A. adrenal medullary insufficiency B. glucagon deficiency C. combined adrenal medullary insufficiency and glucagon deficiency D. thyrotoxicosis E. acromegaly [答案] C 18. Which of the following is not produced by total pancreatectomy? A. Steatorrhea B. Increased plasma levels of free fatty acids C. Decreased plasma Pco2 D. No change or a rise in the plasma insulin level E. No change or a rise in the plasma glucagon level [答案] D 19. Insulin increases the entry of glucose into
A.all tissues B.renal tubular cells C.the mucosa of the small intestine D.most neurons in the cerebral cortex E.skeletal muscle [答案]E 20.The mechanism by which glucagon produces an increase in the plasma glucose concentration involves A.binding of glucagon to DNA in the nucleus of target cells B.binding of glucagon to receptors in the cytoplasm of target cells C.activation of Gs in target cells D.increased binding of Ca2+in the cytoplasm of target cells E.inhibition of insulin secretion [答案]C 21. Glucagon increases glycogenolysis in liver cells but ACTH does not because A.cortisol increases the plasma glucose level B.liver cells have an adenylyl cyclase different from that in adrenocortical cells C.ACTH cannot enter the nucleus of liver cells D.the membranes of liver cells contain receptors different from those in adrenocortical cells E.liver cells contain a protein that inhibits the action of ACTH [答案]D
A. all tissues B. renal tubular cells C. the mucosa of the small intestine D. most neurons in the cerebral cortex E. skeletal muscle [答案] E 20. The mechanism by which glucagon produces an increase in the plasma glucose concentration involves A. binding of glucagon to DNA in the nucleus of target cells B. binding of glucagon to receptors in the cytoplasm of target cells C. activation of Gs in target cells D. increased binding of Ca2+ in the cytoplasm of target cells E. inhibition of insulin secretion [答案] C 21. Glucagon increases glycogenolysis in liver cells but ACTH does not because A. cortisol increases the plasma glucose level B. liver cells have an adenylyl cyclase different from that in adrenocortical cells C. ACTH cannot enter the nucleus of liver cells D. the membranes of liver cells contain receptors different from those in adrenocortical cells E. liver cells contain a protein that inhibits the action of ACTH [答案] D
22.A meal rich in proteins containing the amino acids that stimulate insulin secretion but low in carbohydrate does not cause hypoglycemia because A.the meal causes a compensatory increase in T4 secretion B.cortisol in the circulation prevents glucose from entering muscle C.glucagon secretion is also stimulated by the meal D.the amino acids in the meal are promptly converted to glucose E.insulin does not bind to insulin receptors if the plasma concentration of amino acids is elevated [答案]C 23. Insulin increases the movement of which of the following glucose transporters into the cell membranes of skeletal muscle cells? A.GLUT 1 B. GLUT 2 C.GLUT 3 D.GLUT 4 E.SGLT 1 [答案]D 24. Which of the followings is produced only by large amounts of glucocorticoids？ A.Normal responsiveness of fat depots to norepinephrine B.Maintenance of normal vascular reactivity C.Increased excretion of a water load D.Inhibition of the inflammatory response E.Inhibition of ACTH secretion [答案]D
22. A meal rich in proteins containing the amino acids that stimulate insulin secretion but low in carbohydrate does not cause hypoglycemia because A. the meal causes a compensatory increase in T4 secretion B. cortisol in the circulation prevents glucose from entering muscle C. glucagon secretion is also stimulated by the meal D. the amino acids in the meal are promptly converted to glucose E. insulin does not bind to insulin receptors if the plasma concentration of amino acids is elevated [答案] C 23. Insulin increases the movement of which of the following glucose transporters into the cell membranes of skeletal muscle cells? A. GLUT 1 B. GLUT 2 C. GLUT 3 D. GLUT 4 E. SGLT 1 [答案] D 24. Which of the followings is produced only by large amounts of glucocorticoids? A. Normal responsiveness of fat depots to norepinephrine B. Maintenance of normal vascular reactivity C. Increased excretion of a water load D. Inhibition of the inflammatory response E. Inhibition of ACTH secretion [答案] D
25.Which of the following are incorrectly paired? A.Gluconeogenesis:cortisol B.Free fatty acid mobilization:dehydroepiandrosterone C.Muscle glycogenolysis:epinephrine D.Kaliuresis:aldosterone E.Hepatic glycogenesis:insulin [答案]B 26. Which of the following hormones has the shortest plasma half-life? A.Corticosterone B.Renin C.Dehydroepiandrosterone D.Aldosterone E.Norepinephrine [答案]E 27.Mole for mole,which of the following has the greatest effect on Na+ excretion？ A.Progesterone B.Cortisol C.Vasopressin D.Aldosterone E.Dehydroepiandrosterone [答案]D
25. Which of the following are incorrectly paired? A. Gluconeogenesis: cortisol B. Free fatty acid mobilization: dehydroepiandrosterone C. Muscle glycogenolysis: epinephrine D. Kaliuresis: aldosterone E. Hepatic glycogenesis: insulin [答案] B 26. Which of the following hormones has the shortest plasma half-life? A. Corticosterone B. Renin C. Dehydroepiandrosterone D. Aldosterone E. Norepinephrine [答案] E 27. Mole for mole, which of the following has the greatest effect on Na+ excretion? A. Progesterone B. Cortisol C. Vasopressin D. Aldosterone E. Dehydroepiandrosterone [答案] D
28.Mole for mole,which of the following has the greatest effect on plasma osmolality? A.Progesterotte B.Cortisol C.Vasopressin D.Aldosterone E.Dehydroepiandrosterone [答案]C 29. The secretion of which of the following would be least affected by a decrease in extracellular fluid volume? A.CRH B.Arginine vasopressin C.Dehydroepiandrosterone D.Estrogens E.Aldosterone [答案]D 30.A young man presents with a blood pressure of 175/110 mm Hg.He is found to have a high circulating aldosterone but a low circulating cortisol. Glucocorticoid treatment lowers his circulating aldosterone and lowers his blood pressure to 140/85 mm Hg.He probably has an abnormal A.17alpha-hydroxylase B.21beta-hydroxylase C.3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase D.Aldosterone synthase E.Cholesterol desmolase
28. Mole for mole, which of the following has the greatest effect on plasma osmolality? A. Progesterotte B. Cortisol C. Vasopressin D. Aldosterone E. Dehydroepiandrosterone [答案] C 29. The secretion of which of the following would be least affected by a decrease in extracellular fluid volume? A. CRH B. Arginine vasopressin C. Dehydroepiandrosterone D. Estrogens E. Aldosterone [答案] D 30. A young man presents with a blood pressure of 175/110 mm Hg. He is found to have a high circulating aldosterone but a low circulating cortisol. Glucocorticoid treatment lowers his circulating aldosterone and lowers his blood pressure to 140/85 mm Hg. He probably has an abnormal A. 17alpha-hydroxylase B. 21beta-hydroxylase C. 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase D. Aldosterone synthase E. Cholesterol desmolase