
浙江大学2008-2009学年冬学期 2004级临床医学七年制 《儿科学理论部分》考试试卷(A)卷 开课学院: 医学院,考试形式:闭卷, 考试时间:2008年9月5日,所需时间:90分钟 考生姓名: 学号: 专业班级: 考试誓言 在此,我以诚实、名誉和人格保证,严格遵守考场纪律,绝不违纪。 签名: 二 三 四 五 总分 得分 评卷人 一.选择题(中文题每题1分,共20分)。 1.正常小儿头围48cm时几个月? A.6个月 B.10个月 C.12个月 D.24个月 E.60个月 2.新生儿胆红素脑病早期的主要临床特征是( A.体温升高、体重减轻 B.呼吸困难、发绀明显 C.肢体痉挛、角弓反张 D.前囟隆起、骨缝分离 E.拒乳、嗜睡、肌张力低 3.新生儿化脓性脑膜炎常见的病原菌是: () A.大肠杆菌 B.流感嗜血杆菌
浙江大学 2008–2009 学年冬学期 2004 级临床医学七年制 《儿科学理论部分》考试试卷(A)卷 开课学院: 医学院 ,考试形式:闭卷, 考试时间:2008 年 9 月 5 日, 所需时间: 90 分钟 考生姓名: _____学号: 专业班级: ________ 考试誓言 在此,我以诚实、名誉和人格保证,严格遵守考场纪律,绝不违纪。 签名: 一.选择题(中文题每题 1 分,共 20 分)。 1.正常小儿头围 48cm 时几个月? ( ) A. 6 个月 B. 10 个月 C. 12 个月 D. 24 个月 E. 60 个月 2. 新生儿胆红素脑病早期的主要临床特征是( ) A.体温升高、体重减轻 B.呼吸困难、发绀明显 C.肢体痉挛、角弓反张 D.前囟隆起、骨缝分离 E.拒乳、嗜睡、肌张力低 3.新生儿化脓性脑膜炎常见的病原菌是: ( ) A. 大肠杆菌 B. 流感嗜血杆菌 一 二 三 四 五 总 分 得分 评卷人

C.脑膜炎双球菌 D.肺炎链球菌 E.白色念珠菌 4.患儿男,胎龄40周,4kg,因胎儿宫内窘迫剖腹产。出生时Apga评分1分钟1分,马上需 采取的治疗措施是: A.胸外心脏按压 B.清理呼吸道 C.人工通气 D.应用肾上腺素 E.应用除颤仪 5金黄色葡萄球菌性肺炎胸片特点,以下哪项不正确: () A.多发性小脓肿 B.脓胸 C.脓气胸 D.肺大疱 E.白肺 6患儿3个月,诊断为佝偻病活动期,可出现下列哪项体征: A.鸡胸 B.方颅 C.颅骨软化 D.漏斗胸 E.手镯、脚镯 7.患儿女,11个月,因发热、易激惹2天就诊。发病以来呕吐2次,大便稀,2-3次/天,不 咳。查体:嗜睡,前囟饱满,颈无抵抗,克氏症、布氏症、巴氏征均阳性。以下哪项检查最 为必要: () A.血培养 B.大便培养 C.脑脊液检查 D.头颅CT E.头颅MRI 8腰椎穿刺的禁忌症不包括: () A.喷射性呕吐 B.颅内压明显增高 C.休克 D.穿刺部位皮肤感染 E.呼吸衰竭 9.以下哪项不是呼吸道合胞病毒性肺炎的典型表现: A.气喘
C. 脑膜炎双球菌 D. 肺炎链球菌 E. 白色念珠菌 4.患儿男,胎龄 40 周,4kg,因胎儿宫内窘迫剖腹产。出生时 Apgar 评分 1 分钟 1 分,马上需 采取的治疗措施是: ( ) A. 胸外心脏按压 B. 清理呼吸道 C. 人工通气 D. 应用肾上腺素 E. 应用除颤仪 5.金黄色葡萄球菌性肺炎胸片特点,以下哪项不正确: ( ) A. 多发性小脓肿 B. 脓胸 C. 脓气胸 D. 肺大疱 E. 白肺 6.患儿 3 个月,诊断为佝偻病活动期,可出现下列哪项体征: ( ) A. 鸡胸 B. 方颅 C. 颅骨软化 D. 漏斗胸 E. 手镯、脚镯 7.患儿女,11 个月,因发热、易激惹 2 天就诊。发病以来呕吐 2 次,大便稀,2-3 次/天,不 咳。查体:嗜睡,前囟饱满,颈无抵抗,克氏症、布氏症、巴氏征均阳性 。以下哪项检查最 为必要: ( ) A. 血培养 B. 大便培养 C. 脑脊液检查 D. 头颅 CT E. 头颅 MRI 8.腰椎穿刺的禁忌症不包括: ( ) A. 喷射性呕吐 B. 颅内压明显增高 C. 休克 D. 穿刺部位皮肤感染 E. 呼吸衰竭 9.以下哪项不是呼吸道合胞病毒性肺炎的典型表现: ( ) A. 气喘

B.胸片见大片融合性病灶 C.呼气时间延长 D.多见于小婴儿 E.肺部闻及哮鸣音 10.中度脱水24小时补液总量约为(ml/kg): A.80-100 B.200-250 C.100-120 D.150-180 E.120-150 11.轮状病毒性肠炎多见于下列年龄段的小儿: A.6-24个月 B.3个月内 C.新生儿 D.3-6个月 E.>24个月 12.小儿什么时候中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞所占比例相等: A.4-6天,4-6周 B.4-6周,4-6月 C.4-6月,4-6岁 D.4-6天,4-6岁 E.4-6周,4-6岁 13.患儿男,10个月,因“精神萎靡、食欲差1个月”就诊。患儿生后母乳喂养,4个月改为人 工喂养,以米糊为主。查体:面色苍黄,表情呆滞,头发稀黄,舌有细微震颤,心肺(一),肝 肋下2cm,脾肋下1cm。外周血象:Hb90g/L,RBC2.6×1012L。本患儿最可能的诊断为以下 哪项: () A.营养性缺铁性贫血 B.营养性巨幼细胞性贫血 C.感染性贫血 D.生理性贫血 E.地中海贫血 14.一位正常儿童的收缩血压为94mmHg,根据计算公式推算其年龄可能为:() A.6岁 B.7岁 C.8岁 D.5岁 E.4岁 15.女孩,3岁9个月,体检是发现左侧心前区有VⅣ级收缩期杂音,初步诊断为室间隔缺损。如
B. 胸片见大片融合性病灶 C. 呼气时间延长 D. 多见于小婴儿 E. 肺部闻及哮鸣音 10.中度脱水 24 小时补液总量约为(ml/kg): ( ) A. 80-100 B. 200-250 C. 100-120 D. 150-180 E. 120-150 11.轮状病毒性肠炎多见于下列年龄段的小儿: ( ) A. 6-24 个月 B. 3 个月内 C. 新生儿 D. 3-6 个月 E. >24 个月 12.小儿什么时候中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞所占比例相等: ( ) A. 4-6 天,4-6 周 B. 4-6 周,4-6 月 C. 4-6 月,4-6 岁 D. 4-6 天,4-6 岁 E. 4-6 周,4-6 岁 13.患儿男,10 个月,因“精神萎靡、食欲差 1 个月”就诊。患儿生后母乳喂养,4 个月改为人 工喂养,以米糊为主。查体:面色苍黄,表情呆滞,头发稀黄,舌有细微震颤,心肺(-),肝 肋下 2cm,脾肋下 1cm。外周血象:Hb 90g/L, RBC 2.6×1012/L。本患儿最可能的诊断为以下 哪项: ( ) A. 营养性缺铁性贫血 B. 营养性巨幼细胞性贫血 C. 感染性贫血 D. 生理性贫血 E. 地中海贫血 14.一位正常儿童的收缩血压为94mmHg,根据计算公式推算其年龄可能为: ( ) A. 6岁 B. 7岁 C. 8岁 D. 5岁 E. 4岁 15.女孩,3岁9个月,体检是发现左侧心前区有Ⅳ级收缩期杂音,初步诊断为室间隔缺损。如

要进一步明确诊断,应选择下列哪项最为重要而又无创的诊断方法: A.X线心脏摄片 B.心电图 C.多普勒彩色超声心动图 D.心导管检查 E.心血管造影 16.1岁小儿,因发热、咳嗽5天,腹泻3天,无尿1天入院。体格检查:呼吸深快,唇红,前囟 眼窝明显凹陷,皮肤弹性极差,四肢凉、脉细弱、双肺有中小水泡音,BE为-12.0mmol/L,血 清钠125mmol/L,以下处理哪项不正确: () A.应予纠正酸中毒 B.第1天补液总量150~180ml/kg C.第1天补2/3张含钠液 D.累积损失量于12小时内补完 E.忌扩容,防止脑水肿 17.小儿每日补充生理需要,所需液量: () A.25~50ml/kg B.40~60ml/kg C.60~80ml/kg D.80~110ml/kg E.100~120ml/kg 18.新生儿易患大肠杆菌脑膜炎的主要原因是: () A.生产时通过母亲产道 B.体内缺乏IgM C.体内缺乏IgG D.细胞免疫功能发育不完全 E.血脑屏障发育未完善 19.下列哪项不是新生儿甲状腺功能减低症的特点: A.神经及动作反应迟钝 B.常为早产儿 C.少哭闹,声音嘶哑, D.生理性黄疸时间延长 E.体温低,哭声小 20母体的免疫球蛋白能通过胎盘转移给胎儿的是: A.IgA B.IgG C.IgM D.IgE E.SIgA
要进一步明确诊断,应选择下列哪项最为重要而又无创的诊断方法: ( ) A. X线心脏摄片 B. 心电图 C. 多普勒彩色超声心动图 D. 心导管检查 E. 心血管造影 16. 1岁小儿,因发热、咳嗽5天,腹泻3天,无尿1天入院。体格检查:呼吸深快,唇红,前囟 眼窝明显凹陷,皮肤弹性极差,四肢凉、脉细弱、双肺有中小水泡音,BE为-12.0mmol/L,血 清钠125mmol/L,以下处理哪项不正确: ( ) A. 应予纠正酸中毒 B. 第1天补液总量150~180ml/kg C. 第1天补2/3张含钠液 D. 累积损失量于12小时内补完 E. 忌扩容,防止脑水肿 17.小儿每日补充生理需要,所需液量: ( ) A. 25~50ml/kg B. 40~60ml/kg C. 60~80ml/kg D. 80~110ml/kg E. 100~120ml/kg 18.新生儿易患大肠杆菌脑膜炎的主要原因是: ( ) A. 生产时通过母亲产道 B. 体内缺乏IgM C. 体内缺乏IgG D. 细胞免疫功能发育不完全 E. 血脑屏障发育未完善 19.下列哪项不是新生儿甲状腺功能减低症的特点: ( ) A. 神经及动作反应迟钝 B. 常为早产儿 C. 少哭闹,声音嘶哑, D. 生理性黄疸时间延长 E. 体温低,哭声小 20.母体的免疫球蛋白能通过胎盘转移给胎儿的是: ( ) A. IgA B. IgG C. IgM D. IgE E. SIgA

二、英文选择题(每题2分,共10分)。 1.An 11-month-old girl presents to your emergency department with irritability,fever, and stiff neck.When performing the lumbar puncture in this child,you should ( A.Quickly push the needle in all the way until a pop is felt B.Push the needle in until resistance is felt and then withdraw the stylet C.Use a needle without a stylet D.Twirl the needle repeatedly E.Advance the needle by small increments and remove the stylet after each advance to see if cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)comes out 2.A newborn is noted to be quite jaundiced at 3 days of age.Which of the following factors is associated with an increased risk of neurologic damage in a jaundiced newborn? () A.Metabolic alkalosis B.Intravenous infusion of immunoglobin C.Hyperalbuminemia D.Neonatal sepsis E.Maternal ingestion of phenobarbital during pregnancy 3.A 9-month-old is brought to the emergency center by ambulance.The child had been having emesis and diarrhea with decreased urine output for several days,and the parents noted that she was hard to wake up this morning.Her weight is 9 kg,down from 11 kg the week prior at her 9-month checkup.You note her heart rate was 180 bpm and blood pressure was 70/50mmHg.She is lethargic,and her skin is noted to be "doughy."After confirming that her respiratory status is stable,you send electrolytes, which you expect to be abnormal.You start an intravenous (IV)infusion.The best solution for an initial IV bolus would be () A.1:4 solution (normal saline:5%glucose solution) B.5%glucose solution
二、英文选择题(每题 2 分,共 10 分)。 1. An 11-month-old girl presents to your emergency department with irritability, fever, and stiff neck. When performing the lumbar puncture in this child, you should ( ) A. Quickly push the needle in all the way until a pop is felt B. Push the needle in until resistance is felt and then withdraw the stylet C. Use a needle without a stylet D. Twirl the needle repeatedly E. Advance the needle by small increments and remove the stylet after each advance to see if cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) comes out 2. A newborn is noted to be quite jaundiced at 3 days of age. Which of the following factors is associated with an increased risk of neurologic damage in a jaundiced newborn? ( ) A. Metabolic alkalosis B. Intravenousinfusion of immunoglobin C. Hyperalbuminemia D. Neonatal sepsis E. Maternal ingestion of phenobarbital during pregnancy 3. A 9-month-old is brought to the emergency center by ambulance. The child had been having emesis and diarrhea with decreased urine output for several days, and the parents noted that she was hard to wake up this morning. Her weight is 9 kg, down from 11 kg the week prior at her 9-month checkup. You note her heart rate was 180 bpm and blood pressure was 70/50mmHg. She is lethargic, and her skin is noted to be “doughy.” After confirming that her respiratory status is stable, you send electrolytes, which you expect to be abnormal. You start an intravenous (IV) infusion. The best solution for an initial IV bolus would be ( ) A. 1:4 solution (normal saline : 5% glucose solution) B. 5% glucose solution

C.2:1 solution (Normal saline:1.4%sodium biocarbonate) D.2:3:1 solution (Normal saline 5%Glucose:1.4%sodium bicarbonate) E.Fresh-frozen plasma Items 4-5 4.On a routine well-child examination,a 1-year-old boy is noted to be pale.He is in the seventy-fifth percentile for weight and the twenty-fifth percentile for length.Results of physical examination are otherwise normal.His hematocrit is 24%.Of the following questions,which is most likely to be helpful in making a diagnosis? () A.What is the child's usual daily diet? B.Did the child receive phototherapy for neonatal jaundice? C.Has anyone in the family received a blood transfusion? D.Is the child on any medications? E.What is the pattern and appearance of his bowel movements? 5.Having performed a complete history and physical examination on the patient,you proceed with a diagnostic workup.Initial laboratory results are as follows:hemoglobin 8 g/dL;hematocrit 24%;leukocyte count 11,000/uL with 38%neutrophils,7%bands, 55%lymphocytes;hypochromia on smear;lead level 7 ug/dL (whole blood);platelet count adequate;reticulocyte count 0.5%;sickle cell preparation negative;stool guaiac negative;and mean corpuscular volume (MCV)65 fl.You would most appropriately recommend A.Blood transfusion B.Oral ferrous sulfate C.Intramuscular iron dextran D.An iron-fortified cereal E.Calcium EDTA 三.名词解释(每题4分,共20分,必须英文作答,中文作答不给分)。 1.Underweight:
C. 2:1 solution (Normal saline : 1.4% sodium biocarbonate) D. 2:3:1 solution (Normal saline : 5% Glucose : 1.4% sodium bicarbonate) E. Fresh-frozen plasma Items 4–5 4. On a routine well-child examination, a 1-year-old boy is noted to be pale. He is in the seventy-fifth percentile for weight and the twenty-fifth percentile for length. Results of physical examination are otherwise normal. His hematocrit is 24%. Of the following questions, which is most likely to be helpful in making a diagnosis? ( ) A. What is the child’s usual daily diet? B. Did the child receive phototherapy for neonatal jaundice? C. Has anyone in the family received a blood transfusion? D. Is the child on any medications? E. What is the pattern and appearance of his bowel movements? 5. Having performed a complete history and physical examination on the patient, you proceed with a diagnostic workup. Initial laboratory results are as follows: hemoglobin 8 g/dL; hematocrit 24%; leukocyte count 11,000/μL with 38% neutrophils, 7% bands, 55% lymphocytes; hypochromia on smear; lead level 7 μg/dL (whole blood); platelet count adequate; reticulocyte count 0.5%; sickle cell preparation negative; stool guaiac negative; and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) 65 fl. You would most appropriately recommend ( ) A. Blood transfusion B. Oral ferrous sulfate C. Intramuscular iron dextran D. An iron-fortified cereal E. Calcium EDTA 三.名词解释(每题 4 分,共 20 分,必须英文作答,中文作答不给分)。 1.Underweight:

2.Postterm infant: 3.Isotonic dehydration: 4.Down Syndrome: 5.Subdural effusion 四.简答题(共18分)。 1.哪些情况下PPD试验阳性提示活动性结核?(4分) 2.简述营养不良的并发症(4分)。 3.简述新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病治疗原则(5分)
2. Postterm infant: 3.Isotonic dehydration: 4.Down Syndrome: 5.Subdural effusion : 四.简答题(共 18 分)。 1.哪些情况下 PPD 试验阳性提示活动性结核?(4 分) 2.简述营养不良的并发症(4 分)。 3.简述新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病治疗原则(5 分)

4.简述肾病综合征的并发症。(5分) 五.问答题(每题8分,共32分)。 1.患儿女,5个月,发热呕吐2天,抽搐2次入院。查体:体温39℃,嗜睡,前囟饱满,颈项 强直。腰穿脑脊液微浑,白细胞数2000×10L,多核为主,蛋白(++),糖1.67mmol/L,大剂 量的青霉素治疗5天,热退,脑脊液好转,继续治疗5天后又复高热,抽搐,神智欠清,前囟 隆起。 问:1)该患儿最可能的诊断及诊断依据。 2)进一步需完善的检查。 3)确诊后如何治疗? 2.患儿男,5岁,一月来眼脸、下肢浮肿、尿少。查体:BP100/80mmHg(13.310.6Kpa), 精神萎靡,面色苍白,心肺听诊无异常,腹部膨胀,移动性浊音阳性,下肢凹陷性浮肿,尿 常规:蛋白++,尿沉渣检查阴性。血沉70mm/h,胆固醇8.5mmol/L,血浆白蛋白25g/L,血清 补体CH50、C3正常,肾功能检查正常。 问:1)可能的诊断及诊断依据。 2)试述该病临床分型。该患儿属于哪一型?依据是什么? 3)试述该患儿治疗原则。 3.患儿,男,5个月,发热、喘憋3天,查体:体温38.2℃,呼吸65次/分,心率162次/分,面 色发绀,烦躁,呻吟。双肺可闻及大量哮鸣音,肝右肋下2m。胸片示双肺透亮度增加,双肺 下野纹理增粗。血气分析PH7.28,PaO249mmHg,PaCO251mmHg,BE-3 mmol/L。血常规: Hb109g/L,WBC9.06×10°L,N36%,L62%,M2%。 问:1)完整诊断及诊断依据。 2)若考虑病毒感染,可能哪种病毒引起? 3)对其治疗,应采取什么措施? 4.患儿女,5岁,经常反复呼吸道感染,体格检查发现胸骨左缘第2肋间有Ⅱ一Ⅲ级喷射性收 缩期杂音,未触及震颤,肺动脉第2音增强、亢进伴固定分裂。胸透下可见“肺门舞蹈征, 心脏轻度增大,心影略呈梨形,心电图示电轴右偏,V1呈sR型。 问:1)该患儿可能的诊断及诊断依据。 2)该病的血流动力学改变。 3)该患儿的最佳治疗方案
4.简述肾病综合征的并发症。(5 分) 五.问答题(每题 8 分,共 32 分)。 1.患儿女,5个月,发热呕吐2天,抽搐2次入院。查体:体温39℃,嗜睡,前囟饱满,颈项 强直。腰穿脑脊液微浑,白细胞数2000×106 /L,多核为主,蛋白(+++),糖1.67mmol/L,大剂 量的青霉素治疗5天,热退,脑脊液好转,继续治疗5天后又复高热,抽搐,神智欠清,前囟 隆起。 问:1)该患儿最可能的诊断及诊断依据。 2)进一步需完善的检查。 3)确诊后如何治疗? 2.患儿男,5岁,一月来眼睑、下肢浮肿、尿少。查体:BP 100/80mmHg(13.3/10.6 Kpa), 精神萎靡,面色苍白,心肺听诊无异常,腹部膨胀,移动性浊音阳性,下肢凹陷性浮肿,尿 常规:蛋白+++,尿沉渣检查阴性。血沉70mm/h,胆固醇 8.5mmol/L,血浆白蛋白25g/L,血清 补体CH50、C3正常,肾功能检查正常。 问:1)可能的诊断及诊断依据。 2)试述该病临床分型。该患儿属于哪一型?依据是什么? 3)试述该患儿治疗原则。 3. 患儿,男,5个月,发热、喘憋3天,查体:体温38.2℃,呼吸65次/分,心率162次/分,面 色发绀,烦躁,呻吟。双肺可闻及大量哮鸣音,肝右肋下2cm。胸片示双肺透亮度增加,双肺 下野纹理增粗。血气分析 PH 7.28,PaO249mmHg,PaCO251mmHg,BE -3mmol/L。血常规: Hb109g/L,WBC 9.06×109 /L,N 36%,L 62% ,M 2%。 问:1)完整诊断及诊断依据。 2)若考虑病毒感染,可能哪种病毒引起? 3)对其治疗,应采取什么措施? 4.患儿女,5 岁,经常反复呼吸道感染,体格检查发现胸骨左缘第 2 肋间有Ⅱ~Ⅲ级喷射性收 缩期杂音,未触及震颤,肺动脉第 2 音增强、亢进伴固定分裂。胸透下可见“肺门舞蹈”征, 心脏轻度增大,心影略呈梨形,心电图示电轴右偏,V1 呈 rsR'型。 问:1)该患儿可能的诊断及诊断依据。 2)该病的血流动力学改变。 3)该患儿的最佳治疗方案
