CHAPTER 8 KIDNEY MCQ(Please select the best single answer) A1型题 1.In the presence of vasopressin,the greatest fraction of filtered water is absorbed in the A.proximal tubule B.loop of Henle C.distal tubule D.cortical collecting duct E.medullary collecting duct [答案]A 2.In the absence of vasopressin,the greatest fraction of filtered water is absorbed in the A.proximal tubule B.loop of Henle C.distal tubule D.cortical collecting duct E.medullary collecting duct [答案]A 3.If the clearance of a substance which is freely filtered is less than that of insulin A.there is net reabsorption of the substance in the tubules B.there is net secretion of the substance in the tubules
CHAPTER 8 KIDNEY MCQ(Please select the best single answer) A1 型题 1. In the presence of vasopressin, the greatest fraction of filtered water is absorbed in the A. proximal tubule B. loop of Henle C. distal tubule D. cortical collecting duct E. medullary collecting duct [答案] A 2. In the absence of vasopressin, the greatest fraction of filtered water is absorbed in the A. proximal tubule B. loop of Henle C. distal tubule D. cortical collecting duct E. medullary collecting duct [答案] A 3. If the clearance of a substance which is freely filtered is less than that of insulin A. there is net reabsorption of the substance in the tubules B. there is net secretion of the substance in the tubules
C.the substance is neither secreted nor reabsorbed in the tubules D.the substance becomes bound to protein in the tubules E.the substance is secreted in the proximal tubule to a greater degree than in the distal tubule [答案]A 4.Glucose reabsorption occurs in the A.proximal tubule B.loop of Henle C.distal tubule D.cortical collecting duct E.medullary collecting duct [答案]A 5.On which of the following does aldosterone exert its greatest effect? A.Glomerulus B.Proximal tubule C.Thin portion of the loop of Henle D.Thick portion of the loop of Henle E.Cortical collecting duct [答案]E 6.What is the clearance of a substance when its concentration in the plasma is 10 mg/dL,its concentration in the urine is 100 mg/dL,and urine flow is 2 mL/min? A.2 mL/min B.10 mL/min C.20 mL/min
C. the substance is neither secreted nor reabsorbed in the tubules D. the substance becomes bound to protein in the tubules E. the substance is secreted in the proximal tubule to a greater degree than in the distal tubule [答案] A 4. Glucose reabsorption occurs in the A. proximal tubule B. loop of Henle C. distal tubule D. cortical collecting duct E. medullary collecting duct [答案] A 5. On which of the following does aldosterone exert its greatest effect? A. Glomerulus B. Proximal tubule C. Thin portion of the loop of Henle D. Thick portion of the loop of Henle E. Cortical collecting duct [答案] E 6. What is the clearance of a substance when its concentration in the plasma is 10 mg/dL, its concentration in the urine is 100 mg/dL, and urine flow is 2 mL/min? A. 2 mL/min B. l0 mL/min C. 20 mL/min
D.200 mL/min E.Clearance cannot be determined from the information given [答案]C 7.As urine flow increases during osmotic diuresis A.the osmolality of urine falls below that of plasma B.the osmolality of urine increases because of the increased amounts of nonreabsorbable solute in the urine C.the osmolality of urine approaches that of plasma because plasma leaks into the tubules D.the osmolality of urine approaches that of plasma because an increasingly large fraction of the excreted urine is isotonic proximal tubular fluid E.the action of vasopressin on the renal tubules is inhibited [答案]D 8.A loss-of-function mutation in the gene for which of the following proteins is associated with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus? A.Aquaporin-1 B.Aquaporin-2 C.Aquaporin-3 D.Aquaporin-4 E.Aquaporin-5 [答案]B 9.A gain-of-function mutation in the gene for which of the following proteins is associated with Na+retention and hypertension with a normal or low plasma aldosterone level (Liddle's syndrome)?
D. 200 mL/min E. Clearance cannot be determined from the information given [答案] C 7. As urine flow increases during osmotic diuresis A. the osmolality of urine falls below that of plasma B. the osmolality of urine increases because of the increased amounts of nonreabsorbable solute in the urine C. the osmolality of urine approaches that of plasma because plasma leaks into the tubules D. the osmolality of urine approaches that of plasma because an increasingly large fraction of the excreted urine is isotonic proximal tubular fluid E. the action of vasopressin on the renal tubules is inhibited [答案] D 8. A loss-of-function mutation in the gene for which of the following proteins is associated with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus? A. Aquaporin-1 B. Aquaporin-2 C. Aquaporin-3 D. Aquaporin-4 E. Aquaporin-5 [答案] B 9. A gain-of-function mutation in the gene for which of the following proteins is associated with Na+ retention and hypertension with a normal or low plasma aldosterone level (Liddle’s syndrome)?
A.Aldosterone syntheses B.An inward rectifier K+channel C.11 B-Hydroxylasel D.V2 receptor E.Epithelial Na channel [答案]E 10. Dehydration increases the plasma concentration of all the following hormones except A. vasopressin B. angiotensin II C.aldosterone D.norepinephrine E.atrial natriuretic peptide [答案]E 11.Which of the following is an important buffer in interstitial fluid? A.Hemoglobin B.Other proteins C.Carbonic acid D.H2P04 E.Compounds containing histidine [答案]C 12. Increasing alveolar ventilation increases the blood pH because A.it activates neural mechanisms that remove acid from the blood B.it makes hemoglobin a stronger acid
A. Aldosterone syntheses B. An inward rectifier K+ channel C. 11β-Hydroxylasel D. V2 receptor E. Epithelial Na channel [答案] E 10. Dehydration increases the plasma concentration of all the following hormones except A. vasopressin B. angiotensin II C. aldosterone D. norepinephrine E. atrial natriuretic peptide [答案] E 11. Which of the following is an important buffer in interstitial fluid? A. Hemoglobin B. Other proteins C. Carbonic acid D. H2PO4 E. Compounds containing histidine [答案] C 12. Increasing alveolar ventilation increases the blood pH because A. it activates neural mechanisms that remove acid from the blood B. it makes hemoglobin a stronger acid
C.it increases the Po2 of the blood D.it decreases the Po2 in the alveoli E.the increased muscle work of increased breathing generates more C02 [答案]D 13.In uncompensated metabolic alkalosis A.the plasma pH,the plasma HC03-concentration,and the arterial Pco2 are all low B.the plasma pH is high and the plasma HCo3-concentration and arterial Pco2 are low C.the plasma pH and the plasma HC03-concentration are low and the arterial Pco2 is normal D.the plasma pH and the plasma HC03-concentration are high and the arterial Pco2 is normal E.the plasma pH is low,the plasma HC03-concentration is high,and the arterial Pco2 is normal [答案]D 14.In a patient with a plasma pH of 7.10,the [HC03-]/[H2C03]ratio in plasma is A.20 B.10 C.2 D.1 E.0.1 [答案]B
C. it increases the Po2 of the blood D. it decreases the Po2 in the alveoli E. the increased muscle work of increased breathing generates more CO2 [答案] D 13. In uncompensated metabolic alkalosis A. the plasma pH, the plasma HCO3- concentration, and the arterial Pco2 are all low B. the plasma pH is high and the plasma HCO3- concentration and arterial Pco2 are low C. the plasma pH and the plasma HCO3- concentration are low and the arterial Pco2 is normal D. the plasma pH and the plasma HCO3- concentration are high and the arterial Pco2 is normal E. the plasma pH is low, the plasma HCO3- concentration is high, and the arterial Pco2 is normal [答案] D 14. In a patient with a plasma pH of 7.10, the [HCO3-]/[H2CO3] ratio in plasma is A. 20 B. 10 C. 2 D. 1 E. 0.1 [答案] B
15.In a patient who has become dehydrated,body water should be replaced by intravenous infusion of A.distilled water B.0.9%sodium chloride solution C.5%glucose solution D.hyperoncotic albumin E.10%glucose solution [答案]C
15. In a patient who has become dehydrated, body water should be replaced by intravenous infusion of A. distilled water B. 0.9% sodium chloride solution C. 5% glucose solution D. hyperoncotic albumin E. 10% glucose solution [答案] C