Cardiovascular Physiology MCQ (Please select the single best answer) A1型题 1.Arteriography of a patient's left renal artery shows narrowing of the radius of the artery by 50%.What is the expected change in blood flow through the stenotic artery? A.Decrease to 1/2 B.Decrease to 1/4 C.Decrease to 1/8 D.Decrease to 1/16 E.No change [答案]D 2. When a person moves from a supine position to a standing position,which of the following compensatory changes occurs? A.Decreased heart rate B.Increased contractility C.Decreased total peripheral resistance (TPR) D.Decreased cardiac output E.Increased PR intervals [答案]B 3.At which site is systolic blood pressure the highest? A.Aorta B.Central vein
Cardiovascular Physiology MCQ (Please select the single best answer) A1 型题 1. Arteriography of a patient's left renal artery shows narrowing of the radius of the artery by 50%. What is the expected change in blood flow through the stenotic artery? A. Decrease to 1/2 B. Decrease to 1/4 C. Decrease to 1/8 D. Decrease to 1/16 E. No change [答案] D 2. When a person moves from a supine position to a standing position, which of the following compensatory changes occurs? A. Decreased heart rate B. Increased contractility C. Decreased total peripheral resistance (TPR) D. Decreased cardiac output E. Increased PR intervals [答案] B 3. At which site is systolic blood pressure the highest? A. Aorta B. Central vein
C.Pulmonary artery D.Right atrium E.Renal artery F.Renal vein [答案]E 4.A person's electrocardiogram (ECG)has no P wave,but has a normal QRS complex and a normal T wave.Therefore,his pacemaker is located in the A.sinoatrial (SA)node B.atrioventricular (AV)node C.bundle of His D.Purkinje system E.ventricular muscle [答案]B 5.If the ejection fraction increases,therewill be a decrease in A.cardiac output B.end-diastolic volume C.end-systolic volume D.heart rate E.pulse pressure F.stroke volume G.systolic pressure [答案]C 6.The tendency for blood flow to be turbulent is increased by A.increased viscosity
C. Pulmonary artery D. Right atrium E. Renal artery F. Renal vein [答案] E 4. A person's electrocardiogram (ECG) has no P wave, but has a normal QRS complex and a normal T wave. Therefore, his pacemaker is located in the A. sinoatrial (SA) node B. atrioventricular (AV) node C. bundle of His D. Purkinje system E. ventricular muscle [答案] B 5. If the ejection fraction increases, therewill be a decrease in A. cardiac output B. end-diastolic volume C. end-systolic volume D. heart rate E. pulse pressure F. stroke volume G. systolic pressure [答案] C 6. The tendency for blood flow to be turbulent is increased by A. increased viscosity
B.increased hematocrit C.partial occlusion of a blood vessel D.decreased velocity of blood flow [答案]C 7.A patient experiences orthostatic hypotension after a sympathectomy.The explanation for this occurrence is A.an exaggerated response of the reninangiotensin-aldosterone system B.a suppressed response of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system C.an exaggerated response of the baroreceptor mechanism D.a suppressed response of the baroreceptor mechanism [答案]D 8.The ventricles are completely depolarized during which isoelectric portion of the electrocardiogram (ECG)? A.PR interval B.QRS complex C.QT interval D.ST segment E.T wave [答案]D 9.In which of the following situations is pulmonary blood flow greater than aortic blood flow? A.Normal adult B.Fetus C.Left-to-right ventricular shunt
B. increased hematocrit C. partial occlusion of a blood vessel D. decreased velocity of blood flow [答案] C 7. A patient experiences orthostatic hypotension after a sympathectomy. The explanation for this occurrence is A. an exaggerated response of the reninangiotensin-aldosterone system B. a suppressed response of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system C. an exaggerated response of the baroreceptor mechanism D. a suppressed response of the baroreceptor mechanism [答案] D 8. The ventricles are completely depolarized during which isoelectric portion of the electrocardiogram (ECG)? A. PR interval B. QRS complex C. QT interval D. ST segment E. T wave [答案] D 9. In which of the following situations is pulmonary blood flow greater than aortic blood flow? A. Normal adult B. Fetus C. Left-to-right ventricular shunt
D.Right-to-left ventricular shunt E.Right ventricular failure F.Administration of a positive inotropic agent [答案]C 10.A person's electrocardiogram (ECG)shows two P waves preceding each QRS complex.The interpretation of this pattern is A.decreased firing rate of the pacemaker in the sinoatrial (SA)node B.decreased firing rate of the pacemaker in the atrioventricular (AV)node C.increased firing rate of the pacemaker in the SA node D.decreased conduction through the AV node E.increased conduction through the His-Purkinje system [答案]D 11.An acute decrease in arterial blood pressure elicits which of the following compensatory changes? A.Decreased firing rate of the carotid sinus nerve B.Increased parasympathetic outflow to the heart C.Decreased heart rate D.Decreased contractility E.Decreased mean systemic pressure [答案]A 12.The tendency for edema to occur will be increased by A.arteriolar constriction B.increased venous pressure C.increased plasma protein concentration
D. Right-to-left ventricular shunt E. Right ventricular failure F. Administration of a positive inotropic agent [答案] C 10. A person's electrocardiogram (ECG) shows two P waves preceding each QRS complex. The interpretation of this pattern is A. decreased firing rate of the pacemaker in the sinoatrial (SA) node B. decreased firing rate of the pacemaker in the atrioventricular (AV) node C. increased firing rate of the pacemaker in the SA node D. decreased conduction through the AV node E. increased conduction through the His-Purkinje system [答案] D 11. An acute decrease in arterial blood pressure elicits which of the following compensatory changes? A. Decreased firing rate of the carotid sinus nerve B. Increased parasympathetic outflow to the heart C. Decreased heart rate D. Decreased contractility E. Decreased mean systemic pressure [答案] A 12. The tendency for edema to occur will be increased by A. arteriolar constriction B. increased venous pressure C. increased plasma protein concentration
D.muscular activity [答案]B 13. Inspiration "splits"the second heart sound because A.the aortic valve closes before the pulmonic valve B.the pulmonic valve closes before the aortic valve C.the mitral valve closes before the tricuspid valve D.the tricuspid valve closes before the mitral valve E.filling of the ventricles has fast and slow components [答案]A 14.During exercise,total peripheral resistance (TPR)decreases because of the effect of A.the sympathetic nervous system on splanchnic arterioles B.the parasympathetic nervous system on skeletal muscle arterioles C.local metabolites on skeletal muscle arterioles D.local metabolites on cerebral arterioles E.histamine on skeletal muscle arterioles [答案]C 15.An increase in arteriolar resistance,without a change in any other component of the cardiovascular system,will produce A.a decrease in total peripheral resistance(TPR) B.an increase in capillary filtration C.an increase in arterial pressure D.a decrease in afterload [答案]C
D. muscular activity [答案] B 13. Inspiration "splits" the second heart sound because A. the aortic valve closes before the pulmonic valve B. the pulmonic valve closes before the aortic valve C. the mitral valve closes before the tricuspid valve D. the tricuspid valve closes before the mitral valve E. filling of the ventricles has fast and slow components [答案] A 14. During exercise, total peripheral resistance (TPR) decreases because of the effect of A. the sympathetic nervous system on splanchnic arterioles B. the parasympathetic nervous system on skeletal muscle arterioles C. local metabolites on skeletal muscle arterioles D. local metabolites on cerebral arterioles E. histamine on skeletal muscle arterioles [答案] C 15. An increase in arteriolar resistance, without a change in any other component of the cardiovascular system, will produce A. a decrease in total peripheral resistance(TPR) B. an increase in capillary filtration C. an increase in arterial pressure D. a decrease in afterload [答案] C
16.Which of the following is the result of an inward Na+current? A.Upstroke of the action potential in the sinoatrial (SA)node B.Upstroke of the action potential in Purkinje fibers C.Plateau of the action potential in ventricular muscle D.Repolarization of the action potential in ventricular muscle E.Repolarization of the action potential in the SA node [答案]B 17.The greatest pressure decrease in the circulation occurs across the arterioles because A.they have the greatest surface area B.they have the greatest cross-sectional area C.the velocity of blood flow through them is the highest D.the velocity of blood flow through them is the lowest E.they have the greatest resistance [答案]E 18.Pulse pressure is A.the highest pressure measured in the arteries B.the lowest pressure measured in the arteries C.measured only during diastole D.determined by stroke volume E.decreased when the capacitance of the arteries decreases F.the difference between mean arterial pressure and central venous pressure [答案]D
16. Which of the following is the result of an inward Na+ current? A. Upstroke of the action potential in the sinoatrial (SA) node B. Upstroke of the action potential in Purkinje fibers C. Plateau of the action potential in ventricular muscle D. Repolarization of the action potential in ventricular muscle E. Repolarization of the action potential in the SA node [答案] B 17. The greatest pressure decrease in the circulation occurs across the arterioles because A. they have the greatest surface area B. they have the greatest cross-sectional area C. the velocity of blood flow through them is the highest D. the velocity of blood flow through them is the lowest E. they have the greatest resistance [答案] E 18. Pulse pressure is A. the highest pressure measured in the arteries B. the lowest pressure measured in the arteries C. measured only during diastole D. determined by stroke volume E. decreased when the capacitance of the arteries decreases F. the difference between mean arterial pressure and central venous pressure [答案] D
19.In the sinoatrial (SA)node,phase 4 depolarization (pacemaker potential) is attributable to A.an increase in K+conductance B.an increase in Na+conductance C.a decrease in Cl-conductance D.a decrease in Ca2+conductance E.simultaneous increases in K+and C1-conductances [答案]B 20. Which receptor mediates constriction of arteriolar smooth muscle? A.a 1 Receptors B.B1 Receptors C.B2 Receptors D.Muscarinic receptors [答案]A 21.During which phase of the cardiac cycle is aortic pressure highest? A.Atrial systole B.Isovolumetric ventricular contraction C.Rapid ventricular ejection D.Reduced ventricular ejection E.Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation F.Rapid ventricular filling G.Reduced ventricular filling (diastasis) [答案]D
19. In the sinoatrial (SA) node,phase 4 depolarization (pacemaker potential) is attributable to A. an increase in K+ conductance B. an increase in Na+ conductance C. a decrease in C1- conductance D. a decrease in Ca2+ conductance E. simultaneous increases in K+ and C1- conductances [答案] B 20. Which receptor mediates constriction of arteriolar smooth muscle? A. α1 Receptors B. β1 Receptors C. β2 Receptors D. Muscarinic receptors [答案] A 21. During which phase of the cardiac cycle is aortic pressure highest? A. Atrial systole B. Isovolumetric ventricular contraction C. Rapid ventricular ejection D. Reduced ventricular ejection E. Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation F. Rapid ventricular filling G. Reduced ventricular filling (diastasis) [答案] D
22. Myocardial contractility is best correlated with the intracellular concentration of A.Na+ B.K+ C.Ca2+ D.C1- E.Mg2+ [答案]C 23. Which of the following is an effect of histamine? A.Decreased capillary filtration B.Vasodilation of the arterioles C.Vasodilation of the veins D.Decreased Pc E.Interaction with the muscarinie receptors on the blood vessels [答案]B 24. Carbon dioxide (C02)regulates blood flow to which one of the following organs? A.Heart B.Skin C.Brain D.Skeletal muscle at rest E.Skeletal muscle during exercise [答案]C
22. Myocardial contractility is best correlated with the intracellular concentration of A. Na+ B. K+ C. Ca2+ D. C1- E. Mg2+ [答案] C 23. Which of the following is an effect of histamine? A. Decreased capillary filtration B. Vasodilation of the arterioles C. Vasodilation of the veins D. Decreased Pc E. Interaction with the muscarinie receptors on the blood vessels [答案] B 24. Carbon dioxide (CO2) regulates blood flow to which one of the following organs? A. Heart B. Skin C. Brain D. Skeletal muscle at rest E. Skeletal muscle during exercise [答案] C
25.Cardiac output of the right side of the heart is what percentage of the cardiac output of the left side of the heart? A. 25% B. 50% C.75% D.100% E.125% [答案]D 26. The physiologic function of the relatively slow conduction through the atrioventricula r(AV)node is to allow sufficient time for A.runoff of blood from the aorta to the arteries B.venous return to the atria C.filling of the ventricles D.contraction of the ventricles E.repolarization of the ventricles [答案]C 27.Blood flow to which organ is controlled primarily by the sympathetic nervous system A.Skin B.Heart C.Brain D.Skeletal muscle during exercise [答案]A 28.Which of the following parameters is decreased during moderate exercise?
25. Cardiac output of the right side of the heart is what percentage of the cardiac output of the left side of the heart? A. 25% B. 50% C. 75% D. 100% E. 125% [答案] D 26. The physiologic function of the relatively slow conduction through the atrioventricula r(AV) node is to allow sufficient time for A. runoff of blood from the aorta to the arteries B. venous return to the atria C. filling of the ventricles D. contraction of the ventricles E. repolarization of the ventricles [答案] C 27. Blood flow to which organ is controlled primarily by the sympathetic nervous system A. Skin B. Heart C. Brain D. Skeletal muscle during exercise [答案] A 28. Which of the following parameters is decreased during moderate exercise?
A.Arteriovenous 02 difference B.Heart rate C.Cardiac output D.Pulse pressure E.Total peripheral resistance (TPR) [答案]E 29.Which receptor is blocked when propranolol is administered to reduce cardiac output? A.a 1 receptors B.B1 receptors C.B2 receptors D.Muscarinic receptors E.Nicotinic receptors [答案]B 30. During which phase of the cardiac cycle is ventricular volume lowest? A.Atrial systole B.Isovolumetric ventricular contraction C.Rapid ventricular ejection D.Reduced ventricular ejection E.Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation F.Rapid ventricular filling G.Reduced ventricular filling (diastasis) [答案]E
A. Arteriovenous O2 difference B. Heart rate C. Cardiac output D. Pulse pressure E. Total peripheral resistance (TPR) [答案] E 29. Which receptor is blocked when propranolol is administered to reduce cardiac output? A. α1 receptors B. β1 receptors C. β2 receptors D. Muscarinic receptors E. Nicotinic receptors [答案] B 30. During which phase of the cardiac cycle is ventricular volume lowest? A. Atrial systole B. Isovolumetric ventricular contraction C. Rapid ventricular ejection D. Reduced ventricular ejection E. Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation F. Rapid ventricular filling G. Reduced ventricular filling (diastasis) [答案] E