Renal and Acid-Base Physiology MCQ (Please select the single best answer) A1型题 1.Secretion of K+by the distal tubule will be decreased by A.metabolic alkalosis B.a high-K+diet C.hyperaldosteronism D.spironolactone administration E.thiazide diuretic administration [答案]D 2.Subjects A and B are 70 kg men.Subject A drinks 2 L of distilled water, and subject B drinks 2 L of isotonic NaCl.As a result of these ingestions,subject B will have a A.greater change in intracellular fluid (ICF)volume B.higher positive free-water clearance (CH20) C.greater change in plasma osmolarity D.higher urine osmolarity E.higher urine flow rate [答案]D 3.The reabsorption of filtered HCO A.results in reabsorption of less than 50%of the filtered load when the plasma concentration of HCO is 24 mEq/L B.acidifies tubular fluid to a pH of 4.4
Renal and Acid-Base Physiology MCQ (Please select the single best answer) A1 型题 1. Secretion of K+ by the distal tubule will be decreased by A. metabolic alkalosis B. a high-K+ diet C. hyperaldosteronism D. spironolactone administration E. thiazide diuretic administration [答案] D 2. Subjects A and B are 70 kg men. Subject A drinks 2 L of distilled water, and subject B drinks 2 L of isotonic NaCl. As a result of these ingestions, subject B will have a A. greater change in intracellular fluid (ICF) volume B. higher positive free-water clearance (CH2O) C. greater change in plasma osmolarity D. higher urine osmolarity E. higher urine flow rate [答案] D 3. The reabsorption of filtered HCO A. results in reabsorption of less than 50% of the filtered load when the plasma concentration of HCO is 24 mEq/L B. acidifies tubular fluid to a pH of 4.4
C.is directly linked to excretion of H+as NH D.is inhibited by decreases in arterial PC02 E.can proceed normally in the presence of a renal carbonic anhydrase inhibitor [答案]D 4.To maintain normal H+balance,total daily excretion of H+should equal the daily A.fixed acid production plus fixed acid ingestion B.HCO excretion C.HCO filtered load D.titratable acid excretion E.filtered load of H+ [答案]A 5.One gram of mannitol was injected into a woman.After equilibration,a plasma sample had a mannitol concentration of 0.08 g/L.During the equilibration period,20%of the injected mannitol was excreted in the urine.The subject's A.extracellular fluid (ECF)volume is 1 L B.intracellular fluid (ICF)volume is 1 L C.ECF volume is 10 L D.ICF volume is 10 L E.interstitial volume is 12.5 L [答案]C 6.At plasma concentrations of glucose higher than occur at transport maximum (Tm),the
C. is directly linked to excretion of H+ as NH D. is inhibited by decreases in arterial PCO2 E. can proceed normally in the presence of a renal carbonic anhydrase inhibitor [答案] D 4. To maintain normal H+ balance, total daily excretion of H+ should equal the daily A. fixed acid production plus fixed acid ingestion B. HCO excretion C. HCO filtered load D. titratable acid excretion E. filtered load of H+ [答案] A 5. One gram of mannitol was injected into a woman. After equilibration, a plasma sample had a mannitol concentration of 0.08 g/L. During the equilibration period, 20% of the injected mannitol was excreted in the urine. The subject’s A. extracellular fluid (ECF) volume is 1 L B. intracellular fluid (ICF) volume is 1 L C. ECF volume is 10 L D. ICF volume is 10 L E. interstitial volume is 12.5 L [答案] C 6. At plasma concentrations of glucose higher than occur at transport maximum (Tm), the
A.clearance of glucose is zero B.excretion rate of glucose equals the filtration rate of glucose C.reabsorption rate of glucose equals the filtration rate of glucose D.excretion rate of glucose increases with increasing plasma glucose concentrations E. renal vein glucose concentration equals the renal artery glucose concentration [答案]D 7.A negative free-water clearance (-CH20)will occur in a person who A.drinks 2 L of distilled water in 30 minutes B.begins excreting large volumes of urine with an osmolarity of 100 mOsm/L after a severe head injury C.is receiving lithium treatment for depression,and has polyuria that is unresponsive to the administration of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) D.has an oat cell carcinoma of the lung,and excretes urine with an osmolarity of 1000 mOsm/L [答案]D 8.A buffer pair (HA/A-)has a pK of 5.4.At a blood pH of 7.4,the concentration of HA is A.1/100 that of A- B.1/10 that of A- C.equal to that of A- D.10 times that of A- E.100 times that of A- [答案]A
A. clearance of glucose is zero B. excretion rate of glucose equals the filtration rate of glucose C. reabsorption rate of glucose equals the filtration rate of glucose D. excretion rate of glucose increases with increasing plasma glucose concentrations E. renal vein glucose concentration equals the renal artery glucose concentration [答案] D 7. A negative free-water clearance (-CH2O) will occur in a person who A. drinks 2 L of distilled water in 30 minutes B. begins excreting large volumes of urine with an osmolarity of 100 mOsm/L after a severe head injury C. is receiving lithium treatment for depression, and has polyuria that is unresponsive to the administration of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) D. has an oat cell carcinoma of the lung, and excretes urine with an osmolarity of 1000 mOsm/L [答案] D 8. A buffer pair (HA/A-) has a pK of 5.4. At a blood pH of 7.4, the concentration of HA is A. 1/100 that of A- B. 1/10 that of A- C. equal to that of A- D. 10 times that of A- E. 100 times that of A- [答案] A
9.Which of the following would produce an increase in the reabsorption of isosmotic fluid in the proximal tubule? A.Increased filtration fraction B.Extracellular fluid (ECF)volume expansion C.Decreased peritubular capillary protein concentration D.Increased peritubular capillary hydrostatic pressure E.Oxygen deprivation [答案]A 10. Which of the following substances or combinations of substances could be used to measure interstitial fluid volume? A.Mannitol B.D20 alone C.Evans blue D.Inulin and D20 E.Inulin and radioactive albumin [答案]E 11.At plasma para-aminohippuric acid (PAH)concentrations below the transport maximum (Tm),PAH A.reabsorption is not saturated B.clearance equals inulin clearance C.secretion rate equals PAH excretion rate D.concentration in the renal vein is close to zero E.concentration in the renal vein equals PAH concentration in the renal artery [答案]D
9. Which of the following would produce an increase in the reabsorption of isosmotic fluid in the proximal tubule? A. Increased filtration fraction B. Extracellular fluid (ECF) volume expansion C. Decreased peritubular capillary protein concentration D. Increased peritubular capillary hydrostatic pressure E. Oxygen deprivation [答案] A 10. Which of the following substances or combinations of substances could be used to measure interstitial fluid volume? A. Mannitol B. D2O alone C. Evans blue D. Inulin and D2O E. Inulin and radioactive albumin [答案] E 11. At plasma para-aminohippuric acid (PAH) concentrations below the transport maximum (Tm), PAH A. reabsorption is not saturated B. clearance equals inulin clearance C. secretion rate equals PAH excretion rate D. concentration in the renal vein is close to zero E. concentration in the renal vein equals PAH concentration in the renal artery [答案] D
12.Compared with a person who ingests 2 L of distilled water,a person with water deprivation will have a A.higher free-water clearance (CH20) B.lower plasma osmolarity C.lower circulating level of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) D.higher tubular fluid/plasma (TF/P)osmolarity in the proximal tubule E.higher rate of H20 reabsorption in the collecting ducts [答案]E 13.Which of the following would cause an increase in both glomerular filtration rate (GFR)and renal plasma flow (RPF)? A.Hyperproteinemia B.A ureteral stone C.Dilation of the afferent arteriole D.Dilation of the efferent arteriole E.Constriction of the efferent.arteriole [答案]C 14.Which of the following would best distinguish an otherwise healthy person with severe water deprivation from a person with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)? A.Free-water clearance (CH20) B.Urine osmolarity C.Plasma osmolarity D.Circulating levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) E.Corticopapillary osmotic gradient
12. Compared with a person who ingests 2 L of distilled water, a person with water deprivation will have a A. higher free-water clearance (CH2O) B. lower plasma osmolarity C. lower circulating level of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) D. higher tubular fluid/plasma (TF/P) osmolarity in the proximal tubule E. higher rate of H2O reabsorption in the collecting ducts [答案] E 13. Which of the following would cause an increase in both glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF)? A. Hyperproteinemia B. A ureteral stone C. Dilation of the afferent arteriole D. Dilation of the efferent arteriole E. Constriction of the efferent.arteriole [答案] C 14. Which of the following would best distinguish an otherwise healthy person with severe water deprivation from a person with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)? A. Free-water clearance (CH2O) B. Urine osmolarity C. Plasma osmolarity D. Circulating levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) E. Corticopapillary osmotic gradient
[答案]C 15.Which of the following causes a decrease in renal Ca2+clearance? A.Hypoparathyroidism B.Treatment with chlorothiazide C.Treatment with furosemide D.Extracellular fluid (ECF)volume expansion E.Hypermagnesemia [答案]B 16.Which of the following ions has a higher concentration in intracellular fluid (ICF)than in extracellular fluid (ECF)? A.Na+ B.K+ C.C1- D.HC03- E.Ca2+ [答案]B 17.A woman has a plasma osmolarity of 300 mOsm/L and a urine osmolarity of 1200 mOsm/L.The correct diagnosis is A.syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) B.water deprivation C.central diabetes insipidus D.nephrogenic diabetes insipidus E.drinking large volumes of distilled water [答案]B
[答案] C 15. Which of the following causes a decrease in renal Ca2+ clearance? A. Hypoparathyroidism B. Treatment with chlorothiazide C. Treatment with furosemide D. Extracellular fluid (ECF) volume expansion E. Hypermagnesemia [答案] B 16. Which of the following ions has a higher concentration in intracellular fluid (ICF) than in extracellular fluid (ECF)? A. Na+ B. K+ C. C1- D. HCO3- E. Ca2+ [答案] B 17. A woman has a plasma osmolarity of 300 mOsm/L and a urine osmolarity of 1200 mOsm/L. The correct diagnosis is A. syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) B. water deprivation C. central diabetes insipidus D. nephrogenic diabetes insipidus E. drinking large volumes of distilled water [答案] B
18.A patient is infused with para-aminohippuric acid (PAH)to measure renal blood flow (RBF).She has a urine flow rate of 1 ml/min,a plasma [PAH]of 1 mg/ml, a urine [PAH]of 600 mg/ml,and a hematocrit of 45%.What is her "effective"RBF? A.600 ml/min B.660 ml/min C.1091 ml/min D.1333 ml/min [答案]C 19.Which of the following substances has the highest renal clearance? A.Para-aminohippuric acid (PAH) B.Inulin C.Glucose D.Na+ E.C1- [答案]A 20.A woman runs a marathon in 90 degree F weather and replaces all volume lost in sweat by drinking distilled water.After the marathon,she will have A.decreased total body water (TBW) B.decreased hematocrit C.decreased intracellular fluid (ICF)volume D.decreased plasma osmolarity E.increased intracellular osmolarity [答案]D
18. A patient is infused with para-aminohippuric acid (PAH) to measure renal blood flow (RBF). She has a urine flow rate of 1 ml/min, a plasma [PAH] of 1 mg/ml, a urine [PAH] of 600 mg/ml, and a hematocrit of 45%. What is her “effective” RBF? A. 600 ml/min B. 660 ml/min C. 1091 ml/min D. 1333 ml/min [答案] C 19. Which of the following substances has the highest renal clearance? A. Para-aminohippuric acid (PAH) B. Inulin C. Glucose D. Na+ E. C1- [答案] A 20. A woman runs a marathon in 90 degree F weather and replaces all volume lost in sweat by drinking distilled water. After the marathon, she will have A. decreased total body water (TBW) B. decreased hematocrit C. decreased intracellular fluid (ICF) volume D. decreased plasma osmolarity E. increased intracellular osmolarity [答案] D
21. Which of the following causes hyperkalemia? A.Exercise B.Alkalosis C.Insulin injection D.Decreased serum osmolarity E.Treatment with B-agonists [答案]A 22. Which of the following is a cause of metabolic alkalosis? A.Diarrhea B.Chronic renal failure C.Ethylene glycol ingestion D.Treatment with acetazolamide E.Hyperaldosteronism F.Salicylate poisoning [答案]E 23. Which of the following is an action of parathyroid hormone(PTH)on the renal tubule? A.Stimulation of adenlate cyclase B.Inhibition of distal tubule K+secretion C.Inhibition of distal tubule Ca2+reabsorption D.Stimulation of proximal tubular phosphate reabsorption E.Inhibition of production of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [答案]A
21. Which of the following causes hyperkalemia? A. Exercise B. Alkalosis C. Insulin injection D. Decreased serum osmolarity E. Treatment with β-agonists [答案] A 22. Which of the following is a cause of metabolic alkalosis? A. Diarrhea B. Chronic renal failure C. Ethylene glycol ingestion D. Treatment with acetazolamide E. Hyperaldosteronism F. Salicylate poisoning [答案] E 23. Which of the following is an action of parathyroid hormone(PTH) on the renal tubule? A. Stimulation of adenlate cyclase B. Inhibition of distal tubule K+ secretion C. Inhibition of distal tubule Ca2+ reabsorption D. Stimulation of proximal tubular phosphate reabsorption E. Inhibition of production of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [答案] A
