CHAPTER 10 NERVOUS SYSTEM MCQ(Please select the single best answer) A1型题 1.The inverse stretch reflex A.has a lower threshold than the stretch reflex B.is a monosynaptic reflex C.is a disynaptic reflex with a single interneuron inserted between the afferent and efferent limbs D.is a polysynaptic reflex with many interneurons inserted between the afferent and efferent limbs E.requires the discharge of central neurons that release acetylcholine [答案]C 2.When y motor neuron discharge increases at the same time as a motor neuron discharge to muscle A.there is prompt inhibition of discharge in spindle Ia afferents B.the contraction of the muscle is prolonged C.the muscle will not contract D.the number of impulses in spindle Ia afferents is smaller than when a discharge alone is increased E.the number of impulses in spindle Ia afferents is greater than when a discharge alone is increased [答案]E 3.Which of the following is not characteristic of a reflex action?
CHAPTER 10 NERVOUS SYSTEM MCQ(Please select the single best answer) A1 型题 1. The inverse stretch reflex A. has a lower threshold than the stretch reflex B. is a monosynaptic reflex C. is a disynaptic reflex with a single interneuron inserted between the afferent and efferent limbs D. is a polysynaptic reflex with many interneurons inserted between the afferent and efferent limbs E. requires the discharge of central neurons that release acetylcholine [答案] C 2. When γ motor neuron discharge increases at the same time as α motor neuron discharge to muscle A. there is prompt inhibition of discharge in spindle Ia afferents B. the contraction of the muscle is prolonged C. the muscle will not contract D. the number of impulses in spindle Ia afferents is smaller than when α discharge alone is increased E. the number of impulses in spindle Ia afferents is greater than when α discharge alone is increased [答案] E 3. Which of the following is not characteristic of a reflex action?
A.Modification by impulses from various parts of the central nervous system B.May involve simultaneous contraction of some muscles and relaxation of others C.May involve either somatic or visceral responses but never both simultaneously D.Always involves transmission across at least one synapse E.Frequently occurs without conscious perception [答案]C 4.Withdrawal reflexes are not A.initiated by nociceptive stimuli B.prepotent C.prolonged if the stimulus is strong D.absent several months after transection of the spinal cord E.dependent on local sign for their exact pattern [答案]D 5.The distance by which two touch stimuli must be separated to be perceived as two separate stimuli is greatest on A.the lips B.the palm of the hand C.the back of the scapula D.the dorsum of the hand E.the tips of the fingers [答案]C
A. Modification by impulses from various parts of the central nervous system B. May involve simultaneous contraction of some muscles and relaxation of others C. May involve either somatic or visceral responses but never both simultaneously D. Always involves transmission across at least one synapse E. Frequently occurs without conscious perception [答案] C 4. Withdrawal reflexes are not A. initiated by nociceptive stimuli B. prepotent C. prolonged if the stimulus is strong D. absent several months after transection of the spinal cord E. dependent on local sign for their exact pattern [答案] D 5. The distance by which two touch stimuli must be separated to be perceived as two separate stimuli is greatest on A. the lips B. the palm of the hand C. the back of the scapula D. the dorsum of the hand E. the tips of the fingers [答案] C
6.A 49-year-old blond woman has diffuse,severe loss of vibration sensitivity. Which of the following tests would give you the most information about the cause of her loss? A.X rays of her spine B.Determination of her reflex reaction time C.Measurement of the protein content of her cerebrospinal fluid D.A biopsy of her gastric mucosa E.A complete urinalysis [答案]D 7.Stimulation of which of the following might be expected to produce itching? A.Dorsal root C fibers B.B fibers in peripheral nerves C.Dorsal columns of the spinal cord D.Touch receptors E.Motor fibers in the ventral roots of the spinal nerves [答案]A 8.Visceral pain A.shows relatively rapid adaptation B.is mediated by B fibers in the dorsal roots of the spinal nerves C.can sometimes be relieved by applying an irritant to the skin D.most closely resembles "fast pain"produced by noxious stimulation of the skin E.can be produced by marked and prolonged stimulation of touch receptors [答案]C
6. A 49-year-old blond woman has diffuse, severe loss of vibration sensitivity. Which of the following tests would give you the most information about the cause of her loss? A. X rays of her spine B. Determination of her reflex reaction time C. Measurement of the protein content of her cerebrospinal fluid D. A biopsy of her gastric mucosa E. A complete urinalysis [答案] D 7. Stimulation of which of the following might be expected to produce itching? A. Dorsal root C fibers B. B fibers in peripheral nerves C. Dorsal columns of the spinal cord D. Touch receptors E. Motor fibers in the ventral roots of the spinal nerves [答案] A 8. Visceral pain A. shows relatively rapid adaptation B. is mediated by B fibers in the dorsal roots of the spinal nerves C. can sometimes be relieved by applying an irritant to the skin D. most closely resembles "fast pain" produced by noxious stimulation of the skin E. can be produced by marked and prolonged stimulation of touch receptors [答案] C
9.An anterolateral cordotomy is performed that produces relief of pain in the right leg.It is effective because it interrupts the A.left dorsal column B.left ventral spinothalamic tract C.right lateral spinothalamic tract D.left lateral spinothalamic tract E.right corticospinal tract [答案]D 10. Which of the following does not exert an analgesic effect? A.Tetrahydrocannabinol B.Substance P antagonists C.Cholinergic agonists D.Histamine E.Morphine [答案]D 11.A man loses his right hand in a farm accident.Four years later,he has episodes of severe pain in the missing hand (phantom limb pain).A detailed PET scan study of his cerebral cortex might be expected to show A.expansion of the right hand area in his right somatic sensory area I (SI) B.expansion of the right hand area in his left SI C.a metabolically inactive spot where his hand area in his left SI would normally be D.projection of fibers from neighboring sensory areas into the right-hand area of his right SI
9. An anterolateral cordotomy is performed that produces relief of pain in the right leg. It is effective because it interrupts the A. left dorsal column B. left ventral spinothalamic tract C. right lateral spinothalamic tract D. left lateral spinothalamic tract E. right corticospinal tract [答案] D 10. Which of the following does not exert an analgesic effect? A. Tetrahydrocannabinol B. Substance P antagonists C. Cholinergic agonists D. Histamine E. Morphine [答案] D 11. A man loses his right hand in a farm accident. Four years later, he has episodes of severe pain in the missing hand (phantom limb pain).A detailed PET scan study of his cerebral cortex might be expected to show A. expansion of the right hand area in his right somatic sensory area I (SI) B. expansion of the right hand area in his left SI C. a metabolically inactive spot where his hand area in his left SI would normally be D. projection of fibers from neighboring sensory areas into the right-hand area of his right SI
E.projection of fibers from neighboring sensory areas into the right hand area of his left SI [答案]E 12. Causalgia is A.associated with loss of hair in the affected area B.abolished by sectioning the sensory nerves in the affected area C.relieved by drugs that block glycine receptors D.relieved by drugs that block a l-adrenergic receptors E.relieved by drugs that block muscarinic cholinergic receptors [答案]D 13.The electrical records in Figure 10-C are characteristic of A.deep sleep B.general-onset seizures C.REM sleep D.psychomotor seizures E.an absence seizure [答案]C 14.High-frequency stimulation of which of the following does not produce the alerting response? A.Sciatic nerve B.Lateral spinothalamic tract C.Midbrain reticular formation D.Medial lemniscus above the midbrain E.Intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus
E. projection of fibers from neighboring sensory areas into the right hand area of his left SI [答案] E 12. Causalgia is A. associated with loss of hair in the affected area B. abolished by sectioning the sensory nerves in the affected area C. relieved by drugs that block glycine receptors D. relieved by drugs that block α1-adrenergic receptors E. relieved by drugs that block muscarinic cholinergic receptors [答案] D 13. The electrical records in Figure l0-C are characteristic of A. deep sleep B. general-onset seizures C. REM sleep D. psychomotor seizures E. an absence seizure [答案] C 14. High-frequency stimulation of which of the following does not produce the alerting response? A. Sciatic nerve B. Lateral spinothalamic tract C. Midbrain reticular formation D. Medial lemniscus above the midbrain E. Intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus
[答案]D 15.A localized lesion in which of the following structures would be expected to produce prolonged coma? A.Nucleus tractus solitarius B.Locus ceruleus C.Right frontal lobe D.Both frontal lobes E.Periaqueductal region at top of midbrain [答案]E 16. Regular rhythmic fluctuations in electrical activity are observed in the cerebral cortex and thalamus.In addition,they are seen in the A.mediobasal portion of the hypothalamus B.cerebellar cortex C.midbrain reticular formation D.amygdale E.pons [答案]B 17.In which of the following is blood flow not increased in REM sleep? A.Pons B.Anterior cingulate cortex C.Primary visual cortex D. Visual association cortex E.Amygdalas [答案]C
[答案] D 15. A localized lesion in which of the following structures would be expected to produce prolonged coma? A. Nucleus tractus solitarius B. Locus ceruleus C. Right frontal lobe D. Both frontal lobes E. Periaqueductal region at top of midbrain [答案] E 16. Regular rhythmic fluctuations in electrical activity are observed in the cerebral cortex and thalamus. In addition, they are seen in the A. mediobasal portion of the hypothalamus B. cerebellar cortex C. midbrain reticular formation D. amygdale E. pons [答案] B 17. In which of the following is blood flow not increased in REM sleep? A. Pons B. Anterior cingulate cortex C. Primary visual cortex D. Visual association cortex E. Amygdalas [答案] C
18.A primary function of the basal ganglia is A.sensory integration B.short-term memory C.planning voluntary movement D.neuroendocrine control E.slow-wave sleep [答案]C 19. Interruption of the motor pathways in the internal capsule on one side of the body causes A.spastic paralysis on the same side of the body B.spastic paralysis on the opposite side of the body C.loss of touch and pressure sensation on the opposite side of the body D.flaccid paralysis on the same side of the body E.flaccid paralysis on the opposite side of the body [答案]B 20.Increased neural activity before a skilled voluntary movement is first seen in the A.spinal motor neurons B.precentral motor cortex C.basal ganglia D.cerebellum E.cortical association areas [答案]E
18. A primary function of the basal ganglia is A. sensory integration B. short-term memory C. planning voluntary movement D. neuroendocrine control E. slow-wave sleep [答案] C 19. Interruption of the motor pathways in the internal capsule on one side of the body causes A. spastic paralysis on the same side of the body B. spastic paralysis on the opposite side of the body C. loss of touch and pressure sensation on the opposite side of the body D. flaccid paralysis on the same side of the body E. flaccid paralysis on the opposite side of the body [答案] B 20. Increased neural activity before a skilled voluntary movement is first seen in the A. spinal motor neurons B. precentral motor cortex C. basal ganglia D. cerebellum E. cortical association areas [答案] E
21.After falling down a flight of stairs,a young woman is found to have partial loss of voluntary movement on the right side of her body and loss of pain and temperature sensation on the left side below the midthoracic region.It is probable that she has a lesion A.transecting the left half of the spinal cord in the lumbar region B.transecting the left half of the spinal cord in the upper thoracic region C.transecting sensory and motor pathways on the right side of the pons D.transecting the right half of the spinal cord in the upper thoracic region E.transecting the dorsal half of the spinal cord in the upper thoracic region [答案]D 22. Patients with transected spinal cords frequently have a negative nitrogen balance because A.they develop hypercalcemia,and this causes dissolution of the protein in bone B.they are paralyzed below the level of the transaction C.they lack the afferent input that normally maintains growth hormone secretion D.they have difficulty voiding,and this causes nitrogen to accumulate in the urine in the bladder E.their ACTH response to stress is reduced [答案]B 23.Which of the following diseases is not caused by overexpression of a trinucleotide repeat? A.Alzheimer's disease B.Fragile X syndrome
21. After falling down a flight of stairs, a young woman is found to have partial loss of voluntary movement on the right side of her body and loss of pain and temperature sensation on the left side below the midthoracic region. It is probable that she has a lesion A. transecting the left half of the spinal cord in the lumbar region B. transecting the left half of the spinal cord in the upper thoracic region C. transecting sensory and motor pathways on the right side of the pons D. transecting the right half of the spinal cord in the upper thoracic region E. transecting the dorsal half of the spinal cord in the upper thoracic region [答案] D 22. Patients with transected spinal cords frequently have a negative nitrogen balance because A. they develop hypercalcemia, and this causes dissolution of the protein in bone B. they are paralyzed below the level of the transaction C. they lack the afferent input that normally maintains growth hormone secretion D. they have difficulty voiding, and this causes nitrogen to accumulate in the urine in the bladder E. their ACTH response to stress is reduced [答案] B 23. Which of the following diseases is not caused by overexpression of a trinucleotide repeat? A. Alzheimer’s disease B. Fragile X syndrome
C.Spinocerebellar ataxia,type 3 D.Huntington's disease E.Friedreich's ataxia [答案]A 24.Complete denervation of the small intestine would be expected to A.increase the resting rate of intestinal peristalsis B.decrease the resting rate of intestinal peristalsis C.have little effect on the resting rate of intestinal peristalsis D.cause intestinal obstruction E.cause peristalsis to become chaotic and irregular [答案]C 25.Which of the following drugs would not be expected to increase sympathetic discharge or mimic the effects of increased sympathetic discharge? A.Prazosin B.Neostigmine C.Amphetamine D.Isoproterenol E.Methoxamine [答案]C 26. Thirst is stimulated by A.increases in plasma osmolality and volume B.an increase in plasma osmolality and a decrease in plasma volume C.a decrease in plasma osmolality and an increase in plasma volume D.decreases in plasma osmolality and volume
C. Spinocerebellar ataxia, type 3 D. Huntington’s disease E. Friedreich’s ataxia [答案] A 24. Complete denervation of the small intestine would be expected to A. increase the resting rate of intestinal peristalsis B. decrease the resting rate of intestinal peristalsis C. have little effect on the resting rate of intestinal peristalsis D. cause intestinal obstruction E. cause peristalsis to become chaotic and irregular [答案] C 25. Which of the following drugs would not be expected to increase sympathetic discharge or mimic the effects of increased sympathetic discharge? A. Prazosin B. Neostigmine C. Amphetamine D. Isoproterenol E. Methoxamine [答案] C 26. Thirst is stimulated by A. increases in plasma osmolality and volume B. an increase in plasma osmolality and a decrease in plasma volume C. a decrease in plasma osmolality and an increase in plasma volume D. decreases in plasma osmolality and volume
E.injection of vasopressin into the hypothalamus [答案]B 27.A gain-of-function mutation in which of the following genes would be expected to cause obesity in humans? A.leptin B.leptin receptor C.thyrotropin subunit D.pro-opiomelanocortin E.melanin-concentrating hormone [答案]E 28.When an individual is naked in a room in which the air temperature is 21 'C and the humidity 80%,the greatest amount of heat is lost from the body by A.elevated metabolism B. respiration C.urination D.vaporization of sweat E.radiation and conduction [答案]E 29. Secretion of which of the following hormones does not increase at night? A.Growth hormone B.ACTH C.Melatonin D.Insulin E.Prolactin
E. injection of vasopressin into the hypothalamus [答案] B 27. A gain-of-function mutation in which of the following genes would be expected to cause obesity in humans? A. leptin B. leptin receptor C. thyrotropin subunit D. pro-opiomelanocortin E. melanin-concentrating hormone [答案] E 28. When an individual is naked in a room in which the air temperature is 2l ℃ and the humidity 80％, the greatest amount of heat is lost from the body by A. elevated metabolism B. respiration C. urination D. vaporization of sweat E. radiation and conduction [答案] E 29. Secretion of which of the following hormones does not increase at night? A. Growth hormone B. ACTH C. Melatonin D. Insulin E. Prolactin