莲肉纤经黄大学 《商务英语》 授课教案 Chapter 17 Non-Tariff Barrier I.Objectives To learn the purposes and functions of non-tariff barriers; To grasp the main idea and the structure of the text; To master the usage of key special terms,words and phrases in this cbapter; To conduct a series of listening,speaking,reading,writing and translating activities concerned with the theme of the chapter. II.Introduction 1.Contrary to tariff measures (duties) which are normally transparent,non-tariff barriers NTBs)are often more difficult to detect because they can be "hidden"in rules and practices that have a perfectly legitimate objective.Furthermore,NTBs can have more trade-restrictive effects than tariffs, which raise the cost of a given product,and go as far as excluding a good from a market altogether. 如果说关税壁垒是限制进口的“明 枪”，那么 非关税壁垒则是其暗箭”了。很多 非关税壁 垒披着种种“合法”的外衣，从而有 效地隐蔽 了其限制进口的最终目的。本课对非关税壁垒的目的、性质和作用作了简单的介绍。 III.Main points of the text 1.purposes of tariffs and non-tariff barriers-restrict imports. 2.forms and functions of import quotas. 3.purposes and functions of foreign exchange control. 4.inexplicable delays of goods by customs official-to restrict imports. 5.other forms of non-tariff barrier-boycott,phony technical barriers,unnecessary health regulations. IV.Background and terminology 1.balance of payments国际收支 It refers to the relationship between the amount of money a nation spends abroad and the income it receives from other nations.The balance of payments can be used as an indicator of a nation's economic
《商务英语》 授课教案 Chapter 17 Non-Tariff Barrier I. Objectives To learn the purposes and functions of non-tariff barriers; To grasp the main idea and the structure of the text; To master the usage of key special terms, words and phrases in this chapter; To conduct a series of listening, speaking, reading, writing and translating activities concerned with the theme of the chapter. II. Introduction 1.Contrary to tariff measures (duties) which are normally transparent, non-tariff barriers (NTBs) are often more difficult to detect because they can be “hidden” in rules and practices that have a perfectly legitimate objective. Furthermore, NTBs can have more trade-restrictive effects than tariffs, which raise the cost of a given product, and go as far as excluding a good from a market altogether. 如果说关税壁垒是限制进口的“明 枪”，那么 非关税壁垒则是其“暗箭”了。很多 非关税壁 垒披着种种“合法”的外衣，从而有 效地隐蔽 了其限制进口的最终目的。本课对非关税壁垒的目的、性质和作用作了简单的介绍。 III. Main points of the text 1. purposes of tariffs and non-tariff barriers—restrict imports. 2. forms and functions of import quotas. 3. purposes and functions of foreign exchange control. 4. inexplicable delays of goods by customs official—to restrict imports. 5. other forms of non-tariff barrier—boycott, phony technical barriers, unnecessary health regulations. IV. Background and terminology 1. balance of payments 国际收支 It refers to the relationship between the amount of money a nation spends abroad and the income it receives from other nations. The balance of payments can be used as an indicator of a nation's economic 1
尉环经衡蜀大孝 《商务英语》 授课教案 stability.Changes in the balance of payments can affect the exchange rate of a country's currency. 2.quota:a proportional share,as of goods,assigned to a group or to each member of a group;an allotment配额，限额 import quotas进口配额：输入限额 unilateral quotas单边配额 negotiated bilateral quotas协定双边配额 negotiated multilateral quotas协定多边配额 tariff quotas关税配额 absolute quotas绝对配额 allocated quotas国别配额，分配配额 common quotas共同配额 country quotas国家配额 customs/duty quotas关税配额 export quota输出限额；出口配额 importer quota进口商配额 mixing quota混合配额 voluntary export quota自愿出口配额 3.exchange:also foreign exchange,negotiable bills drawn in one country to be paid in another country 外汇 4.rate of exchange also called exchange rate;in relation to foreign exchange of money,the price of a country's currency expressed in terms of one unit of another country's currency 5.wartime emergency measure战时紧急措施 6.Gold Standard金本位制 In economics,monetary system wherein all forms of legal tender may be converted,on demand,into fixed quantities of fine gold,as defined by law.The widespread adoption of the gold standard during the second half of the 19th century was largely a result of the Industrial Revolution,which brought about a vast increase in the production of goods and widened the basis of world trade.The first country to go on the gold standard was Britain,in 1816.The prevalence of the gold standard lasted until the economic crisis of 1929 and the ensuing depression. 7.World War I World War I was the military conflict,from August 1914 to November 1918,that involved many of the countries of Europe as well as the United States and other nations throughout the world.World War I was one of the most violent and destructive wars in European history.Of the 65 million men who were mobilized,more than 10 million were killed and more than 20 million wounded.The term World War I did not come into general use until a second worldwide conflict broke out in 1939(World War ID).Before that year,the war was known as the Great War or the World War. 第一次世界大战始于1914年8月，1918年11月结束。欧洲许多国家、美国和世界上的其他国家 均卷于其中。第一次世界大战是欧洲历史上最残暴和最具破坏性的战争之一。在动员的六千五百 万的人口中，一千多万人战死，两千多万人受伤。第一次世界大战这个术语直到1939年第二次世
《商务英语》 授课教案 2 stability. Changes in the balance of payments can affect the exchange rate of a country's currency. 2. quota: a proportional share, as of goods, assigned to a group or to each member of a group; an allotment 配额，限额 import quotas 进口配额；输入限额 unilateral quotas 单边配额 negotiated bilateral quotas 协定双边配额 negotiated multilateral quotas 协定多边配额 tariff quotas 关税配额 absolute quotas 绝对配额 allocated quotas 国别配额, 分配配额 common quotas 共同配额 country quotas 国家配额 customs/duty quotas 关税配额 export quota 输出限额；出口配额 importer quota 进口商配额 mixing quota 混合配额 voluntary export quota 自愿出口配额 3. exchange: also foreign exchange, negotiable bills drawn in one country to be paid in another country 外汇 4. rate of exchange also called exchange rate; in relation to foreign exchange of money, the price of a country's currency expressed in terms of one unit of another country's currency 汇率 5. wartime emergency measure 战时紧急措施 6. Gold Standard 金本位制 In economics, monetary system wherein all forms of legal tender may be converted, on demand, into fixed quantities of fine gold, as defined by law. The widespread adoption of the gold standard during the second half of the 19th century was largely a result of the Industrial Revolution, which brought about a vast increase in the production of goods and widened the basis of world trade. The first country to go on the gold standard was Britain, in 1816. The prevalence of the gold standard lasted until the economic crisis of 1929 and the ensuing depression. 7. World War I World War I was the military conflict, from August 1914 to November 1918, that involved many of the countries of Europe as well as the United States and other nations throughout the world. World War I was one of the most violent and destructive wars in European history. Of the 65 million men who were mobilized, more than 10 million were killed and more than 20 million wounded. The term World War I did not come into general use until a second worldwide conflict broke out in 1939 (World War II). Before that year, the war was known as the Great War or the World War. 第一次世界大战始于 1914 年 8 月，1918 年 11 月结束。欧洲许多国家、美国和世界上的其他国家 均卷于其中。第一次世界大战是欧洲历史上最残暴和最具破坏性的战争之一。在动员的六千五百 万的人口中，一千多万人战死，两千多万人受伤。第一次世界大战这个术语直到 1939 年第二次世
莲肉纤黄大学 《商务英语》 授课教案 界范围内的冲突爆发时（第二次世界大战）才开始普遍使用。在那一年之前，这次战争被称为大 战或世界大战。 V.Language Points 1.An exporter may find that the foreign country restricts imports not only by means of tariffs but also by quantitative restrictions. 出口商可能会发现某一国家不仅使用征收关税的手段，而且还通过数量上的限定来限制进口。 not only..but also..不但.而且. We should not only be bold,but also be cautious. 我们不仅要大胆，而且要谨慎。 Andy Lau is not only a star singer,but also a movie star. 刘德华不仅是个歌星，而且还是个影星。 2.by means of借，用，依靠 Thoughts are expressed by means of words. 思想借文字表达出来。 Bizl:Payment shall be made cash with order by means of T/T. 订货时利用电汇付现款。 3.take the form of ①.采取.的形状 Proteus was a Greek sea-god who could take the form of any creature he wished. 普洛提由斯是一希腊海神，他能随心所欲地采用任何动物的形体。 ②.表现为.的形式 Literature usually takes the form of prose or verse. 文学通常表现为用散文体或韵文体所写的文字形式。 Biz]:An agreement for the sale and purchase of goods may take the form of a formal contract. (双方)确认销售和购买货物可采取正式合同的方式。 4.Once the quota for the period has been filled,no more import licenses are issued. 一旦某个时期的配额已满，就不再发放进口许可证。 Once在这里是连词，意思为“一旦或者一..就..”。例如： Once printed,this dictionary will be very popular. 一旦出版，这本词典将会非常畅销。 Once he arrives,we can start. 他一到我们就可以开始。 5.Foreign currency is made available at one rate of exchange for essential imports while a more limited amount of foreign currency is made available at a much higher rate of exchange for the luxury items such as foreign cars and television sets. 进口必需品时以某一汇率可获得外汇，而进口诸如外国轿车和电视机等奢侈商品时，可获得的 外汇数量更为有限，并且汇率要高得多。 while为转折连词，意思为“虽然，但是”。例如： 3
《商务英语》 授课教案 3 界范围内的冲突爆发时（第二次世界大战）才开始普遍使用。在那一年之前，这次战争被称为大 战或世界大战。 V. Language Points 1. An exporter may find that the foreign country restricts imports not only by means of tariffs but also by quantitative restrictions. 出口商可能会发现某一国家不仅使用征收关税的手段，而且还通过数量上的限定来限制进口。 not only…but also… 不但...而且… We should not only be bold, but also be cautious. 我们不仅要大胆，而且要谨慎。 Andy Lau is not only a star singer, but also a movie star. 刘德华不仅是个歌星，而且还是个影星。 2. by means of 借，用，依靠 Thoughts are expressed by means of words. 思想借文字表达出来。 [Biz]: Payment shall be made cash with order by means of T/T. 订货时利用电汇付现款。 3. take the form of ①．采取...的形状 Proteus was a Greek sea-god who could take the form of any creature he wished. 普洛提由斯是一希腊海神，他能随心所欲地采用任何动物的形体。 ②．表现为...的形式 Literature usually takes the form of prose or verse. 文学通常表现为用散文体或韵文体所写的文字形式。 [Biz]: An agreement for the sale and purchase of goods may take the form of a formal contract. （双方）确认销售和购买货物可采取正式合同的方式。 4. Once the quota for the period has been filled, no more import licenses are issued. 一旦某个时期的配额已满，就不再发放进口许可证。 Once 在这里是连词，意思为“ 一旦或者一… 就…”。例如： Once printed, this dictionary will be very popular. 一旦出版，这本词典将会非常畅销。 Once he arrives, we can start. 他一到我们就可以开始。 5. Foreign currency is made available at one rate of exchange for essential imports while a more limited amount of foreign currency is made available at a much higher rate of exchange for the luxury items such as foreign cars and television sets. 进口必需品时以某一汇率可获得外汇，而进口诸如外国轿车和电视机等奢侈商品时，可获得的 外汇数量更为有限，并且汇率要高得多。 while 为转折连词，意思为“虽然，但是”。例如：
裤尉黄学 《商务英语》 授课教案 While I understand what you say,I can't agree with you. 虽然我理解你的意思，但我还是不同意。 You like tennis,while I'd rather read. 你爱打网球，但我爱看书。 6.Such a system permits the government to restrict the demand for scarce foreign exchange and to ration it out among different needs. 这种制度可以让政府限制对紧缺外汇的需要，在不同需要中定量配给。 .the demand for..对..的需要。例如： There is a great demand for such books. 这种书需要量很大。 He listened to the workers'demand for more money. 他听着工人们争取更多钱的要求。 7.permit sb to do sth允许某人做某事 Do you permit your children to smoke? 你准许你的孩子们吸烟吗？ Biz]:Permit us to remind you that the goods should be carefully inspected before shipment. 请允许我们提醒贵方，货物在装运之前应仔细检查。 8.After the war,the controls were abolished,with the gold standard operating to keep the different foreign currencies in line. 一战后，外汇管制被废除，实行金本位制使得不同的外汇保持一致。 in line一致，相符 Biz]:Our price is in line with the international market price. 我方的价格与国际市场价格相一致。 Biz]:Pensions will be increased in line with inflation. 退休金将会提高以保持与通货膨胀一致。 9.Sometimes the exporter finds that their goods are held up at foreign ports because of inexplicable delays by customs officials. 有时出口商会发现他们的产品因为海关官员无法解释的拖延而停滞在外国港口。 hold up ①.延搁：耽误 They were held up by the immigration authorities. 他们为移民局所延搁。 Bizl:Please answer us at once so that shipment will not be held up. 请立即回复，以便不致耽误装运。 ②.拦路抢劫 The travelers were held up by bandits. 旅客遭强盗拦劫。 ③.举出（作榜样） His son was held up as a model of hard work. 他的儿子被推举为勤奋工作的榜样
《商务英语》 授课教案 4 While I understand what you say, I can't agree with you. 虽然我理解你的意思，但我还是不同意。 You like tennis, while I'd rather read. 你爱打网球，但我爱看书。 6. Such a system permits the government to restrict the demand for scarce foreign exchange and to ration it out among different needs. 这种制度可以让政府限制对紧缺外汇的需要，在不同需要中定量配给。 …the demand for…对…的需要。例如： There is a great demand for such books. 这种书需要量很大。 He listened to the workers' demand for more money. 他听着工人们争取更多钱的要求。 7. permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 Do you permit your children to smoke? 你准许你的孩子们吸烟吗? [Biz]: Permit us to remind you that the goods should be carefully inspected before shipment. 请允许我们提醒贵方，货物在装运之前应仔细检查。 8. After the war, the controls were abolished, with the gold standard operating to keep the different foreign currencies in line. 一战后，外汇管制被废除，实行金本位制使得不同的外汇保持一致。 in line 一致, 相符 [Biz]: Our price is in line with the international market price. 我方的价格与国际市场价格相一致。 [Biz]: Pensions will be increased in line with inflation. 退休金将会提高以保持与通货膨胀一致。 9. Sometimes the exporter finds that their goods are held up at foreign ports because of inexplicable delays by customs officials. 有时出口商会发现他们的产品因为海关官员无法解释的拖延而停滞在外国港口。 hold up ①．延搁；耽误 They were held up by the immigration authorities. 他们为移民局所延搁。 [Biz]: Please answer us at once so that shipment will not be held up. 请立即回复，以便不致耽误装运。 ②．拦路抢劫 The travelers were held up by bandits. 旅客遭强盗拦劫。 ③．举出（作榜样） His son was held up as a model of hard work. 他的儿子被推举为勤奋工作的榜样
尉氏写蜀易孝 《商务英语》 授课教案 10.because of因为；由于 I didn't go out because of rain. 因为下雨，我没有出去。 Biz]:Our stocks of carpets have nearly been cleared because of the recent exceptional demand. 由于近来订货特别踊跃，我们的地毯存货己快售尽。 11.The customs may argue that the documentation or marking of the goods is not exactly as required. 海关可能会坚持说对进口商品提供的文件证明或其标识没有严格地符合要求。 as required按照规定 We did the work as required. 我们按照规定做工作。 Biz]:All these products were manufactured as required. 所有产品都是按规定制作的。 12.Should the Customs authorities decide to inspect thoroughly each item imported,rather than just a sample,there will always be horrendous delays. 如果海关当局决定对进口的每一件商品都进行全面检查，而不是只检查一个样品，那么总会有 可怕的延搁。 Should the Customs authorities decide to inspect thoroughly each item imported (If the Customs authorities should decide to..),是虚拟语气的条件从句，主句则为真实语气。条件从句中含有 were,had,should或could,有时可以把if省略掉，但这时要把were,had,should或could放在 主语前面（这种结构在口语中较少使用）： Should there be a flood (If there should be a flood),what should we do? 万一发生水灾，我们怎么办？ Should Mr.White call (If Mr.White should call,what would you say? 如果怀特先生来电话，你怎么说？ Had we made (=If we had made)adequate preparations,we might have succeeded. 要是准备充分我们是可能成功的。 Could the dead man have spoken (=If the dead man could have spoken),he would have identified his murderer. 如果死人会说话，他会认出谁是谋害他的人。 13.rather than ①.不是别的而是 These shoes are comfortable rather than pretty. 这双鞋不好看，但是舒服。 ②.宁愿 Biz]:He resigned rather than take part in such a dishonest transaction. 他宁愿辞职也不愿意参加这样一种欺骗的交易。 [Biz]:Accounting information is based upon estimates rather than upon precisely accurate measurements. 会计信息是基于估计而不是基于完全精确的计算上的。 l4.in one way or another用种种方法，不管怎样，无论如何 He tries to please his wife in one way or another. 5
《商务英语》 授课教案 5 10. because of 因为; 由于 I didn't go out because of rain. 因为下雨, 我没有出去。 [Biz]: Our stocks of carpets have nearly been cleared because of the recent exceptional demand. 由于近来订货特别踊跃，我们的地毯存货已快售尽。 11. The customs may argue that the documentation or marking of the goods is not exactly as required. 海关可能会坚持说对进口商品提供的文件证明或其标识没有严格地符合要求。 as required 按照规定 We did the work as required. 我们按照规定做工作。 [Biz]: All these products were manufactured as required. 所有产品都是按规定制作的。 12. Should the Customs authorities decide to inspect thoroughly each item imported, rather than just a sample, there will always be horrendous delays. 如果海关当局决定对进口的每一件商品都进行全面检查，而不是只检查一个样品，那么总会有 可怕的延搁。 Should the Customs authorities decide to inspect thoroughly each item imported （= If the Customs authorities should decide to…），是虚拟语气的条件从句，主句则为真实语气。条件从句中含有 were, had, should 或 could，有时可以把 if 省略掉，但这时要把 were, had, should 或 could 放在 主语前面（这种结构在口语中较少使用）： Should there be a flood (= If there should be a flood), what should we do? 万一发生水灾，我们怎么办？ Should Mr. White call (= If Mr. White should call), what would you say? 如果怀特先生来电话，你怎么说？ Had we made (= If we had made) adequate preparations, we might have succeeded. 要是准备充分我们是可能成功的。 Could the dead man have spoken（=If the dead man could have spoken）, he would have identified his murderer. 如果死人会说话，他会认出谁是谋害他的人。 13. rather than ①．不是别的而是... These shoes are comfortable rather than pretty. 这双鞋不好看，但是舒服。 ②．宁愿 [Biz]: He resigned rather than take part in such a dishonest transaction. 他宁愿辞职也不愿意参加这样一种欺骗的交易。 [Biz]: Accounting information is based upon estimates rather than upon precisely accurate measurements. 会计信息是基于估计而不是基于完全精确的计算上的。 14. in one way or another 用种种方法,不管怎样, 无论如何 He tries to please his wife in one way or another
莲尉的手 《商务英语》 授课教案 他使用种种方法取悦他的妻子。 Bizl:We have always satisfied the customers'needs in one way or another. 我们使用种种方法满足客户的要求。 15.exclude..from..把.排除在外 They excluded people under 18 from joining the club. 他们拒绝接纳十八岁以下的人加入俱乐部。 Biz]:The above price excludes your commission. 上列价格不包括你方佣金。 VI.Summary of the lesson In establishing tariffs and quotas on imported goods and instituting exchange controls,a government has one or more basic purposes:to obtain revenue,to improve the country's balance of payments,to protect local industry,to provide greater freedom in domestic economic policy,or to support political goals.An exporter may find that the foreign country restricts imports not only by means of tariffs but also by quantitative restrictions.Some countries restrict imports by limiting the amount of "exchange",or foreign currency,available to pay for them.Sometimes the exporter finds that their goods are held up at foreign ports because of inexplicable delays by customs officials.These are the result of a deliberate government policy to restrict imports.Some foreign countries refuse to buy goods from a country or firm that displeases it in one way or another. VII.Comprehension questions 1.What are the government's basic purposes in establishing tariffs and quotas on imported goods and instituting exchange controls? 2.In what way may a foreign country restrict imports? 3.Once the quota for the period has been filled,what will happen? 4.How many types of import quotas are in use today?And what are they? 5.What is the function of exchange control?
《商务英语》 授课教案 6 他使用种种方法取悦他的妻子。 [Biz]: We have always satisfied the customers’ needs in one way or another. 我们使用种种方法满足客户的要求。 15. exclude…from…把...排除在外 They excluded people under 18 from joining the club. 他们拒绝接纳十八岁以下的人加入俱乐部。 [Biz]: The above price excludes your commission. 上列价格不包括你方佣金。 VI. Summary of the lesson In establishing tariffs and quotas on imported goods and instituting exchange controls, a government has one or more basic purposes: to obtain revenue, to improve the country’s balance of payments, to protect local industry, to provide greater freedom in domestic economic policy, or to support political goals. An exporter may find that the foreign country restricts imports not only by means of tariffs but also by quantitative restrictions. Some countries restrict imports by limiting the amount of “exchange”, or foreign currency, available to pay for them. Sometimes the exporter finds that their goods are held up at foreign ports because of inexplicable delays by customs officials. These are the result of a deliberate government policy to restrict imports. Some foreign countries refuse to buy goods from a country or firm that displeases it in one way or another. VII. Comprehension questions 1．What are the government’s basic purposes in establishing tariffs and quotas on imported goods and instituting exchange controls? 2． In what way may a foreign country restrict imports? 3．Once the quota for the period has been filled, what will happen? 4．How many types of import quotas are in use today? And what are they? 5．What is the function of exchange control?