【中央广播电视大学】【试卷习题】【2009—2010学年第一学期“开放专科”英语专业英语阅读（3）期末试题（1月）】.pdf_大学文库

Part I Questions 1-10 are based on Passage 1.(30 points,3 points each) Passage 1 Searching for Utopia 1 While most of the world seems to be motivated by more money,better televisions, more powerful cars,the highest-tech computers,bigger houses,there are some independent souls who are tired of "the rat-race",that is,the stressful pressures of working hard to get ahead.Since around 1990,there has been a slow but steady rise in "intentional communities" in the U.S.An intentional community is a group of people who have chosen to live together with a common purpose.Although quite diverse in philosophy and lifestyle,each of these groups places a high priority on a sense of community,in other words,the feeling of belonging and mutual support.There were 300 intentional communities listed in the 1990 edition of the Intentional Communities Directory;by 1995,this had grown to 600,and it is estimated that there are now several thousand,listed and unlisted,in operation.These communities vary in size,but in the 600 listed communities in 1995,total population, including children,was estimated at 24,000. At first glance,the intentional community movement appears quite diverse.It is multi-generational,i.e.with ages ranging from children to seniors.They may choose to live together on a piece of rural land,in a suburban centre,or in an urban neighbourhood.In some communities,individuals own their own land and house;in others,these things are shared.There is a wide variety of choices regarding standard of living-some embrace voluntary simplicity while others have full access to the products and services of today's society.Even the purposes vary widely.For example,communities have been formed to create great family neighbourhoods,to live ecologically sustainable lifestyles,or simply to live with others who share their values.Some are secular while others are committed to a common religious belief. 3 What unites the intentional community movement is its members'proud rejection of mainstream consumer values.Nearly all communities encourage sharing items members don't need to own privately,for example,washing machines,trucks,swimming pools. 940

Part j Questions 1一10 are based on Passage 1. <30 points, 3 points each) Passage 1 Searching for Utopia 1 While most of the world seems to be motivated by more money, better televisions, more powerful cars, the highest-tech computers, bigger houses，there are some independent souls who are tired of "the rat-race"，that is, the stressful pressures of working hard to get ahead. Since around 1990，there has been a slow but steady rise in "intentional communities" in the U. S. An intentional community is a group of people who have chosen to live together with a common purpose. Although quite diverse in philosophy and lifestyle, each of these groups places a high priority on a sense of community, in other words, the feeling of belonging and mutual support. There were 300 intentional communities listed in the 1990 edition of the Intentional Communities Directory; by 1995，this had grown to 600，and it is estimated that there are now several thousand, listed and unlisted, in operation. These communities vary in size, but in the 600 listed communities in 1995，total population, including children, was estimated at 24,000. 2 At first glance, the intentional community movement appears quite diverse. It is mufti-generational, i. e. with ages ranging from children to seniors. They may choose to live together on a piece of rural land, in a suburban centre, or in In some communities, individuals own their own land and house an urban neighbourhood. ;in others，these thingsa re shared. There is a wide variety of choices regarding standard of living一 some embrace voluntary simplicity while others have full access to the products and services of today’s society. Even the purposes vary widely. For example, communities have been formed to create great family neighbourhoods, to live ecologically sustainable lifestyles，or simply to live with others who share their values. Some are secular while others are committed to a common religious belief. 3 What unites the intentional community movement is its members' proud rejection of mainstream consumer values. Nearly all communities encourage sharing items mernbers don't need 940 to own privately, for example，washing machines, trucks, swimming pools

Many communities serve as model environmental or teaching centers for sustainable agriculture.For example,"The Farm",a large cooperative community in rural Tennessee does not reject competitive business practices but rather,commits to a vision of environmentally friendly business.Members of "The Farm"work in several small-scale industries including solar electronics,solar car research,and a publishing company for alternative books. 4 An example of an intentional community committed to voluntary simplicity is Vashon Co-Housing Community.Its members choose to live in small unpainted wood houses, shingled with cedar."Uncle Martin"decided to leave New York in 1989 and move his family to the Vashon Co-Housing.He and his family live on little money,don't own a computer, and forbid anything with the Disney label on it.Rather than playing Myst on the computer, the family spends their evening playing old-fashioned card games,or reading.Residents live in separate dwellings but homes are connected by dirt roads,there are 13 acres of communal land,all residents attend bimonthly meetings,and every month there is a work party in which everybody pitches in with outdoor chores. 5 These communities are the newest expression of the 300-year-old American desire to build a non-hierarchical,or equal,community with values uncorrupted by the larger society. It was this desire to form a new,ideal community which brought the Pilgrims to the U.S.in the early 17th century.300 years later,it is still impossible to find a community that has achieved perfection.The problems we see "out there"in the mainstream-greed, dishonesty,egoism,competition,factionalism -all manage to find their way into alternative cultures too.However,intentional communities have a much lower crime rate than their mainstream neighbours,and claim a more caring and satisfying lifestyle.They are committed to ideals of ecology,cooperation,and family even though they may often fail to reach those ideals perfectly.Their utopian vision provides a challenge to the pace and purpose of modern American society. Read Passage 1 and find the definitions for each of the following in the passage.Write your answers on your answer sheet. 1.the rat-race: 941

Many communities serve as model environmental or teaching centers for sustainable agriculture. For example, "The Farm"，a large cooperative community in rural Tennessee does not reject competitive business practices but rather, commits to a vision of environmentally friendly business. Members of `.`The Farm" work in several small-scale industries including solar electronics, solar car research, and a publishing company for alternative books. 4 An example of an intentional community committed to voluntary simplicity is Vashon Co-Housing Community. Its members choose to live in small unpainted wood houses, shingled with cedar. "Uncle Martin" decided to leave New York in 1989 and move his family to the Vashon Co-Housing. He and his family live on little money, don't own a computer, and forbid anything with the Disney label on it. Rather than playing Myst on the computer, the family spends their evening playing old-fashioned card games, or reading. Residents live in separate dwellings but homes are connected by dirt roads, there are 13 acres of communal land, all residents attend bimonthly meetings, and every month there is a work party in which everybody pitches in with outdoor chores. 5 These communities are the newest expression of the 300-year-old American desire to build a non-hierarchical, or equal, community with values uncorrupted by the larger society. It was this desire to form a new, ideal community which brought the Pilgrims to the U. S. in the early 17th century. 300 years later, it is still impossible to find a community that has achieved perfection. The problems we see“out there”in the mainstream 一 greed, dishonesty, egoism，competition, factionalism 一 all manage to find their way into alternative cultures too. However, intentional communities have a much lower crime rate than their mainstream neighbours，and claim a more caring and satisfying lifestyle. They are committed to ideals of ecology, cooperation, and family even though they may often fail to reach those ideals perfectly. Their utopian vision provides a challenge to the pace and purpose of modern American society. Read Passage 1 and find the definitions for each of the following in the passage. Write your answers on your answer sheet. 1. the rat-race: _ _· 941

all barriers of convention,morality,and religion.The anamcara could see you from an eternal perspective. 3 In the contemporary world,we experience so many relationships solely in terms of personality.But the Celts did not get bogged down in the attraction or negativity of personality;they pursued friendship on a deeper level,towards a person's soul essence.The anamcara friendship had a strong commitment to truthfulness.With your friend you could be truly as you are.You were encountered in the place where your deepest individuality lived. 4 Today,this remains the mystery and beauty of the anamcara.The art of true friendship awakens and calls all that is ancient within you.The clay out of which your body is formed is as old as the universe itself.It has a memory that precedes your mind and journey,both of which are relatively recent.Perhaps this is the deeper,mystical meaning of human friendship.It is the coming together and rediscovery of the clay of its lost memory. Such a friendship is thus an act of discovery.Friends are not made;they are discovered and recognised.In true friendship an ancient circle closes again. 5 It is unnerving sometimes when you look at your friend and remember how accidental your first meeting was.If you had not gone to that party or that lecture,if you had not walked down that street,you never would have met.Now in the season of your friendship, it is unimaginable that this person would not have been part of your life.The importance of the beginning of friendship seems to suggest that there is a providence that brings friends together. 6 there is no such thing as just two friends together;there is always a third force between them.Each friendship has a special spirit.This is the soul texture where the meeting of the two friends joins.The Celts had a wonderful sense of soul.They recognised that physical space was not to be understood merely empirically.In other words,in spiritual space there is no distance.In the anamcara friendship,two people are brought to an eternal level where distance does not control connection.When two people awaken the power and light of their souls,they are sheltered by the power of the eternal.A sense of this light can nurture and transform lives. 943

an of of all barriers of convention, morality, and religion. The anamcara could see you from eternal perspective. 3 In the contemporary world, we experience so many relationships solely interm s personality. But the Celts did not get bogged down in the attraction or negativity personality; they pursued friendship_on a deeper level, towards a person's soul essence. The anamcara friendship had a strong commitment to truthfulness. With your friend you could be truly as you are. You were encountered in the place where your deepest individuality lived. 4 Today, this remains the mystery and beauty of the anamcara. The art of true friendship awakens and calls all that is ancient within you. The clay out of which your body is formed is as old as the universe itself. It has a memory that precedes your mind and journey，both of which are relatively recent. Perhaps this is the deeper, mystical meaning of human friendship. It is the coming together and rediscovery of the clay of its lost memory. Such a friendship is thus an act of discovery. Friends are not made; they are discovered and recognised. In true friendship an ancient circle closes again. 5 It is unnerving sometimes when you look at your friend and remember how accidental your first meeting was. If you had not gone to that party or that lecture, if you had not walked down that street，you never would have met. Now in the season of your friendship, it is unimaginable that this person would not have been part of your life. The importance of the beginning of friendship seems to suggest that there is a providence that brings friends together. 6 there is no such thing as just two friends together; there is always a third force between them. Each friendship has a special spirit. This is the soul texture where the meeting of the two friends joins. The Celts had a wonderful sense of soul. They recognised that physical space was not to be understood merely empirically. In other words, in spiritual space there is no distance. In the anamcara friendship，two people are brought to an eternal level where distance does not control connection. When two people awaken the power and light of their souls, they are sheltered by the power of the eternal. A sense of this light can nurture and transform lives. 943

)...the social hierarchies of monkey troops....These and dozens of other examples of animal behavior have long fascinated people.They have rarely been offered as anything more than evidence for the remarkable variety of nature. 2 Lately,however,some of the biologists who study animal ways have come to believe that their findings point to a far more profound conclusion.The superficial aspects of social behavior vary widely across the animal kingdom.Beneath these different aspects,however, the scientists assert,are common behavioral patterns.These patterns,they say,are governed by the genes and shaped by the forces described in the Darwinian theory of evolution. 3 This belief is the product of a new field of scientific inquiry called sociology.It carries with it a revolutionary implication.That is,much of a person's behavior toward his fellows, ranging from aggressive to kindly actions,may be as much a product of evolution as is the structure of the hand or the size of the brain. 4 Many psychologists and sociologists,in particular,have long held that human behavior arises almost entirely from unique intellectual and emotional capacities.But a growing number of scientists participating in the study of sociobiology are convinced otherwise.They believe that the ideas now emerging from their work are so powerful that every rational effort to understand human behavior must someday take them into account.The greatest impact of sociology,outside of animal research,is expected to be on sociology and psychology.Some sociobiologists predict that these fields of study will eventually be forced to modify their theories and practices. 5 Sociobiology is the study of the biological basis for social behavior in every species, from low ants'society to modern human society.It seeks to explain the origin of that behavior in terms of how it improves an individual's or a society's fitness to survive. 6 Sociobiology's key contribution is that it combines Darwinian theory with the observations of animal behavior research.Many scientists have studied communication systems among animals and spent long years observing wild animal groups. 945

(狮群).… the social hierarchies of monkey troops.… These and dozens of other examples of animal behavior have long fascinated people. They have rarely been offered as anything more than evidence for the remarkable variety of nature. 2 Lately, however, some of the biologists who study animal ways have come to believe that their findings point to。far谊ore profound conclusion. The superficial aspects of social behavior vary widely across the animal kingdom. Beneath these different aspects, however, the scientists assert, are common behavioral patterns. These patterns, they say, are governed by the genes and shaped by the forces described in the Darwinian theory of evolution. 3 This belief is the product of a new field of scientific inquiry called sociology. It carries with it a revolutionary implication. That is, much of a person's behavior toward his fellows, ranging from aggressive to kindly actions, may be as much a product of evolution as is the structure of the hand or the size of the brain. 4 Many psychologists and sociologists, in particular, have long held that human behavior arises almost entirely from unique intellectual and emotional capacities. But a growing number of scientists participating in the study of sociobiology are convinced otherwise. They believe that the ideas now emerging from their work are so powerful that every rational effort to understand human behavior must someday take them into account. The greatest impact of sociology, outside of animal research, is expected to be on sociology and psychology. Some sociobiologists predict that these fields of study will eventually be forced to modify their theories and practices. 5 Sociobiology is the study of the biological basis for social behavior in every species, from low ants’society to modern human society. It seeks to explain the origin of that behavior in terms of how it improves an individual's or a society's fitness to survive. 6 Sociobiology’s key contribution is that it combines Darwinian theory with the observations of animal behavior research. Many scientists have studied communication systems among animals and spent long years observing wild animal groups. 945