试卷代号：1028 中央广播电视大学2011一2012学年度第一学期“开放本科”期末考试 跨文化交际 试题 2012年1月 注意事项 一、将你的学号、姓名及分校（工作站）名称填写在答题纸的规定栏 内。考试结束后，把试卷和答题纸放在桌上。试卷和答题纸均不得带 出考场。 二、仔细阅读题目的说明，并按题目要求答题。答案一定要写在答 题纸指定的位置上，写在试卷上的答案无效。 三、用蓝、黑圆珠笔或钢笔答题，使用铅笔答题无效。 Information for the Examinees: This examination consists of three sections.These are: Section I:Cross Cultural Communication:Basic Knowledge and Skills (30 points) SectionⅡ：Reading Comprehension(30 points) Section II:Communication Analysis (40 points) The total marks for this examination are 100 points.Time allowed for completing this examination is 90 minutes. 209
试卷代号 2 8 中央广播电视大学 11 2学年度第一学期"开放本科"期末考试 跨文化交际试题 2012 年1 注意事项 一、将你的学号、姓名及分校(工作站)名称填写在答题纸的规定栏 内。考试结束后，把试卷和答题纸放在桌上。试卷和答题纸均不得带 出考场。 二、仔细阅读题目的说明，并按题目要求答题。答案一定要写在答 题纸指定的位置上，写在试卷上的答案无效。 三、用蓝、黑圆珠笔或钢笔答题，使用铅笔答题无效。 Information for the Examinees! This examination consists of three sections. These are: Section I: Cross Cultural Communication: Basic Knowledge and Skills (30 points) Section II: Reading Comprehension (30 points) Section Communication Analysis (40 points) The total marks for this examination are 100 points. Time allowed for completing this examination is 90 minutes. 209
Section I:Cross Cultural Communication:Basic Knowledge and Skills [30 points] Instructions:There are altogether 15 statements or questions below.You are offered four choices marked with A,B,C,and D for each statement.Choose the most appropriate one and put it in the Answer Sheet. 1.Xiao Wang meets Peter at the airport and says to him:"Morning,Peter!"In this case,the source of information is A.Xiao Wang B.Peter C.the airport D.“Morning,Peter!” 2.When we are in a social gathering,we must be aware of the rules and procedures that govern the way things are going to proceed.These rules and procedures are technically called A.anecdotes B.schema (schemas) C.gestures D.goals 3.When you are invited for a western meal,you're offered a second helping but you have already had enough.What would you say?" ” A.Oh,thanks.That tastes awful. B.No,I don't want that. C.No,I don't like it. D.That was delicious but I've already had plenty,thanks. 4.Most Americans see themselves as separate ,not as representatives of a family,community or other group. A.independence B.individuals C.customers D.cultures 5.One way of talking about the different stages in getting used to life in a new country is the distinction of euphoria,depression, and acceptance. A.criticism B.admiration C.adjustment D.shock 210
Section I : Cross Cultural Communication: Basic Knowledge and Skills [30 points] Instructions: There are altogether 15 statements or questions below. You are offered four choices marked with A, B, C , and D for each statement. Choose the most appropriate one and put it in the Answer Sheet. 1. Xiao Wang meets Peter at the airport and says to him: "Morning , Peter! " In this case , the source of information is AC-meoaaonrgt B. Peter D." -forning Peter!" 2. When we are in a social gathering , we must be aware of the rules and procedures that govern the way things are going to proceed. These rules and procedures are technically called A. anecdotes C. gestures B. schema (schemas) D. goals 3. When you are invited for a western meal , you' re offered a second helping but you have already had enough. What would you say? " A. Oh , thanks. That tastes awful. B. No , I don't want that. C. No. I don't like it. D. That was delicious but I' ve already had plenty , thanks. " 4. Most Americans see themselves as separate family , community or other group. , not as representatives of a A. independence C. customers B. individuals D. cultures 5. One way of talking about the different stages in getting used to life in a new country is the distinction of euphoria , depression , A. criticism and acceptance. B. admiration C. adjustment D. shock 210
6.Unlike in China,the kin terms used for relatives do not distinguish between relatives in Britain. A.internal and external B.old and young C.male and female D.maternal and paternal 7.In America is the collective informal term for addressing a group of friends. A.guys B.girls C.boys D.mates 8.In the West,it is regarded polite to open gifts as soon as they are given to express A.greediness B.misunderstanding C.gratitude D.appreciation 9.We Chinese are brought up to initially refuse friendly offers to demonstrate in seeming not to wish to put our host to any trouble. A.invitation B.tradition C.politeness D.personality 10.The surname MacDonald in Scotland was probably first used to name Donald's A.uncle B.nephew C.son D.daughter 11.The traditional,primary relationship in a Chinese family is usually that between A.husband and wife B.parents and children C.father and children D.teacher and students 12.While many women feel it natural to confer with their partners at every turn,many men feel free to make decisions without such A.congratulation B.commitment C.conclusion D.consultation 211
6. Unlike in China , the kin terms used for relatives do not distinguishbetween relatives in Britain. A. internal and external B. old and young C. male and female D. maternal and paternal 7. In America 一一-一一is the collective informal term for addressing a group of friends. A. guys B. girls C. boys D. mates 8. In the West , it is regarded polite to open gifts as soon as they are given to express A. greediness B. misunderstanding C. gratitude D. appreciation 9. We Chinese are brought up to initially refuse friendly offers to demonstrate in seeming not to wish to put our host to any trouble. A. invitation B. tradition C. politeness D. personality 10. The surname MacDonald in Scotland was probably first used to name Donald' s A. uncle C. son B. nephew D. daughter 11. The traditional , primary relationship in a Chinese family is usually that between A. husband and wife and children B. parents and children D. teacher and students 12. While many women feel it natural to confer with their partners at every turn , many men feel free to make decisions without such A. congratulation C. conclusion B. commitment D. consultation 211
13."Quit beating around the bush!If you don't want to go with me,just tell me!" A.hitting around the trees with hammars B.cheating me on purpose C.telling lies to other people D.avoiding giving me the direct answer 14.Sophie went to see her uncle once in a blue moon. A.unexpectedly B.very rarely C.very often D.once a month 15.-“How did you do on the test?” -"I think I passed,but I won't know until tomorrow.I'm keeping my fingers crossed!” A.hoping you can see my crossed fingers B.showing you my crossed fingers C.hoping strongly for the best D.crossing my fingers so that you can have fun SectionⅡ：Reading Comprehension[30 points] Part 1:Questions 16-20 are based on this part.(15 points) Read Passage 1,and then answer Questions 16-20 briefly.Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. Passage 1 Although we can't ever hope to understand fully the nuances of meaning transmitted by nonverbal behavior in various cultures,we can grow more tolerant,more flexible,and eventually,more competent.An important part of achieving nonverbal competence is becoming more aware of our own nonverbal behaviors and their meanings.Much of our nonverbal behavior is learned in early childhood from our families and from society,and it is largely unconscious.Once we become more aware of the meaning of our own gestures, posture,eye gaze,and so on,we will become more alert and more sensitive to variations in other cultures.Striving to associate with people from different cultures can further broaden our multicultural competence. In achieving competence,one multicultural expert,M.R.Hammer,suggests that three 212
13. "Quit beating around the bush! If you don't want to go with me , just tell me!" A. hitting around the trees with hammars B. cheating me on purpose C. telling lies to other people D. avoiding giving me the direct answer 14. Sophie went to see her uncle once in a blue moon. A. unexpectedly C. very often 15. 一"How did you do on the test?" B. very rarely D. once a month think I passed , but I won' t know until tomorrow. I' m keeping my fingers crossed! " A. hoping you can see my crossed fingers B. showing you my crossed fingers C. hoping strongly for the best D. crossing my fingers so that you can have fun Section n: Reading Comprehension [30 points] Part 1: Questions 16-20 are based on this part. (1 5 points) Read Passage 1 , and then answer Questions 16-20 briefly. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. Passage 1 Although we can't ever hope to understand fully the nuances of meaning transmitted by nonverbal behavior in various cultures , we can grow more tolerant , more flexible , and eventually. more competent. An important part of achieving nonverbal competence is becoming more aware of our own nonverbal behaviors and their meanings. Much of our nonverbal behavior is learned in early childhood from our families and from society , and it is largely unconscious. Once we become more aware of the meaning of our own gestures , posture 巳ye gaze , and so on , we will become more alert and more sensitive to variations in other cultures. Striving to associate with people from different cultures can further broaden our multicultural competence. In achieving competence , one multicultural expert , M. R. Hammer, suggests that three 212
processes or attitudes are effective.Descriptiveness refers to the use of concrete and specific feedback.Descriptive feedback is more effective than judgmental feedback.For example, using objective terms to describe the modest attire of Muslim women is more effective than describing it as unfeminine or motivated by oppressive and unequal treatment of females.A second attitude is nonjudgmentalism,which goes a long way in preventing defensive reactions from communicators.Most important in achieving effective communication is supportiveness.This attitude requires us to support others positively with head nods,eye contact,facial expression,and physical proximity. From a practical standpoint,when interacting with businesspeople in other cultures,it is always wise to follow their lead.If they avoid intense eye contact,don't stare.If no one is putting his or her elbows on a table,don't be the first to do so.Until you are knowledgeable about the meaning of gestures,it is probably a good idea to keep yours to a minimum.Learning the words for please,yes and thank you is even better than relying on gestures.Achieving multicultural competence in regard to nonverbal behavior may never be totally attained,but sensitivity,non-judgmentalism,and tolerance go a long way toward improving interactions. 16.How do we pick up our own nonverbal behavior? 17.How does knowledge in one's own nonverbal behavior help in cross-cultural com munication 18.What are the three attitudes suggested by M.R.Hammer? 19.How do we show our supportiveness to other people in communication? 20.What practical suggestion can we learn from the passage about doing business with people from different cultures? Part 2:Questions 21-25 are based on this part.(15 points) Read Passage 2 and then decide whether each of Statements 21--25 is True or False according to the information given in the passage..Write“T”for true and“F”for false on the Answer Sheet. Passage 2 Verbal skills in another culture can generally be mastered if one studies hard enough. 213
processes or attitudes are effective. Descriptiveness refers to the use of concrete and specific feedback. Descriptive feedback is more effective than judgmental feedback. For example , using objective terms to describe the modest attire of Muslim women is more effective than describing it as unfeminine or motivated by oppressive and unequal treatment of females. A second attitude is nonjudgmentalism , which goes a long way in preventing defensive reactions from communicators. Most important in achieving effective communication is supportiveness. This attitude requires us to support others positively with head nods, eye contact , facial expression , and physical proximity. From a practical standpoint , when interacting with businesspeople in other cultures, it is always wise to follow their lead. If they avoid intense eye contact , don' t stare. If no one is putting his or her elbows on a table , don't be the first to do so. Until you are knowledgeable Ep vdoU VAQU ‘ ...o a 'K ea +tO , G , VJ a F-OO G ··EA au 'D ·15 P-VAO , gb gJM6tUVAeQAV op4A PL mea nn gb &E·- +·‘'h 0 u ·D a minimum. Learning the words for please , yes and thank you is even better than relying on gestures. Achieving multicultural competence in regard to nonverbal behavior may never be totally attained , but sensitivity , non-judgmentalism , and tolerance go a long way toward ov mteractlOns. 16. How do we pick ρour own nonverbal behavior? 17. How does knowledge in one' s own nonverbal behavior help in cross-cultural com munication? 18. What are the three attitudes suggested by M. R. Hammer? 19. How do we show our su ρortiveness to other peoρIe in com m unication ? 20. What ρractical suggestion can we learn from the passage about doing business with from different cultures? Part 2: Questions 21-25 are based on this part. (1 5 points) Read Passage 2 and then decide whether each of Statements 21 一25 is True or False according to the information given in the passage. Write "T" for true and "F" for false on the Answer Sheet. Passage 2 巳rbal skills in another culture can generally be mastered if one studies hard enough. 213
But nonverbal skills are much more difficult to learn.Nonverbal behavior includes areas such as eye contact,facial expressions,postures,gestures,and the use of time,space,and territory.The messages sent by body language and the way we arrange time and space have always been open to interpretation.Does a raised eyebrow mean that your boss doubts your statement or just that she is seriously considering it?Does a closed door to an office mean that your coworker is angry or just that he is working on a project that requires concentration?Deciphering nonverbal communication is difficult for people who are culturally similar,and it is even more troublesome when cultures differ. In Western cultures,for example,people perceive silence as negative.It suggests rejection,unhappiness,depression,regret,embarrassment,or ignorance.However,the Japanese admire silence and consider it a key to success.A Japanese proverb says,"Those who know do not speak;those who speak do not know."Over 60 percent of Japanese businesswomen said that they would prefer to marry silent men.Silence is equated with wisdom. Although nonverbal behavior is ambiguous within cultures and even more problematic between cultures,it nevertheless conveys meaning.If you've ever had to talk with someone who does not share your language,you have probably learned quickly to use gestures to convey basic messages.Since gestures can create very different reactions in different cultures, one must be careful in using and interpreting them.In some societies it is extremely bad to point one's finger at others when giving directions.Other kinds of hand gestures can also cause trouble.The "thumbs up"symbol may be used to indicate approval in North America, but in Iran and Ghana it is a vulgar gesture. 21.It is very easy for people from the same culture to interpret nonverbal behavior. 22.People may interpret our body language differently even at work places. 23.In Japanese culture,people value silence. 24.Same gestures always have same interpretations in different cultures. 25.The "thumbs up"symbol will get a negative reaction in Canada. 214
But nonverbal skills are much more difficult to learn. Nonverbal behavior includes areas such as eye contact , facial expressions, postures, gestures, and the use of time , space , and territory. The messages sent by body language and the way we arrange time and space have always been open to interpretation. Does a raised eyebrow mean that your boss doubts your statement or just that she is seriously considering it? Does a closed door to an office mean that your coworker is angry or just that he is working on a project that requires concentration? Deciphering nonverbal communication is difficult for people who are culturally similar , and it is -even more troublesome when cultures differ. In Western cultures, for example , people perceive silence as negative. It suggests rejection , unhappiness, depression , regret , embarrassment , or ignorance. However, the Japanese admire silence and consider it a key to success. A Japanese proverb says, "Those who know do not speak; those who speak do not know." Over 60 percent of Japanese businesswomen said that they would prefer to marry silent men. Silence is equated with wisdom. Although nonverbal behavior is ambiguous within cultures and even more problematic between cultures, it nevertheless conveys meaning. If you' ve ever had to talk with someone who does not share your language , you have probably learned quickly to use gestures to convey basic messages. Since gestures can create very different reactions in different cultures, one must be careful in using and interpreting them. In some societies it is extremely bad to point one' s finger at others when giving directions. Other kinds of hand gestures can also cause trouble. The "thumbs up" symbol may be used to indicate approval in North America , but in Iran and Ghana it is a vulgar gesture. 21. It is very easy for people from the same culture to interρret nonverbal behavior. 22. Pea户Ie may interpret our body language differently even at work ρlaces. 23. In]apanese culture , people value silence. 24. Same gestures always have same interpretations in different cultures. 25. The "thumbs up" symbol will get a negative reαction in Canada. 214
Section III:Communication Analysis [40 points] Instructions:The following are three different cases of cross-cultural communication.In each of the cases there is something to be improved upon.Write an analysis on what is to be desired for more successful communication or cultural understanding in each case by answering Questions 26-28 respectively.Your analysis of each case should be about 100-150 words.Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. Note!Your writing ability will also be assessed in this section of the test. Case 1 (10 points) An American tourist and a Chinese couple met for the first time.They are introducing themselves like this: American tourist: It was so nice to meet you both here.I'm Lucy Webster.Thank you very much. Chinese woman: It's a pleasure.I'm Li Hong,and this is my husband.Welcome to China,Miss Lucy. American tourist: Thank you,Mrs.Li.Would both of you like a cup of coffee? Chinese couple: No,thanks. Question 26: What went wrong in the case and Why? Case 2 (15 points) Once a group of Chinese was visiting the home of a fairly well-to-do American.As they were shown around the house,they commented,"You have a very nice home.It's so beautiful."The hostess smiled with obvious pleasure and replied in good American fashion "Thank you"-which caused surprise among some of her Chinese guests.Later,while conversing at the dinner table,the host remarked to the Chinese interpreter,a young lady who had graduated not long ago from a Chinese university,"Your English is excellent.Really quite fluent.To this she replied,"No,no.My English is quite poor."-an answer that he had not expected and found a bit puzzling. 215
Section ill : Communication Analysis [40 points] Instructions: The following are three different cas臼of cr倒s-cultural communication. In each of the cases there is something to be improved upon. Write an analysis on what is to be desired for more successful communication or cultural understanding in each case by answering Questions 26一28 respectively. Your analysis of each case should be about 100-150 words. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. Note! Your writing ability will also be assessed in this section of the test. Case 1 (1 0 points) An American tourist and a Chinese couple met for the first time. They are introducing themselves like this: It was so nice to meet you both here. I'm Lucy Webster. Thank you very much. It' s a pleasure. I'm Li Hong , and this is my husband. Welcome to China , r-.但 Lucy. Thank you , Mrs. Li. Would both of you like a cup of coffee? No , thanks. American tourist: American tourist: Chinese woman: Chinese couple: Question 26: What went wrong in the case and Why? Case 2 (1 5 points) Once a group of Chinese was visiting the home of a fairly well-to-do American. As they were shown around the house , they commented , "You have a very nice home. It' s so beautiful. " The hostess smiled with obvious pleasure and replied in good American fashion "Thank you" - which caused surprise among some of her Chinese guests. Later, while conversing at the dinner table , the host remarked to the Chinese interpreter, a young lady who had graduated not long ago from a Chinese university , "Your English is excellent. Really quite fluent. " To this she replied , "No , no. My English is quite poor. " - an answer that he had not expected and found a bit puzzling. 215
Questions 27: Was the American hostess'reply immodest,as it seemed to some of the Chinese?Why?Was the young Chinese interpreter's remark insincere,as it sounded to the Americans?Why? Case 3 (15 points) Zhu Jun works in a joint-venture company as an executive in China.His boss is an American called Patrick.They are good friends.Once at a meeting with most Chinese participants including Zhu Jun,Patrick didn't quite hear much disagreement when asking for any suggestions for his new project.Patrick took it for granted that his new project would be quite satisfying.But to his great surprise and puzzlement,after the meeting,Zhu Jun came to his office and told him that the project might not work properly.This time,to Zhu Jun's surprise,Patrick didn't seem happy but even annoyed with this. Question 28: What would Patrick expect from the participants for his new project at the meeting?Could you explain Zhu Jun's behavior?Suppose you are the person who knows both of them quite well.Could you give some advice to both of them so that they could understand each other well? 216
Questions 27 : Was the American host四s' reply immodest, as it seemed to some of the Chinese? Why? Was the young Chinese interpreter's remark insincere 皿it sounded to the Americans? Why? Case 3 05 points) Zhu lun works in a joint-venture company as an executive in China. His boss is an American called Patrick. They are good friends. Once at a meeting with most Chinese participants including Zhu-} un , Patrick didn' t quite hear much disagreement when asking for any suggestions for his new project. Patrick took it for granted that his new project would be quite satisfying. But to his great surprise and puzzlement , after the meeting , Zhu J un came to his office and told him that the project might not work properly. This time , to Zhu ] un's surprise , Patrick didn't seem happy but even annoyed with this. Question 28: What would Patrick exp配t from the participants for his new project at the meeting? Could you explain Zhu Jun' s behavior? Suppose you are the person who knows both of them quite well. Could you give some advice to both of them so that they could understand each other well? 216
试卷代号：1028 座位号口 中央广播电视大学2011一2012学年度第一学期“开放本科”期末考试 跨文化交际试题答题纸 2012年1月 题号 Section I SectionⅡ SectionⅢ 总分 分数 得 分 评卷人 Section I:Cross Cultural Communication:Basic Knowledge and Skills [30 points] (30 points,2 points each.) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 得分 评卷人 SectionⅡ：Reading Comprehension[30 points] Part 1.(15 points,3 points each.0.5 point off for each grammar/spelling mistake,but at most 1 point can be deducted for each item for the grammar/spelling mistakes.The exact wording is not required,but the meaning must be the same. 16. 17. 18. 217
试卷代号 座位号仁口 中央广播电视大学 2 0 11 2学年度第一学期"开放本科"期末考试 跨文化交际试题答题纸 2012 年1 Section I Section II Section ill ，总 |得分|评卷入| I I I Section I: Cross Cultural Communication: Basic Knowledge and Skills [30 points] (30 points, 2 points each. ) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 王丁评卷人| Section II : Reading Comprehension [30 poin Part 1. 05 points, 3 points each. 0.5 point off for each grammar/spelling mistake , but at most 1 point can be deducted for each item for the grammar/spelling mistakes. The exact wording is not required , but the meaning must be the same. ) 16. 17. 18. 217
19. 20. Part 2.(15 points,3 points each.) 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 得分 评卷人 Section I:Communication Analysis [40 points] Question 26. Case 1 (10 points,7 points for the analysis,3 points for overall language quality. Question 27. Case 2(15 points,10 points for the analysis,5 points for overall language quality. Question 28. Case 3(15 points,10 points for the analysis,5 points for overall language quality.) 218
19. 20. Part 2. (1 5 points, 3 points each. ) 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. |得分|评卷人| I I I Section ill: Communication Analysis [40 points] Question 26. Case 1 (1 0 points, 7 points for the analysis, 3 points for overall language quality. ) Question 27. Case 2 (1 5 points, 10 points for the analysis, 5 points for overaJllanguage quality. ) Question 28. Case 3 (1 5 points, 10 points for the analysis, 5 points for overall language quality. ) 218