ChapterIAdaptation and injuryof cell ortissue
Chapter I Adaptation and injury of cell or tissue`
Normal cellAdaptable cellCelldeathNecrosisatrophyhypertrophyapoptosishyperplasiareversibly injured cellmetaplasiadegenerationRelationshipof normalcelladaptable cell and injured cell
Adaptable cell Cell death Necrosis apoptosis atrophy hypertrophy hyperplasia metaplasia degeneration reversibly injured cell Relationship of normal cell, adaptable cell and injured cell Normal cell
Adaptedmyocyle(hypertrophyNormal myocyteReversibly injuredmyocyteCell death
S 1. Cell adaptation and aging一、 Cell adaptation1.Definition:a non-injurious reaction of cellstissues and organs to exogenous andendogenous harmful stimuli
一、Cell adaptation 1 . Definition: a non-injurious reaction of cells, tissues and organs to exogenous and endogenous harmful stimuli. §1. Cell adaptation and aging
2.Morphologic manifestation·HypertrophyHyperplasia.AtrophyMetaplasia
2. Morphologic manifestation Hypertrophy Hyperplasia Atrophy Metaplasia
(一)Hypertrophy.Definition:an increase in the size of atissues or organ due to increasedsize of individual cells
（一）Hypertrophy 1. Definition: an increase in the size of a tissues or organ due to increased size of individual cells
2.Types(1) Physiologic hypertrophy:pregnancy → uterus↑(endocrine hypertrophy)
2.Types (1) Physiologic hypertrophy: pregnancy → uterus↑ (endocrine hypertrophy)
PhysiologichypertrophyofuterusFigure2-3Physiologic hypertrophyof the uterus during pregnancy.A,Gross appearance of a normal uterus (right)and a gravid uterus (removed for postpartumbleeding)(left).B,Small spindle-shapeduterine smoothmuscle cells from anormal uterus (left)compared with largeplump cells ingravid uterus (right)
Physiologic hypertrophy of uterus
(2)PathologichypertrophyHypertension → heart hypertrophyGN → residual nephron hypertrophy3.EMmitochondria ↑cellcomponentsendoplasmic reticulummicrofilamentprotein synthesis
(2) Pathologic hypertrophy Hypertension → heart hypertrophy GN → residual nephron hypertrophy 3. EM cell components mitochondria ↑ endoplasmic reticulum microfilament↑ protein synthesis↑
Myocardial hypertrophy图1-3心肌肥大心肌肥大图1-1图14心肌肥大（Mallory染色）图12正常心肌
Myocardial hypertrophy