⑥无串科抗等。 Chapter 2 Name, Quality, Quantity and Packing 乡
Chapter 2 Name,Quality,Quantity and Packing
Learning objectives 1.To understand the importance of clauses of quality, quantity, packing and price in a sales contract 2 To learn the methods of expressing the quality of goods in a sales contract 3 To learn different weight calculation methods +4.To learn the marks on transport packing 5. To understand cost accounting methods in export
Learning Objectives 1.To understand the importance of clauses of quality, quantity, packing and price in a sales contract 2.To learn the methods of expressing the quality of goods in a sales contract 3.To learn different weight calculation methods 4.To learn the marks on transport packing 5.To understand cost accounting methods in export
1. Name of Commodity To some products, we should be cautious in selecting suitable names, either reducing customs duties, or saving freight While negotiations were underway in Geneva in 1947 to set up the original gatt, discussions were also being held in Western Europe to establish a customs union. For political reasons, this early attempt to put together a customs union failed, but the participants agreed to take advantage of the accords that had been reached to establish a standardized system(or nomenclature )for classifying goods for the purpose of Imposing customs duties
1.Name of Commodity To some products, we should be cautious in selecting suitable names,either reducing customs duties, or saving freight. While negotiations were underway in Geneva in 1947 to set up the original GATT, discussions were also being held in Western Europe to establish a customs union. For political reasons, this early attempt to put together a customs union failed, but the participants agreed to take advantage of the accords that had been reached to establish a standardized system (or “nomenclature”)for classifying goods for the purpose of imposing customs duties
2.Quality of Commodity Quality is the most important factor in the sale of goods. According to UN Convention, the seller must deliver the goods as required by the contract Otherwise, the buyer may claim damages, require delivery of substitute goods, or require the seller to remedy, or even reject the goods and cancel the contract
2.Quality of Commodity Quality is the most important factor in the sale of goods. According to UN Convention, the seller must deliver the goods as required by the contract. Otherwise, the buyer may claim damages, require delivery of substitute goods, or require the seller to remedy, or even reject the goods and cancel the contract
2. 1 Sale by actual quality
2.1 Sale by actual quality p79
2.2 Sale by sample Sale by seller's sample ◆ Sale by buyer' s sample★★ ◆(1) Counter sample 2)Sealed sample ()Safeguard clauses. 4)Reference sample
2.2 Sale by sample Sale by seller’s sample Sale by buyer’s sample (1) Counter sample: (2)Sealed sample: (3)Safeguard clauses: (4)Reference sample: ★★
2.3 Sale by description (1)Sale by specification 2)Sale by grade ◆(3) Sale by standard (4 )Sale by trade mark and brand 5)Sale by name of origin (sAle by descriptions and illustrations
2.3 Sale by description (1)Sale by specification (2)Sale by grade (3)Sale by standard (4)Sale by trade mark and brand (5)Sale by name of origin (6)Sale by descriptions and illustrations
wD(1) Sale by specifications Some induces such as chemical composition the goods sufficiently Describing quality b ality of contents, length, sizes, etc can reflect the g specification is simple as well as accurate. Thats why it is most widely used e.g. Printed Shirting Jumping Fish Yarn counts 30x36 No of threads/inch 72X69 Width(inch) 35/36
(1) Sale by specifications Some induces such as chemical composition, contents, length, sizes, etc. can reflect the quality of the goods sufficiently. Describing quality by specification is simple as well as accurate. That’s why it is most widely used. e.g. Printed Shirting “Jumping Fish” Yarn counts 30x36 No. of threads/inch 72X69 Width (inch) 35/36
( 2) Sale by grade Sorikssroduc'shan be divided into different grades based on different ati e.g. Fresh Hen Eggs, shell light brown and clean, even in size Grade aa 60-65gm per egg Grade a 55~60gm per egg Grade B 50-55gm per egg Grade C 45-50gm per egg Grade D 40-45 gm per egg Grade e 35-40gm per egg 〉例如,蛋壳成浅棕色、清洁,品质新鲜,大小均匀 特级 每枚蛋净重60-65克 超级 每枚蛋净重55-60克 大级 每枚蛋净重50-55克 级 每枚蛋净重45-50克 二级 每枚蛋净重40-45克 每枚蛋净重35-40克
Some products can be divided into different grades based on different specification. e.g. Fresh Hen Eggs, shell light brown and clean, even in size Grade AA: 60~65gm per egg Grade A: 55~60gm per egg Grade B: 50~55gm per egg Grade C: 45~50gm per egg Grade D: 40 ~ 45 gm per egg Grade E: 35~40gm per egg 例如，蛋壳成浅棕色、清洁，品质新鲜，大小均匀 特级 每枚蛋净重60-65克 超级 每枚蛋净重55-60克 大级 每枚蛋净重50-55克 一级 每枚蛋净重45-50克 二级 每枚蛋净重40-45克 三级 每枚蛋净重35-40克 (2) Sale by grade
( 3)Sale by Standard Standards are formulated either by government or commercial organizations. Some of them are national, others are international. Many countries have their own standards, for example, Bs in Britain, ANSI in the USa and JIs in Japan The typical international standard is Iso standard. When sale is made by standard, it is important to mark the publication year of the standard e.g. Rifampicin B P. 1993(Note: B P. refers to British Pharmacopoeia) 例1,利福平(甲哌利福霉素)英国药典1993版 2)Female Mink Overcoat Full Let Out made Chinese standard body length 120xll5cm 例2,母水貂皮串刀长大衣中国标准胸围身长120X115cm
(3) Sale by Standard Standards are formulated either by government or commercial organizations.Some of them are national, others are international. Many countries have their own standards, for example, BS in Britain, ANSI in the USA and JIS in Japan. The typical international standard is ISO standard. When sale is made by standard, it is important to mark the publication year of the standard. e.g. Rifampicin B.P. 1993 (Note:B.P. refers to British Pharmacopoeia) 例1，利福平（甲哌利福霉素）英国药典1993版 2)Female Mink Overcoat Full Let Out Made Chinese Standard Body length 120x115cm 例2，母水貂皮串刀长大衣 中国标准 胸围身长120X115cm