第四章 供给与需求的市场力量 The Market Forces of Supply and Demand
第四章 供给与需求的市场力量 The Market Forces of Supply and Demand
供给与需求的市场力量 The Market Forces of Supply and Demand 供给与需求是经济学家最常用的两个术语。 Supply and demand are the two words that economists use most often. 供给与需求是推动市场经济运转的力量所在。 Supply and demand are the forces that make market economies work. 现代微观经济学研究供给、需求和市场均衡。 Modern microeconomics is about supply,demand, and market equilibrium
2 供给与需求的市场力量 The Market Forces of Supply and Demand 供给与需求是经济学家最常用的两个术语。 Supply and demand are the two words that economists use most often. 供给与需求是推动市场经济运转的力量所在。 Supply and demand are the forces that make market economies work. 现代微观经济学研究供给、需求和市场均衡。 Modern microeconomics is about supply, demand, and market equilibrium
市场 Markets 一个市场就是由某种商品或服务的买者和 卖者组成的群体。 A market is a group of buyers and sellers of a particular good or service. 术语供给和需求指人们的行为...当他们 在市场中相互作用时。 The terms supply and demand refer to the behavior of people...as they interact with one another in markets
3 市场 Markets 一个市场就是由某种商品或服务的买者和 卖者组成的群体。 A market is a group of buyers and sellers of a particular good or service. 术语供给和需求指人们的行为……当他们 在市场中相互作用时。 The terms supply and demand refer to the behavior of people . . . as they interact with one another in markets
市场 Markets 买方决定需求。 Buyers determine demand. 卖方决定供给。 Sellers determine supply
4 市场 Markets 买方决定需求。 Buyers determine demand. 卖方决定供给。 Sellers determine supply
市场类型：竞争市场 Market Type: A Competitive Market 竞争性市场是这样一个市场.… A competitive market is a market... 拥有众多买者和卖者 with many buyers and sellers. .不受任何一个人操纵 that is not controlled by any one person. …买者和卖者所遵循的价格被确定在窄小的范围内。 in which a narrow range ofprices are established that buyers and sellers act upon
5 市场类型：竞争市场 Market Type: A Competitive Market 竞争性市场是这样一个市场…… A competitive market is a market. . . ……拥有众多买者和卖者 with many buyers and sellers. ……不受任何一个人操纵 that is not controlled by any one person. ……买者和卖者所遵循的价格被确定在窄小的范围内。 in which a narrow range of prices are established that buyers and sellers act upon
竞争：完全竞争与否 Competition: Perfect and Otherwise 完全竞争Perfect Competition 物品完全相同。 Products are the same. 买者、卖者如此众多以至于个人无法对价格施 加影响。 Numerous buyers and sellers so that each has no influence over price. 买者、卖者都是价格接受者。 Buyers and Sellers are price takers. 6
6 竞争：完全竞争与否 Competition: Perfect and Otherwise 物品完全相同。 Products are the same. 买者、卖者如此众多以至于个人无法对价格施 加影响。 Numerous buyers and sellers so that each has no influence over price. 买者、卖者都是价格接受者。 Buyers and Sellers are price takers. 完全竞争 Perfect Competition
竞争：完全竞争与否 Competition: Perfect and Otherwise 垄断Monopoly 只有一个卖者，它控制价格 One seller,and seller controls price 寡头Oligopoly 少数几个卖者Few sellers
7 竞争：完全竞争与否 Competition: Perfect and Otherwise 垄断 Monopoly 只有一个卖者，它控制价格 One seller, and seller controls price 寡头 Oligopoly 少数几个卖者 Few sellers
竞争：完全竞争与否 Competition: Perfect and Otherwise 垄断竞争Monopolistic Competition 许多卖者Many sellers 存在微小差别的产品 Slightly differentiated products 每个卖者都能为自己的产品设定价格 Each seller may set price for its own product
8 竞争：完全竞争与否 Competition: Perfect and Otherwise 垄断竞争 Monopolistic Competition 许多卖者 Many sellers 存在微小差别的产品 Slightly differentiated products 每个卖者都能为自己的产品设定价格 Each seller may set price for its own product
需求 Demand 需求量是买者愿意而且能够购买的 商品数量。 Quantity demanded is the amount of a good that buyers are willing and able to purchase. 9
9 需求 Demand 需求量是买者愿意而且能够购买的 商品数量。 Quantity demanded is the amount of a good that buyers are willing and able to purchase
需求量的决定 Determinants of Quantity Demanded 市场价格Market price 消费者收入Consumer income 相关商品的价格 Prices of related goods 嗜好Tastes 预期Expectations 10
10 需求量的决定 Determinants of Quantity Demanded 市场价格 Market price 消费者收入 Consumer income 相关商品的价格 Prices of related goods 嗜好 Tastes 预期 Expectations