Chapter 10 Pelagic Tunicata Department of Oceanography
Chapter 10 Pelagic Tunicata Department of Oceanography
References Bone Q, 1998. The biology of pelagic tunicates. 340p
References Bone Q, 1998. The biology of pelagic tunicates. 340p
Chordata（脊索动物门） Urochordata（尾索动物亚门） Appendiculariae（有尾纲）＝Copelata Thaliacea（海樽纲） Ascidiacea（海鞘纲） Cephalochordata（头索动物亚门） Vertebrata（脊椎动物亚门）
Chordata（脊索动物门） Urochordata（尾索动物亚门） Appendiculariae（有尾纲）＝Copelata Thaliacea（海樽纲） Ascidiacea（海鞘纲） Cephalochordata（头索动物亚门） Vertebrata（脊椎动物亚门）
General characteristics Chordata Urochorda Expect for Larvacea, the notochord only exits in the tail of larvae. The adults process no notochord. (Urochora) Adult is enclosed in a sac-like tunica composed of tunicin secreted by the integument. (Tunicata) Without sensory organs and tubus medullaris in the adult, and with an open circulatory system. Usually hermaphrodites, with sexual or budding reproduction
General characteristics Chordata Urochorda Expect for Larvacea, the notochord only exits in the tail of larvae. The adults process no notochord. (Urochora) Adult is enclosed in a sac-like tunica composed of tunicin secreted by the integument. (Tunicata) Without sensory organs and tubus medullaris in the adult, and with an open circulatory system. Usually hermaphrodites, with sexual or budding reproduction
10.1 Appendicularia = Copelata 10.1.1 General Morphology do not undergo metamorphosis, the adult with a tail supported by a notochord gill sac simply endostyle short, groove-like ♀♂hermaphrodite “house
10.1 Appendicularia = Copelata 10.1.1 General Morphology do not undergo metamorphosis, the adult with a tail supported by a notochord gill sac simply endostyle short, groove-like ♀♂hermaphrodite “house
10.1.2 External features 1 Trunk 2 Tail
10.1.2 External features 1 Trunk 2 Tail
10.1.3 Internal features 1 Digestive system mouth → pharynx → esophagus → stomach → intestine → anus endostyle, buccal gland 2 Circulatory system 3 Reproductive system heramphrodite mouth esophagus stomach intestine anus buccal gland endostyle ovary or test
10.1.3 Internal features 1 Digestive system mouth → pharynx → esophagus → stomach → intestine → anus endostyle, buccal gland 2 Circulatory system 3 Reproductive system heramphrodite mouth esophagus stomach intestine anus buccal gland endostyle ovary or test
3 Nervous system cerebral ganglion caudal ganglion 5 Notochord and Muscle Bands urochord notochord cell subchord cell
3 Nervous system cerebral ganglion caudal ganglion 5 Notochord and Muscle Bands urochord notochord cell subchord cell
10.1.4 Classification One order, Urochorda with two families, the main characteristics for classification are： （ 1 ）the ratio of body to tail in size and their shape （ 2 ）the shape of the endostyle （ 3 ）the position of the gill opening （ 4 ）the shape of the gonads Family Oikopleuridae：O. longicauda Family Fritillaridae: F. pellucida
10.1.4 Classification One order, Urochorda with two families, the main characteristics for classification are： （ 1 ）the ratio of body to tail in size and their shape （ 2 ）the shape of the endostyle （ 3 ）the position of the gill opening （ 4 ）the shape of the gonads Family Oikopleuridae：O. longicauda Family Fritillaridae: F. pellucida
Common species Family Oikopleuridae Body oval Endostyle short and straight Tail several times longer than trunk Oikopleura longicauda O. dioica
Common species Family Oikopleuridae Body oval Endostyle short and straight Tail several times longer than trunk Oikopleura longicauda O. dioica